Progressive Era, Imperialism, and World War 1
Section 7.1
Imperialism- a nation desires to gain more territory outside it s borders Reasons for US Imperialism: Economic growth- new people to sell to National security Manifest Destiny / Patriotism Others believed in Isolationism-It was not in the best interest of the US to expand our borders Foreign wars Focus on internal problems Should not take away other s freedoms
US wanted to control the pacific ocean for trade Purchased Alaska from Russia Took Hawaii Hawaii's Last Queen
While under Spanish rule, Cuban people rebelled Spanish army put 150,00 Cubans in concentration camps US saw an opportunity to take Cuba Newspapers published stories of Cuban suffering Yellow journalism- embellishing stories to sell papers Secretary of the NAVY Theodore Roosevelt called for war with Spain
Feb 12, 1898 the battleship USS Maine blew up in Cuba s harbor US Newspapers blamed Spain US Congress declared war Teddy Roosevelt left Washington to lead a Calvary unit The Rough Riders
Rough Riders attacked at San Juan Hill and won George Dewey led the Navy to Philippines to attack Spain at their colonies there Less than 3 months- Spain surrendered Cuba and Philippines- Treaty of Paris 1898 Known as a splendid little war
Teller Amendment to treaty- US promised to not annex Cuba US kept military on Cuba for 3 years to protect American businesses while they rebuilt the govt Platt Amendment to Cuban Constitution- Forced the Cubans to included the amendment allowing the US to have 2 Navy bases in Cuba Meanwhile- Puerto Rico and Guam both became US territories
Many Americans questioned why the US took over Philippines Anti-Imperialist League- said it was un democratic Funded by Andrew Carnegie Emilio Aguinaldo lead guerrilla fighters War lasted 2 years and was VERY violent 1901 Aguinaldo captured and Philippines' became a US territory Received independence in 1946
Teddy Roosevelt dreamed of a canal that would unite Atlantic and Pacific Oceans US asked Columbia to sell the panama territory
Panama rebelled and asked for independence US sent the army to help fight Columbia Panama wins independence and allows US to build a canal as a thank you gift US maintained ownership and control of the canal until 1999
Panama Canal- Time Lapse
T. Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary It was added to the Monroe Doctrine Said US could occupy a nation in the Western Hemisphere if they could not pay their dept Roosevelt became known for his big stick diplomacy Not open threats, but threats with a large military
Section 7.2
Progressive era- a time of political, social, and economic change Progressives- white, middle class protestants who believed things could be made better by government regulation Praise- they were people who genuinely tried to improve the lives of others and help less fortunate Criticism- they were arrogant and thought they new what was best for poor people
Ida M. Tarbell was an investigative journalist. Tarbell wrote about John D. Rockefeller's tactics and exposed how bad monopolies and trust are for American people Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle about the meat packing factories in Chicago Exposed the horrible conditions and lives of the workers
A few quotes from the book Jurgis and Ona go for a walk through their new neighborhood. The stench of rotting animal flesh and animal excrement, along with billowing smoke, fills the air. The government inspector who checks the slaughtered pigs for signs of tuberculosis often lets several carcasses go unchecked. Spoiled meat is specially doctored in secret before it is scattered among the rest of the meat in preparation for canning and packing.
Jurgis begins his job of sweeping the entrails of slaughtered cattle through trap doors. Despite the stench, he is filled with optimism because he earns a little over two dollars for twelve hours of labor. Jurgis notes that unfit meat, such as calf fetuses and animals that have died of disease, are butchered and packed with the rest of the meat.
The effect of The Jungle 1. Meat Inspection Act of 1906 declared that every animal must be inspected before and after being slaughtered and established standards for sanitation. 2. Led to the founding of the Food and Drug Administration in 1930.
Labor Reforms Women s Reforms Racial Reforms Political Reforms
Minimum age laws ( ranged between 12-16) Maximum working hours- 40 hour week Safety laws at work Must have fire escapes Extra wide doors No locked/blocked doors Must have windows A result of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Jane Adams founded the Hull House- a community center in poor neighborhoods that would help citizens Temperance Movement success 18 th Amendment passes Women s Suffrage success 19 th Amendment passes Susan B Anthony
Progressives believed segregation was good Blacks could only develop and advance in their own culture Supported Plessy v. Ferguson Court case that said segregation was legal as long as it was separate but equal W.E.B. Dubois disagreed- he felt blacks would only achieve equality by pursuing professional jobs and political power Founded the NAACP to fight for that
17 th amendment- direct election of senators by the people = more accountability Could get voted out if they did not do a good job Initiative- citizens could force a vote on an issue by signing an initiative Recall- citizens could hold a special election to vote someone out of office before their term was up Referendum- officials elected by public vote (except the president)
16 th amendment- everyone now had to pay income tax Encourage the very rich to give some money away 17 th amendment- direct election of senators 18 th amendment- alcohol now illegal 19 th amendment- women s right to vote