Need to know What was President Roosevelt s Gentlemen s Agreement with Japan? Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of???
imperialism Stronger nations dominating weaker nations- reasons why? Economics- need new markets (solve overproduction problems), need raw materials Militarily-protect markets, bases Humanitarian-law, medicine, religion Nationalism-being superior leads to interpreting Darwinism-strong strong will survive
imperialism Control of the sea was the key to world dominance The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783 1783 by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan s Control of the sea brings world dominance
Hawaii Missionaries and sugar production Naval base rights at Pearl Harbor Diseases reduce indigenous people Import Asian laborers soon out number whites and Hawaiians Queen Liliuokalani wanted natives to control Hawaii Planters, assisted by US Army, take over in 1893 and want annexation. But Pres. Cleveland says no. Hawaii annexed in 1898-Spanish American war
Queen Liliuokalani and workers in the field
Spanish American War-1898 Americans sympatric to Cuban Revolutionaries Thousands of Cubans put in concentration camps Yellow Journalism Sensational news stories stirred the anger of the American public
USS MAINE
War in Cuba and Philippines Fighting lasts about 2 months 400 dead from bullets, 5000 dead disease or bacteria US attacks and controls the Philippines Filipinos fight the US troops for two years to gain freedom-they fail Splendid Little War
Spanish American War Territories gained Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines
Effects of gaining the Philippines Become a power in East Asia Commitment to defend Philippines-hard hard to do Rule over millions of people Americans want a large navy
Puerto Ricans and Filipinos not given full American rights
Anti-imperialism imperialism arguments It would violate the consent of the governed philosophy of the Declaration of Independence The Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial rule. Despotism abroad might lead to despotism at home. Annexation would propel the United States into the political and military affairs of the Far East
Imperialistic Ideas towards China The nation needed more markets for its goods Open Door Policy open access to China for American investment and commercial interests Free trade bolstered American commercial interests in China it gave the United States access to millions of Chinese consumers
THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND FOREIGN POLICY
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (preventive intervention) Direct cause - American fear that financial instability (countries broke) in the Dominican Republic would lead to European intervention American intervened in Latin America nations because they could not pay their debts to European creditors Expanded America s role in Central America and the Caribbean left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the United States throughout Latin America.
Roosevelt Corollary
Panama Canal 1 day revolution against Columbia Roosevelt gave military support a desire to improve the defense of the United States Facilitated trade between Atlantic and Pacific ports Panama canal difficulties-yellow fever, poor sanitation, land slides
Panama Canal-how it works
Link to Panama Canal
Presidential Foreign Policy Roosevelt Big Stick (TR has high energy and a big ego!) Taft Dollar Diplomacy Wilson Moral Diplomacy
Progressivism American Moves Forward
President Roosevelt was a progressive, but would compromise with Big Business ADVOCATED: control of corporations. consumer protection conservation of natural resources.
Teddy Roosevelt New Nationalism Expanded the government s role in regulating businesses and business monopolies Trusts Good trusts should be tolerated while bad trusts are prevented from manipulating markets TR is progressive, but willing to compromise
Progressive Beliefs-use the government as an agency of human welfare democratization of the political structure reformation of children s labor law expansion of women s rights application of scientific methods to solve social problems Muckrakers Make the public aware of the social problems Middle class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues
Progressive Laws Local City-manager system of government Was designed to remove politics from municipal administration National Income tax 16 th Amendment Direct election of United States senators 17 th Amendment
National Progressive Laws Prohibition of the sale alcoholic beverages 18 th Amendment-Why did it pass?? the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon league the Progressive belief in social reform the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws Strongest Supporters-who?? Rural Americans and small town resident Women s suffrage 19 th Amendment
MULLER V. OREGON In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle that female workers required special rules and protection on the job harmful effects of factory labor on women s weaker bodies Seems discriminatory today closed many jobs to women. But, for the first time, employees have some control over the work place
Muller v. Oregon "That woman's physical structure and the performance of maternal functions place her at a disadvantage in the struggle for subsistence is obvious. This is especially true when the burdens of motherhood are upon her. Even when they are not, by abundant testimony of the medical fraternity continuance for a long time on her feet at work, repeating this from day to day, tends to injurious effects upon the body, and as healthy mothers are essential to vigorous offspring, the physical well- being of woman becomes an object of public interest and care in order to preserve the strength and vigor of the race." 208 U.S. at 412
Republican Party Splits in 1912 Taft s tariff policy Progressives fight against House Speaker Joseph Cannon Conservatives nomination of William Howard Taft Popularity of Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson New Freedom Expanded the government s role in regulating businesses and business monopolies Attempt to counteract the economic influence of big business Federal Trade Commission Federal Reserve System Made currency and credit more elastic.
ROUGH RIDERS
ROUGH RIDERS In the period of about four and a half months they were together, 37 percent of those who got to Cuba were casualties. Better than one out of every three were killed, wounded, or stricken by disease. It was the highest casualty rate of any American unit that took part in the Spanish-American War campaign."