Period V (1750-1900): Industrialization and Global Integration 5.1 Industrialization and Global Capitalism I. I can describe and explain how industrialism fundamentally changed how goods were produced. I can identify the following factors and explain how they led to the rise of industrial production. o Europe s location on the Atlantic Ocean o The geographical distribution of coal, iron and timber (natural resources) o European demographic changes o Urbanization o Improved agricultural productivity o Legal protection of private property o An abundance of rivers and canals o Access to foreign resources o The accumulation of capital I can describe how vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels (coal and oil) were able to be exploited due to the development of new machines such as the steam engine and internal combustion engine. I can explain how the fossil fuels revolution greatly increased the amount of energy available to human societies. I can identify how the concentration of labor in a single location was directly related to the development of the factory system. I can describe how the factory system led to an increasing degree of labor specialization. I can identify that new methods of industrial production became more common in parts of northwestern Europe. I can identify areas where new methods of industrial production spread, including: o Other parts of Europe o United States o Japan o Russia I can explain how the second industrial revolution led to new methods in the production of steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery. I can identify that the second industrial revolution occurred during the second half of the 19 th c. II. I can explain how, as industrialists sought raw materials and new markets for their increasing amount and variety of goods produced in their factories, new patterns of global trade and production developed. I can also analyze the effects of these new patterns of global trade and production on the global economy. I can explain how the need for raw materials for factories and increased food supplies for growing urban centers caused export economies around the world to grow around the mass production of single natural resources (i.e. metals and minerals, sugar, and cotton). I can describe how the profits from these raw materials where then used to purchase finished goods. I can describe how the rapid development of industrial production contributed to the decline of economically productive, agriculturally based economies exemplified by the decline of textile production in India. I can evaluate how rapid increases in productivity caused by industrial production encouraged industrialized states to seek out new consumer markets for their finished goods as shown by the British and French attempts to end China s isolationist policies during the eighteenth century. I can explain how the need for specific metals for industrial production and a global demand for gold, silver, and diamonds (forms of wealth) led to a growth of mining centers such as the gold and diamond mines of South Africa. III. I can analyze and explain that financiers developed and expanded financial institutions to facilitate investments at all levels of industrial production.
I can explain the ideas of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill. I can describe how the development of capitalism and classic liberalism served as the ideological inspiration for economic change. I can describe a financial instrument. I can explain how the financial instruments expanded by evaluating the development of the stock market and limited liability corporations. I can explain how large-scale transnational businesses, such as the HSBC, arose to meet the demands of global trade and production. IV. I can identify major developments in transportation and communication. I can identify and describe the major developments in: o Railroads o Steamships o Telegraphs o Canals V. I can analyze and explain how the spread of global capitalism led to a variety of responses. I can identify the causes behind worker organization in industrialized states. I can explain how the organization of workers led to improved working conditions, limited hours, and higher wages. I can identify and describe how Marxism and Anarchism were alternate visions of society that developed in opposition to capitalist exploitation of workers. I can explain how some members of the Qing and Ottoman governments resisted economic change and attempted to maintain preindustrial forms of economic production. I can explain how some governments promoted their own state-sponsored visions of industrialization such as the economic reforms of Meiji Japan. I can describe how public education in many states was a response to criticism of industrial global capitalism and it s perceived negative effects. VI. I can evaluate how social organization was transformed in industrialized states due to a fundamental restructuring of the global economy. I can identify new social classes that developed such as the middle class and industrial working class. I can explain how family dynamics, gender roles, and demographics changed in response to industrialization. I can describe how rapid urbanization often led to unsanitary conditions but also to new forms of community. 5.2 Imperialism and Nation-State Formation I. I can describe and explain how states that became industrialized were able to use that power to establish transoceanic empires. I can describe the existing colonies of Britain in India I can explain how Britain strengthened their control over India I can identify differences and similarities between the colonial trading empires of the 1600s and 1700s with the empires of the 1800s-1900s. I can identify that processes similar to this occurred elsewhere, as with the Dutch in Indonesia I can identify and describe the patterns present in European states and the empires they established throughout Asia and the Pacific. I can identify and explain in detail the empire of the British I can describe why the influence of the Portuguese and Spanish declined in terms of colonies and global power
