I. Western Europe s Monarchs A. France and the Age of Absolutism 1. Henry IV (The first of the Bourbon line) a) Huguenot (Protestant) converts to Catholicism to unite country (1) Paris is well worth a Mass! b) Fixes inequity in taxation of the French 2. Cardinal Richelieu a) Louis XIII came to power in 1617 at the age of 8 b) He was a chief minister c) Takes power away from the nobles d) Intendants served the crown to maintain communities 3. Thirty Years War a) Kept France directly out of the war b) Took Place in Germany c) Ended by signing a treaty called treaty of Westphalia(1648) d) France gets the Alsace and Netherlands and Swiss get their independence B. The Sun King Louis XIV 1. Built Versailles a) Built a huge palace b) Represented the grandeur and power of the monarchy and of France c) Believed the Divine Right of Kings d) Jean-Baptiste Colbert was the financial minister (1) Not a fan of the Huguenots C. The wars of Louis XIV 1. Fighting for new territory a) Louis wanted to expand territory East to the Rhine River b) Balance of Power 2. War of the Spanish Succession a) Fought for who would become next king in Spain b) War ended with treaty of Utrecht (1713) 3. Louis XIV S Legacy a) Jacques Cartier and Champlain with New World Claims b) They named Louisiana after Louis XIV II. Russian in the age of Absolutism A. Isolation and a New dynasty 1. Michael Romanov 2. Religious groups 3. Russians strengthened absolutism B. Peter the Great 1. Peter s Foreign mission a) To end Russia s landlocked situation
III. IV. b) Warm water ports c) Peter disguised as a private citizen and traveled Western Europe 2. Westernizing Russia a) Included social changes b) St. Petersburg is the new capital 3. Catherine s Policies a) Supported Art, science, Literature, and theater b) Russia still wanted control of the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea 4. Poland Partitions (3) a) Large but weak b) Most Poles were Roman Catholic c) Polish territory 5. Expansion Eastward a) Expanded overland b) Moved eastward c) Russians came into contact with Chinese (1) Establishes agreed borders in 1685 Central Europe in the age of Absolution (Part II) A. Habsburg Austria 1. Charles VI died and left lands to Maria Theresa 2. Pragmatic Sanction allowed for her to become Empress only when her husband was elected as Emperor B. The Rise of the Hohenzollerns 1. Many were protestants 2. Great Elector (The original Frederick William) a) Big fan of France and Louis XIV b) Protestants seize land from the Catholic Church 3. Frederick I follows the Great Elector organizes Prussia C. Frederick William I rules from 1713-1740 1. Didn t like French ways, Government money moves towards a military a) Doubled the Prussian army size b) Compulsory Education D. Frederick the Great 1. Expand the territory and prestige of Prussia 2. Stronger ruler than his father Conflict between Prussia and Austria A. Drama 1. Seized Silesia easily 2. Frederick signed the pragmatic sanction allowing Maria Theresa to inherit all the Habsburg lands B. The Diplomatic Revolution 1. Reversal of alliances 2. Austria and Great Britain had been allies against the French
C. The Seven Years War 1. Began in North America called the French and Indian War 2. Prussians were badly defeated by a combined Austrian-Russian force D. The Years of Peace 1. Gained new territories in The Polish Succession 2. Stratified the state both economically and politically V. The English Monarchy A. The house of Tudor 1. Bloody Mary 2. Wanted England as a Catholic nation 3. Henry VII was the first Tudor VI. The Reign of Elizabeth I A. Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots 1. Oldest child inherits the throne 2. Elizabeth never had children and never married 3. Mary loses her head in 1587 B. The Spanish Armada (130 ships) 1. Called the Invincible Armada 2. In 1588, the armada followed a series of unfortunate events 3. Only half even make it home C. Religious problems 1. Puritans (Between Catholic and Anglican) 2. Caused unrest in England 3. Elizabeth and other tudor monarchs thought that religious disunity threatened England D. Relations with Parliament 1. Gentry (Landowners with no titles) 2. Burgesses (Merchants and professionals) E. James I, Son of Mary Queen of Scots, becomes king (1603 to 1625) 1. Stuart family 2. Strong believer of the Anglican church 3. Puritans were his opposition