Chapter 39
Productivity slows (many guesses why?) Gov t spending, war, oil, Great Society, etc. Foreign companies dominate U.S. companies
Nixon plans gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops Doves want immediate withdrawal Nixon Doctrine U.S. will honor future commitments w/o as many troops My Lai - U.S. troops massacre village ( 68)
Nixon orders elimination of Viet Cong in Cambodia (April 1970) College protests turn violent Kent State, Jackson State Nixon orders troops out of Cambodia (June) War splits nation (rich/poor, white/black, hawks / doves ) Senate revokes Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Draft lowered 26 th Amendment lowers voting age to 18
Play China & USSR against each other Henry Kissinger (Sec of State) Nixon visits China Acknowledges China & normalizes relations Détente w/ USSR ABM & SALT treaties (build MIRVs instead) U.S. involved in Chile (Allende & Pinochet)
Warren Court (Very liberal) Engel v. Vitale (1962) Separation of church & state (required prayer) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Accused entitled to legal counsel Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) Right to remain silent Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) State cannot prohibit contraceptives Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Rights must be made known Burger Court (Reluctant to make changes) Roe v. Wade (1973) Legalized abortion
Expanded welfare systems Philadelphia Plan quotas for hiring blacks SC supports - Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971) Opened opportunities & protest EPA & OSHA ( 70) Clean Air Act of 1970 Battle inflation 71 90 day price & wage freeze Took U.S. over gold standard Backed off civil rights to appeal to southern voters (white)
Nixon bombs N Vietnam D McGovern, R Nixon McGovern vows to pull out of Vietnam Nixon promised swift peace New voters 18-21 don t register Nixon crushes McGovern Jan 1973 Cease-fire declared in Vietnam Peace with honor
U.S. continues to bomb Cambodia U.S. proclaims leaving Cambodia alone War Powers Act ( 73) President must report to Congress within 48 hours of committing troops Would end within 60 days w/o Congressional approval New Isolationism
Attacks on Israel (U.S. supports Israel) OPEC embargos oil to U.S. ( 74) U.S. responds to energy crisis Alaska pipeline, speed limit, etc.
June 17, 1972 5 men break into Watergate Hotel (D headquarters) Worked for CREEP ( dirty tricks ) VP Agnew resigns (Gerald Ford replaces) Nixon denies knowledge of Watergate Accused of obstructing justice White House taping system revealed Nixon ordered to turn over tapes Saturday Night Massacre (Oct 20, 1973) Nixon turns over edited tapes SC rules executive privilege does not relate to evidence Aug 8, 1974 Nixon Resigns
Ford grants complete pardon to Nixon Casts shadow on Ford Continues distrust of gov t Helsinki Conference Continues détente w/ USSR
S Vietnam falls (U.S. refuses to help) Remaining troops & S Vietnamese evacuated
72 - Title IX (ends sex discrimination in education) Equal Rights Amendment Not ratified SC challenges sex discrimination Roe v. Wade (1973) Legalizes abortion Nixon vetoes public day care
Milliken v. Bradley (1974) Desegregation cannot pass district lines Inner city vs. suburb Bakke v. University of California (1978) UC sued for reverse discrimination SC deems Indians possess unique & limited sovereignty
D Jimmy Carter, R Gerald Ford Carter pledges clean gov t Carter wins (weak presidency)
Negotiates peace between Egypt & Israel Re-opens relations w/ China Negotiates return of Panama Canal
Inflation, debt, & interest rates rise dramatically U.S. realizes reliance on foreign oil Iran denounces U.S. & interference Carter accuses country of moral & spiritual crisis & relying too much on material goods
SALT II Carter & Brezhnev meet to increase treaties Undone by Middle East problems Iranians capture Americans from embassy USSR invades Afghanistan U.S. boycotts 1980 Olympics (Moscow) Carter unsuccessfully tries to end Iranian hostage crisis