The Labor Force Migration in Romania after Adhering to the E.U.

The Labor Force Migration in Romania after Adhering to the E.U.

The Labor Force Migration in Romania after Adhering to the E.U. Table of Contents Chapter 1 The changes on the Romanian labor market expected by the Romanians after Adhering to the E.U. The labor force Immigration expected on the Romanian labor market The threat that foreign labor force represent The Romanian labor force Emigration expected to the E.U. countries How skilled the Romanians see themselves compared to the U.E workers The nationalities most preferred by Romanians as work colleagues Chapter 2 The Romanians emigration intentions The Romanians intentions to emigrate for work in the E.U. countries The E.U. countries most preferred by Romanian labor force How Romanian workers plan to find a job in the E.U. countries The experience in working in the E.U. countries that future Emigrants have The intentions to emigrate in the E.U. of those who already worked there The working conditions accepted by Romanian labor force to work in the E.U. Chapter 3 Demographics Experience in working abroad/the countries where Romanians have worked before Age/Gender/Education/Number of Persons in the Household/Residence Area Occupation/ Marital Status Personal Monthly Net Income / Monthly Net Income per family member Research method Survey. Target population People living in an urban environment, between 18 and 55 years old, that are aware that in 2007 Romania will adhere to the E.U. Data collection technique Telephone interviews. Sampling method Proportionate probabilistic sample. Sample size 1120 respondents. Fieldwork Methodology 30 Nov 2006-05 Dec 2006. Date: Dec.06 2

Chapter 1 The Changes on the Romanian Labor Market Expected by the Romanians After Adhering to the E.U. 3

The Changes on the Romanian Labor Market Expected by the Romanians After Adhering to the E.U.» Most Romanians, expect new labor force form abroad after joining E.U., especially from poorer countries. Still, Romanian workers do not consider foreign employees to be a threat for their jobs. The labor force Immigration Expected on the Romanian Labor Market The Threat That Foreign labor force Represent 69.8 30.2 51.6 48.4 15.6 84.4 27.3 72.7 Da 6.9 No, I do not feel my job threaten Nu 93.1 Yes, I feel Manual/non manual workers from E.U. will come to Romania Professional workers from E.U. will come to Romania Manual/non manual workers from poorer countries will come to Romania Professional workers from poorer countries will come to Romania my job threaten -Yes -No 4 Base: N=1120 Q 3. Now, I will read you a few phenomena that could take place or not, after Romania will adhere to the E.U. For each of these, please tell me if you think they will take place or not. Q 4. Do you feel threaten by the foreign labor force coming to Romania?

» The Changes on the Romanian Labor Market Expected by the Romanians After Adhering to the E.U. The Romanian labor force Emigration Expected to the E.U. Countries 6.3 10.5 93.7 89.5 A great number of Romanians believe that after adhering to the E.U., a part of the Romanian labor force will migrate to the E.U. countries. Manual/non manual workers from Romania will leave to work in the E.U. Professional workers from Romania will leave to work in the E.U. -Yes -No Base: N=1120 Q 3. Now, I will read you a few phenomena that could take place or not, after Romania will adhere to the E.U. For each of these, please tell me if you think they will take place or not. 5

How Skilled the Romanians See Themselves Compared to the E.U Workers 100 19.6 75 50 49.5 Most Romanians trust their professional skills. They consider themselves equally or even better 25 skilled than their E.U. homologues. 31.0 0 N=1120 -I m better skilled -I m just as skilled as them -I m less skilled then them Base: N=1120 Q 2. Could you please tell me, how do you see your professional skills compared those of a E.U. employee with the same position as yours? 6

Nu ma intereseaza/ Mi-e indiferent Unguri Francezi Germani The Nationalities Most Preferred by Romanians as Work Colleagues 0 20 40 60 German 12.2 British 11.8 Italian French Spanish 10.3 10.1 6.8 If having foreign work colleagues, approximately half of the Romanians would be indifferent to their nationalities. Still, those that have American 4.3 preferences, would like their foreign Hungarian Other E.U. nationalities 1.3 4.5 colleagues to be German, English, Italian and French Other non E.U. nationalities 4.4 I am indifferent 50.2 Don t Know/No Answer 9.4 Let s suppose you would have foreign work colleagues. Q 5. What nationalities would you prefer them to be? 7 Base: N=1120

