Grade 9 Geography Chapter 15 - Population 1. What are the four general ways in which the population of Canada increases and decreases? 2. What term is used to describe the difference between the level of immigration to an area and the level of emigration from an area? 3. What term is used to refer to an increase or decrease in the population due to births or deaths? What term is used to refer to the situation when there are more births than deaths in a country? when there are more deaths than births in a country? 4. Define: demography. 5. Define: birth rate; death rate. How is each value calculated? 6. Examine the latest (2006) Canadian data on the number of births and deaths. How many births occurred in Canada in 2006? How many deaths occurred in Canada in 2006? What are the birth and death rates for 2006? [Use the Births and Birth Rate data, the Deaths and Death Rate data, and the Population by Year, by Province and Territory data from Statistics Canada (see links on course website).] 7. (a) When talking about population size changes, what is meant by the natural increase (decrease) rate? What is the 2006 natural increase rate for Canada? What does the resulting number mean? [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 1 of 11
8. (a) Given the following birth, death, and population information, determine the birth rate, the death rate, the natural increase (decrease) rate, as well as the birth rate, death rate, and natural increase (decrease) rate as percentage values (fill in the table). What can you conclude about the future populations of Regions A to D, based on this information, and why? A B C D Number of births per year 390,000 200,000 50,000 600,000 Number of deaths per year 210,000 150,000 80,000 600,000 Population 30,000,000 20,000,000 5,000,000 60,000,000 Birth rate Death rate Natural increase (decrease) rate Birth rate as a % Death rate as a % Natural increase (decrease) as a % 9. Define: Immigration Rate; Emigration Rate. How is each value calculated? [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 2 of 11
10. (a) Given the following immigration, emigration, and population information, determine the immigration, emigration, and net migration rates; as well as the immigration, emigration, and net migration rates as percentage values (fill in the table). What can you conclude about the future populations of Regions A to D, based on this information, and why? Region A B C D Number of immigrants 200,000 150,000 50,000 30,000 Number of emigrants 100,000 100,000 50,000 60,000 Population 10,000,000 5,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 Immigration rate Emigration rate Net migration rate Immigration rate as a % Emigration rate as a % Net migration rate as a % 11. Define: Population growth rate. [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 3 of 11
12. Given the information in the following table, determine the population growth rate for each area. Also calculate it as a percentage value. Which region has the highest population growth rate? Which region has the lowest population growth rate? the highest population growth rate? Which regions are losing population? Region A B C D Number of births 300,000 200,000 100,000 150,000 Number of deaths 200,000 100,000 150,000 150,000 Number of immigrants 200,000 150,000 50,000 30,000 Number of emigrants 100,000 100,000 50,000 60,000 Population 10,000,000 5,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 Birth rate Death rate Natural increase (decrease) Birth rate as a % Death rate as a % Natural increase (decrease) as a % Immigration rate Emigration rate Net migration rate Immigration rate as a % Emigration rate as a % Net migration rate as a % Population growth rate Population growth rate as a % 13. Define: Compounding; doubling time. [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 4 of 11
14. Review Figure 15.3 on page 171 in the text. Why do you think the population change projections for Canada, Russia, and Togo are different? Search the library and the Internet to find information about growth rates in these countries. Use the concepts about population to guide your search. 15. What is meant by the Rule of 70? 16. (a) Using the Rule of 70, determine how long it will take each of the following regions to double the size of the population. [Use the number as it stands (e.g., 1.1); do not convert 1.1% to 0.011) in the calculations.] What do the results for Region E mean? Region Growth Rate Years to Double A 1.1% B 3.6% C 0.2% D 6.0% E - 1.5% Draw/create a line graph using growth rates from 1% to 11%, using only whole numbers, to show the number of years required to double the population at each of the 11 growth rates (rounded to whole numbers). Entitle the graph: Time Required to Double Population Based on Population Growth Rate. The horizontal dimension of the graph is labeled Growth Rate and the vertical dimension is labeled Number of Years. What can you conclude about what the graph shows? 17. (a) What are the implications with respect to the demand for food, housing, health care, education, roads, public transit and other requirements for the members of the population as the population increases? decreases? The populations of Toronto (416 telephone area code) and the 905 telephone area in the GTA are increasing, particularly the 905 population. What are the implications with respect to the infra-structure (e.g., hospitals, educational facilities, roads system, public transit, electricity) and other necessities of life for these individuals? What is the impact of the level of mobility between these two areas on this demand? 18. What are the three stages of life identified by demographers? [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 5 of 11
19. What is meant by the dependency load? 20. What was the dependency load in Canada in 1956 and in 1996? What is the nature of the change? See Figure 15.4, p. 172 - Note: The 13-19 age category in Figure 15-4 should be 15-19. Assume that the number of males and females in a given year is the same. You will need to calculate the average value for each age group, first. Add up the appropriate values for each gender and divide by 2 to get the percentage of the population at each age level. Children (0-15) Working Adults (16-64) Older Adults (65+) Dependency Load Percentage Values 1956 1996 21. What is the dependency load in Canada for 2006? How does the relative size of the 2006 Older Adults dependent group compare to the 1956 and 1996 groups? [Use the 0-14 age group for the Children group.] See the Population by Sex and Age group Statistics Canada data (see link on course website.) Percentage Values 2006 1996 1956 Children (0-14).. Working Adults (16-64).. Older Adults (65+) Dependency Load.. 22. What impact could the recent abolishment of mandatory retirement have on the dependency load? [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 6 of 11