I can explain how many European states used both war and diplomacy to establish empires in Africa I can describe the British Empire in Africa, specifically in West Africa. I can identify the harshest of European imperial states led by Belgium in the Congo I can define the term settler colony I can describe the settler colony of France in Algeria in detail I can describe economic imperialism I can explain how the spheres of influence carved up in Qing Dynasty China by nations like Britain and France are examples of economic imperialism I can describe how China came under European economic colonialism following the Opium Wars II. I can describe and explain how imperialism influenced the formation of some states and the weakening of power of other states across the globe. III. I can define Meiji Restoration I can describe how increasing U.S. and European influence in Tokugawa Japan led to the emergence of the Meiji era I can explain why some states imitated European transoceanic imperialism I can describe and give specific examples of how the U.S. and Russia emulated European transoceanic imperialism by expanding their land borders and conquering neighboring territories. I can define anti-imperial resistance and give several specific examples I can describe how this resistance led to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire, specifically with semiindependence in Egypt, and with French and Italian colonies in North Africa I can explain why new states came into being on the fringes of these large empires I can describe the specific example of the emerging Zulu Kingdom in South Africa I can define and give the characteristics of the ideology of nationalism I can discuss the influence of nationalism in the formation of Germany as a nation under Bismarck I can identify and define new racial ideologies like Social Darwinism I can explain how these new racial ideologies facilitated and justified imperialism 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform I. I can define and describe the Enlightenment I can explain how the ideas of the Enlightenment led to questioning of established traditions in all areas of life I understand why this diffusion of the Enlightenment and the questioning it caused preceded revolts and revolutions against existing governments I can tell how thinkers applied new ways of understanding the natural world (established during the Scientific Revolution) to human relationships, encouraging observation and inference in all areas of life I can specifically describe the ideas of two philosophes, Voltaire and Locke I can describe how these thinkers and intellectuals critiqued the traditional role that religion played in public life, and how they felt reason should take priority over revelation (usually defined as information given in a religious text, like the Bible) I can describe how Enlightenment thinkers developed new political ideas about the individual, natural rights, and the social contract
II. III. I can show how the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers influenced resistance to existing political authority in several revolutionary documents, including o American Declaration of Independence o French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen o Bolivar of South America s Jamaica Letter I can describe how Enlightenment ideas influenced many people to challenge existing notions of social relations and implement new social relationships I can make specific references to expanding rights in suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom I can describe how, beginning in the 1700s, people around the world developed a new sense of commonality based on their language, religion, social customs, and territory I can explain how this new sense of common characteristics and national communities was linked with the borders of the state I can describe how governments used this new identity to unite diverse populations. I can describe how increasing discontent with imperial rule caused reformist and revolutionary movements F. IV. I can explain ways that subjects of empires challenged the centralized imperial governments, for example, the challenge of rajputs to the Mughal Sultans. I can describe the causes of and explain the process of the rebellions of British American colonial subjects, Haitians, Latin Americans, and the French against their monarchy. I can explain how the rebellion in British American colonies facilitated the emergence of independent states in the USA, Haiti, and Latin America. I can give examples of slave resistance that challenge existing authorities in the Americas, like the establishment of Maroon (run-away slave) societies. I can explain new questions people had about the legitimacy of the current political authorities, both in colonial areas and in native-held empires. I can explain how, in colonized areas, these questions led to anticolonial movements like the Indian Revolt of 1857 and the Boxer Rebellion in China. I can tell about the Taiping Rebellion in China and explain how it is a rebellion influenced by religious ideas and millenarianism (the belief of a religious group in a coming major transformation of society). I can describe the responses to these frequent rebellions and how they led to reforms in imperial policies, for example, the Tanzimat movement of the Ottomans and the Self-Strengthening Movement of Qing China. I can discuss how European political and social ideas spread around the globe and the increasing number of rebellions stimulated new trans-national ideologies and shared aims. I can define, describe, and explain how the following political ideologies developed from discontent with monarchies and imperial rule: o Liberalism o Socialism o Communism I can explain how demands for women s suffrage and emerging feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies. I can specifically discuss the Seneca Falls Conference in 1848.
5.4 Global Migration I. I can analyze changes in demography in industrialized and unindustrialized societies and explain how migration was influenced by the challenges these changes presented to existing patterns of living. I can explain how changes in food production and improvements in medicine caused the global population to rise significantly. I can describe how new modes of transportation caused both internal and external migrants to relocate in cities and identify how this led to significant global urbanization in the 19 th century. II. I can describe the various reasons that led migrants to relocate. I can explain how manual laborers chose to relocate in order to find work. I can describe how the new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semicoerced labor migration. I can explain the roles that slavery, Chinese and Indian indentured servitude, and convict labor played in the new global capitalist economy. I can describe that while many migrants permanently relocated, migrants like Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific were temporary/seasonal migrants who returned to their home societies. III. I can analyze and explain the effects of large-scale migration on both the native and migrant populations of increasingly diverse societies. I can identify that the majority of migrant workers were male due to the physically demanding labor. I can explain how the migration of males caused women to take on new roles in their home society, often roles that were formerly occupied by men. I can identify Chinese enclaves in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America. I can explain how these enclaves made assimilation into new societies easier and helped facilitate migrant support networks. I can describe how societies that received immigrants did not always accept them, as seen in ethnic and racial prejudice. I can also describe specific ways governments tried to regulate the flow of peoples across their borders, as in the Chinese Exclusion Acts of the US