Chapter 2 The Romanians Emigration Intentions 8

The Romanians Intentions to Emigrate for Work in the E.U. Countries» Intention to Emigrate No 74.4 N=1120 Yes 25.6 Muntenia, Oltenia and Dobrogea N=587 N=363 N=170 No 76.6 No 74.0 No 68.8 Yes 23.4 Transilvania Yes 26.0 Moldova Yes 31.2 Approximately one quarter (25.6) of the respondents, expressed their desire to leave for work in the E.U. countries after the adhering date. Most frequently, this desire was observed on respondents coming from Moldova region. Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date? 9

»The Romanians Intentions to Emigrate for Work in the E.U. Countries» Young people aged between 18 and 30 are the most determined to leave for work in the E.U. after January 1 st 2007 Total Age Categories 100 100 18 30 y.o. 31 45 y.o. 46 55 y.o. 75 50 74.4 75 50 67.6 77.9 84.9 25 25 32.4 25.6 22.1 -Yes 15.1 0 0 -No N=1120 N=514 N=407 N=199 Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date? 10

» The Romanians Intentions to Emigrate for Work in the E.U. Countries Almost half of those decided to emigrate to the E.U. countries want to return to Romania in at most three years. This, while only 16.6 want to remain for definitely in their adoptive countries. Intention to Emigrate 100 13.8 Work Period Less then a year 1-2 years No 74.4 Yes 25.6 75 50 18.7 14.1 13.6 2-3 years 3-5 years N=1120 25 0 12.8 16.6 10.4 N=200 More than 5 years but not for definitely I'll stay there definitely Dan't know/no answer * N=280 *Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st 2007 Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date? Q 8. For how many years do you intend to work abroad? 11

Alte tari din cadrul U.E. Austria Marea Britanie Italia The E.U. Countries Most Preferred by Romanian labor force The most preferred destination for Romanian workers is Italy, followed by Germany and Spain. Intention to Emigrate Countries of Destination 0 20 40 60 80 Italy 24.8 Germany 16.1 Spain 16.0 No 74.4 Yes 25.6 U.K. France Holland 11.5 8.0 2.1 Austria 1.9 N=1120 Belgium Sweden 1.3 1.3 Other E.U. countries 2.1 Don t Know/ No answer 15.0 *Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st 2007 Q 10. To which country do you intend to leave? *N=280 12

Nu stiu/ Nonraspuns Ma voi duce acolo si ma voi descurca la fata locului Ma vor ajuta rudele/ cunostintele aflate deja acolo How Romanian Workers Plan to Find a Job in the E.U. Countries Almost half of those decided to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st 2007 have relatives or acquaintances that already work in their countries of destination. They rely on their relatives /acquaintances support to find a job there. I will get help from my relatives/acquaintances that are already there I will watch from Romania foreign job openings and I will apply for interviews I will apply at the Romanian labor force Migration Office I will go there and handle it on site I will apply on private companies specialized in distributing labor force Other 0 20 40 60 80 47.9 26.2 23.7 21.8 16.1 3.7 Don t Know/ No answer 1.0 Base: *N=236 *Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st 2007 and also named their country of destination Q 12. How do you think you will find a job in this country? 13

The Experience in Working in the E.U. Countries that Future Emigrants Have Out of the respondents who will leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1 st 2007 almost three quarters haven t worked in E.U. before Intention to Emigrate Experience in working in the E.U. 100 75 73.1 No 74.4 Yes 25.6 50 25 26.9 0 *N=280 -Yes *Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1 st 2007 Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date? D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before? D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before? 14 -No Base: *N=280