23. (a) What is a population pyramid? While a population pyramid makes it easy to visually determine the relative standing of the different age groups, for each gender, it is easier to determine the relative standing of each age group between genders (i.e., male vs. female at each age group) using the exact numerical data presented in Figure 15-4. Examine the population pyramids and the numerical data for 1956 and 1996 together to fully understand the data. (No specific answer required. 24. Refer to Figure 15-5, p. 173, in the text. What are the 3 major changes in the population patterns of 1956 versus 1996? 25. How has the focus of society on satisfying the needs of the population changed between 1956 and 1996, given the information presented in Figure 15-5 (p. 173)? [i.e., What are the specific needs of the different age groups that are changing in relative size?] 26. Assuming that the population trends of 1996 remain constant, Figure 15-8 (p. 175) shows what the population pyramid for Canada should look like in the year 2020. However, how will better health care, the abolishment of mandatory retirement, and immigration policy favoring those who are of child-bearing age affect the dependency load and the projected 2020 population distribution for Canada? [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 7 of 11
27. Create a population pyramid using the data in Figure 15-9 (p. 176) [1881 population data]. How does it compare to the population pyramids for 1956, 1996, and 2006? [Note: It is easier creating a population pyramid using graph paper.] Canada's Population 1881 Age Male Female 70+ 2.6 2.4 65-69 1.7 1.5 60-64 2.4 2.2 55-59 2.7 2.4 50-54 3.3 3.3 45-49 4 3.9 40-44 4.5 4.5 35-39 5.3 5.4 30-34 6.1 6.2 25-29 7.7 7.9 20-24 9.8 10.3 15-19 11 11.4 10-14 12 11.8 5-9 13 13 0-4 13.9 13.8 28. Go to the following U.S. Census Bureau website and compare the population pyramids for Canada, the U.S., China, and Chad for the 2000, 2025, and 2050 time periods. What major similarities and differences do you see? [Note: The values shown in the graphs are in millions of individuals, not percentage values as shown in your textbook.] For fun, check out the data for some of the other countries, particularly, those of your ancestors. Website: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbpyr.html 29. Create a population pyramid using the 2006 data for Canada. [Use the Population by Sex and Age Group data from Statistics Canada (see link on course website).] How do these results compare to those f or 1956 and 1996, and to the projected results for 2020? [Note: The 13-19 age group shown in the diagrams and table provided in the text should be 15-19.] [Note: It is easier to create a population pyramid using graph paper.] [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 8 of 11
30. What is the nature of the population trend for Canada from 2002 to 2006? [Use the Population by Year, by Province and Territory data from Statistics Canada (see link on course website).] Year Population of Canada 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 31. What are the yearly birth and death rates for Canada from 2001 to 2006? What is the ratio of births to deaths for each year? What do the ratio results over this time period indicate? If births and deaths are the only causes of population changes, what does this mean about the population of Canada over this time period? [Use the Birth and Birth Rate, by Province and Territory and Deaths and Death Rate, by Province and Territory data from Statistics Canada (see links on course website).] Year Births Deaths Ratio of Births to Deaths 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 9 of 11
32. For 2006, what is the Natural Increase (decrease) rate for Canada? [Use the Components of Population Growth, by Province and Territory and the Population by Year, by Province and Territory data from Statistics Canada (see links on course website).] Year 2006 Births Deaths Natural Increase Population Natural Increase Rate 33. For 2006, what is the Net Migration rate for Canada? [Use the Components of Population Growth, by Province and Territory and the Population by Year, by Province and Territory data from Statistics Canada (see links on course website).] [Note: To be consistent with the text, only use the Immigration and Emigration values from the Statistics Canada data] Answer: Year 2006 Immigration Emigration Net Migration Population Net Migration Rate [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 10 of 11
34. (a) Based on the data used in Question 32 and 33, what is the Population Growth Rate for Canada in 2006? (c) Given the Natural Increase Rate and the Net Migration Rate for 2006, how would you describe the way in which the size of the population of Canada is changing? What is the Population Growth Rate as a Percentage? Year 2006 Natural Increase Rate Net Migration Rate (a) Population Growth Rate (c) Population Growth Rate as a Percentage 35. Using the 1851-2001 Population and Growth Components data from Statistics Canada (see link on course website), determine the Natural Increase rate, the Net Migration rate, and the Population Growth Rate for each identified 10-year time period. Calculate the percentage rate for each of these values, as well. [Doing the calculations in a spreadsheet makes this task a lot easier.] Create a line graph that includes the Natural Increase Rate, the Net Migration Rate, and the Population Growth Rate in the single graph. Explain your findings for each of the three concepts. Do you know what events in history contributed to some of the drastic changes shown in the data (examine your spreadsheet and the graph of the data to identify the major changes in the data). Note: The data in the 1851-2001 Population and Growth Components table shows the population information for every 10-year period from 1851 to 1951; after that, the data is presented for every 5-year period. When answering this question, add the values for each 5-year period that applies to a given decade (e.g., 1951-1956 and 1956-1961), to get the values for the respective 10-year period (e.g., 1951-1961) (i.e, add the data for Births, Deaths, Immigration, and Emigration). Also, for each decade from 1951, onward, use the Total Population data listed for the second 5-year period listed for each decade (e.g., for the 1951-1961 period, use 18,236,000 for the population of this period [geog9c15-population-ay67-handout-q-v01.wpd] Page 11 of 11