(1789-1815)
The Old Regime The Old Regime The Traditional, Political and Social System of France People were Divided into Social Classes called Estates Estate Population Land 1 st - Clergy 0.5% 10% 2 nd - Nobles 1.5% 20% 3 rd - Commoners 98% 70%
The Estate System The First and Second Estate (Clergy and Nobility) Did Not have to Pay Taxes Third Estate A. Urban Middle Class 3% Bourgeoisie B. Urban Lower Class 15% sans-culottes C. Peasants 80% of France Who were the Leaders of the French Revolution? A. The Bourgeoisie; as they were Rich, Well Educated, and Engrained with the Ideas of the Englightenment
LOUIS XVI (r.1774 1791) King during The Revolution Marries Austrian Princess Marie Antoinette Economic Crisis The French Government was Deeply in Debt due to Borrowing money for Wars and a Lavish Lifestyle Robert Tugot Advised Louis XVI to Tax the Nobles - Watch your head
The Estates General
The Estates General MAY 1, 1789 - The Estates General will Meet at Versailles Estates General: Representative Body of the French People Each Estate had One Vote, so the 3rd Estate Demanded They All Meet Together 3rd Estate Changes its Name to the National Assembly Took the Tennis Court Oath and Vowed to give France a Constitution
The Tennis Court Oath
BASTILLE DAY On July 14, 1789, Paris Mobs Stormed the Bastille. This Showed Popular Support for the Revolution. (First Bloodshed)
Great Fear (Summer of 1789) Peasant Rebellions in the Countryside Burnt Nobles Homes Set Crops on Fire Much of the Countryside gets Burned Down (Bread Prices Rise)
WOMEN MARCH ON VERSAILLES (OCTOBER 1789) An Angry Mob of Women (40,000 people) March to Versailles Knock Down the Gates to Versailles Louis XVI Agrees to go back to Paris with the Commoners, he has Lost Control
REFORMS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 1. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (August 1789) 2. Civil Constitution of Clergy Gave the French Control of the Catholic Church in France (1790) 3. Constitution of 1791 Established a Limited Monarchy In June 1791, Louis XVI and his Family Flee France!!!
POLITICAL SPECTRUM In October 1791, the New Legislative Assembly Meets and Splits into Factions Mr. Rowe will now use the Chalkboard.
WAR WITH AUSTRIA & PRUSSIA (1792) As a Result of the War, Radicals took Control of the Revolution Brunswick Manifesto Ordered the People of Paris to Surrender of he would Butcher the city Battle of Valmy (Sept. 1792) French Army Defeats A & P = Immediate Threat is Over Put Louis XVI on Trial for Treason and Execute him on Jan. 21, 1793 France is Declared a Republic
Louis XVI Execution
WAR WITH EUROPE As a result of the King s Execution, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Spain Join Austria and Prussia in their War against France Levee en Masse Mobilized the Entire Nation for War = Total War War caused Starvation and other Economic Problems Many People Started to Speak Out against the Revolution
The Reign of Terror!!! Maximilien Robespierre Known as the Grand Executioner, sending as many as 400 a day to their deaths at the guillotine
The Reign of Terror Robespierre was the Head of the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) Determined to Crush All Opposition to the Revolution Was a Judge; Never Sentences Anyone to Death Constitution was Set Aside and a Committee of Public Safety Took Over CPS Ruled with Dictatorial Powers Killed more than 400 per day = 40,000 total killed Marie Antoinette Most Famous Victim of the Reign of Terror July 28, 1794 Robespierre is Executed and the Reign of Terror Ends
THE DIRECTORY Set Up as a New Form of Government In 1795, this more Conservative Form of Government was Corrupt, Inefficient and very Unpopular a. Changed Voting Rules = Had to Own Property, be able to Read & Write b. Was Very Hard to Pass Laws c. Had 5 Executives (Directors); One Could Veto a Law French Storm the Directory, but it is Defended by a young army officer He Disperses the Crowd with A Whiff of Grapeshot = Doesn t Kill Anybody
Napoleon Bonaparte Leader of France, extraordinary military leader
Tell of my rise to fame and glory, Rowe.
NAPOLEON (1769 1822) By 1796, he was Commander-in-Chief of the French Army and Drove Austria out of Italy In 1798, Napoleon Invaded Egypt to Cut Off the British Lifeline to India In 1799, Napoleon Overthrew the Directory and made Himself Dictator at age 30 Coup d'état Quick Seizure of Power Napoleon is a Great Case Study in Leadership
NAPOLEON S DOMESTIC POLICY & REFORMS 1. The Napoleonic Code Gave France a Uniform System of Law (Liberal) 2. Concordat of 1801 = met with the Pope and Reached a Compromise with the Catholic Church (1801) 3. Strengthened the Economy ($$$) No more War, Conquered the Netherlands and Spain Formed a National Bank, plugged Tax Loopholes, new Paper Currency Sold the Louisiana Territory ($$$)
In 1804, Napoleon Crowned Himself Emperor for Life Held a Plebiscite YES 3,568,885 NO 8,374
The Napoleonic Wars (1805-1815) France had Fought Defensively, but Now under Napoleon France goes on the Offensive
The Battles The Battle of Ulm (1805) The Battle of Austerlitz (1805) The Battle of Jena (1806) The Battle of Friedland (1807) AND NOW.ONTO THE BATTLEFIELD!!! (or Chalkboard)
Battle of Trafalgar Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson and the British Navy Destroys the French Navy off the Coast of Spain (1805)
Napoleon s Fall from Power The Continental System Napoleon made all European Nations stop Trading with Great Britain Nationalism Started to Grow Throughout Europe Spain revolted against Napoleon by using Guerilla Warfare little war Napoleon s Biggest Mistake was the Invasion of Russia in 1812 (500,000 10,000)
Napoleon s Fall from Power Napoleon was Exiled to Elba and Louis XVIII was Restored to the Throne and a New Constitution for a Limited Monarchy was Issued Napoleon Returns for 100 days, but soon Lost his final Battle of Waterloo (1815) Napoleon was Exiled to St. Helena and Died in 1822
RESULTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1. The Old Regime is Gone Forever 2. Revolutionary Ideas of Political and Social Justice (Liberalism) Spread throughout Europe and the World 3. Nationalism Grows in Europe 4. Great Britain is the Most Powerful Nation in the World, not France
THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1814 1815) Right Wing Politicians Dominated the Congress (Reactionaries) The Four Great Powers Dominated the Congress of Vienna: 1. Great Britain Lord Castlereagh Foreign Minister 2. Prussia Baron von Hardenberg Foreign Minister 3. Russia Czar Alexander I Monarch 4. Austria Prince Klemens von Metternich Man with a plan *France Charles Maurice de Tallyrand Cannot Speak
METTERNICH S 3 MAIN GOALS 1. The Encirclement of France 2. Maintain a Balance of Power 3. Legitimacy (Restore old rulers)
FUTURE OF EUROPE To Ensure Peace in Europe, the Quadruple Alliance was Formed 1815 to 1848 was known as the Age of Metternich = Conservative/Reactionary No Wars for 38 years between Countries in Europe Not a Major War for 99 years until WWI