The Intentions to Emigrate in the E.U. of Those Who Already Worked There More than half of the respondents who have already worked in the European Union and came back to Romania, will not return for work to a E.U. country. Intention to Emigrate 100 Experience in working in the E.U. 75 58.3 No 83.5 Yes 16.5 50 25 41.7 N=1120 0 *N=280 *Base: respondents who have already worked in a E.U. country. D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before? D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before? Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date? -Yes -No *N=178 15

Munca fara forme legale/ fara carte de munca Un loc de munca sub calificarea pe care o am in prezent A considerable number of those who wish to leave for work, are willing to accept a job with a lower qualification than the present one or a salary below that of their homologues in that country. Moreover, one out of five respondents is willing to work on the black labor market. The Working Conditions Accepted by Romanian labor force to Work in the E.U. 0 20 40 60 80 A job with a lower qualification that I have now 57.7 A salary lower than those of other employees in that country with the same position that I have Working without legal forms Working conditions lower than those I have now *Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1 st 2007 Q 9. Which of the following conditions are you willing to accept in order to work in the E.U. countries? 16 6.5 23.9 55.7 Still, the Romanian workers are not willing to work unless if their European employers provide them with working conditions at least as good as the current ones. Base: *N=188

Chapter 3 Demographics 17

Demographics» Base: N=1120 Experience in Working Abroad The Countries Where Romanians Have Worked Before 0 20 40 60 80 100 EU countries 82.4 No 80.0 Yes 20.0 Non-EU coutries 29.4 D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before? D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before? 18

» Demographics» Base: N=1120 Experience in Working Abroad The Countries Where Romanians Have Worked Before 0 20 40 60 80 100 Italy 24.9 Germany 19.5 Hungary 13.5 No 80.0 Yes 20.0 Spain Austria France Turkey USA 13.3 7.4 6.2 5.4 5.1 D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before? D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before? 19

Age Gender» Demographics» Base: N=1120 Education 35.8 6.1 4.8 45.9 48.5 51.5 22.1 18.7 18.3 18-30 y.o. 31-45 y.o. 46-55 y.o. Females Males 7.0 Number of Members in the Household Residence Area 13.7 7.6 35.8 41.2 27.4 35.1 16.2 45.9 Moldova Muntenia, Oltenia and Dobrogea Transilvania 18.3 8 Grades Or Less 10 Grades / Vocational School High-School Post High-school College / University Post University One Two Three Four Five or More S 1. Could you please tell me your age in reached years? D 6. Gender D 7. What is your highest level of education attained? D 9. How many members are in your household including you? 20

» Demographics» Base: N=1120 Occupation Employer/ self employed 8.1 1.1 4.7 13.8 Manager/ director Professional 1.9 3.3 3.4 Non manual worker Marital Status Manual worker 7.2 18.5 Housewife Retired Pupil/ student Married / Living With A Partner 45.2 Single / Divorced / Widow 54.8 27.9 Unemployed Maternity leave D 8. What is your marital status? D 10. Which of the following categories represents best you currently employee form? D 11. Which of the following categories corresponds best to your currently occupation? D 12. In which of the following financial statuses are you fitting? 21

» Demographics Base: N=1120 Personal Monthly Net Income (EUR) 4.8 9.8 9.4 10.7 15.5 26.1 Monthly Net Income per Family Member (EUR) 8.7 8.2 21.4 19.0 30.8 14.0 21.5 No income Under 100 EUR Under 50 EUR 50-100 EUR 100-200 EUR 200-300 EUR 300-500 EUR More than 500 EUR 100-150 EUR 150-200 EUR Don't know/no answer 22 More than 200 EUR Don't know/no answer D 13. In which of the following categories is your monthly net income fitting? Please think at all of your income sources like your salary/ pension/ dole/ interests/ allocations/ profits coming from different business, dividends, etc. D 14. Into what of the following groups would you place the average monthly income per member of your family? Please think at all of your family members that have an income source like salary/ pension/ dole/ interests/ allocations/ profits coming from different business, dividends, etc..