Population Survey Data: Evidence and lessons from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Maria Minniti Professor and L. Bantle Endowed Chair of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy UN NYC, December 2013 Graphs, charts and data included in this presentation were provided by the GEM consortium and are based on 2011 GEM data.
About GEM Co-founded by Babson College and London Business School First survey conducted in 1999 2013 survey represents GEM s 15 year Global Sponsors Babson College, USA Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia Measures individual participation in multiple phases of Also exhibits the profile of entrepreneurs Assess globally; across multiple economic development levels and geographic regions
GEM Program Objectives To measure differences in the level of entrepreneurial activity between countries To uncover factors leading to alternative levels of To identify conditions that may enhance the national level of entrepreneurial activity
GEM 2011: 54 Economies More than 80 economies have participated since 1999
From other available sources Social, Cultural, Political Context Basic requirements - Institutions - Infrastructure - Macroeconomic stability - Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers - Higher education & training - Goods market efficiency - Labor market efficiency - Financial market sophistication - Technological readiness - Market size Innovation and - Entrepreneurial finance - Government policy - Government programs - Entrepreneurship education - R&D transfer - Internal market openness - Physical infrastructure for - Commercial, legal infrastructure for - Cultural and social norms From GEM National Expert Surveys (NES) Established Firms Entrepreneurship Attitudes: Perceived opportunities Perceived capacity Activity: Opportunity-driven, Early-stage Persistence Exits Aspirations: Growth Innovation Social value creation The GEM Model Employee Entrepreneurial Activity From GEM 2011 Adult Population Surveys (APS) From GEM Adult Population Surveys (APS) National Economic Growth (Jobs and Technical Innovation)
Pakistan Algeria Bangladesh Jamaica Iran Venezuela Guatemala Russia Malaysia Hungary Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina Poland South Africa Mexico Romania Lithuania Latvia Turkey Barbados Slovakia Brazil Uruguay Thailand Argentina Panama Colombia Trinidad & Tobago Peru Chile China Slovenia Denmark Japan Germany Belgium France Sweden Spain United Arab Emirates Finland Switzerland Singapore Norway Ireland United Kingdom Portugal Czech Republic Korea Taiwan Greece Netherlands Australia United States Percentage of adult population between 18-64 years Total Entrepreneurial Activity: GEM 2011 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Factor-driven economies Efficiency-driven economies Innovation-driven economies
Pakistan Bangladesh Iran Algeria Jamaica Venezuela Guatemala Malaysia Russia Hungary Croatia Poland Bosnia and Herzegovina South Africa Turkey Lithuania Romania Slovakia Latvia Mexico Barbados Uruguay Brazil Colombia Argentina Trinidad & Tobago Peru Panama Thailand Chile China Slovenia Denmark France Japan Republic of Korea Ireland Norway Czech Republic Finland United Arab Emirates Germany Sweden Belgium Spain Portugal United Kingdom Taiwan Greece Netherlands Switzerland Singapore Australia United States Percentage of Male / Female Population 18-64 years Inclusiveness: Women s Participation in Entrepreneurship 30% Male Female 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Factor-Driven Economies Efficiency-Driven Economies Innovation-Driven Economies
Inclusiveness: Women s Participation in Entrepreneurship
Challenges and lessons learned - Sample size and representativeness - Weights - Phone penetration Cell phones Face to face - Translation and language issues - Costs issues For additional and detailed information, please go to www.gemconsortium.org