Unit 10: Modern Georgia SS8H12
Unit Focus The student will understand how various social, economic, and political changes have impacted life in Georgia since 1970. Students will discover ways that our economy is driven by production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Students will evaluate the relevance and impact of the movement and migration of non-english speaking people into our state. They will also learn that as our society has become more complex, our governance has become more complex.
THE BIG IDEA (Unit 10) SS8H12: The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic, and political developments in Georgia since 1970. Explain- to make understandable, to spell out; illustrate, interpret
SS8H12a One Man, One Vote SS8H12a: Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment. Evaluate: to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge assess
County Unit System Recall the county unit system Established in 1917, the county unit system allotted votes in statewide elections by county classification but was disproportionate to actual population Gave political power to the rural counties and kept Democrats in power Unfair because SS8H12a While rural counties made up 30% of the population or less, they had 59% of the voting power for statewide elected positions
The County Unit System SS8H7a M.E. Thompson - 1954 County Unit system allowed rural counties to control GA politics with little power for cities like Atlanta Informally started in 1898 Formally instituted in 1917 Votes were allotted by county In use until outlawed in 1960 s Camden County voting in the 1960 s Griffith-Georgia Studies Why did GA Democrats care so much about keeping the County Unit System?
The County Unit System SS8H7a Griffith-Georgia Studies
End of the County Unit System SS8H12a Argument: Rural counties had control which diluted the vote of more liberal urban voters and of blacks who lived in the more heavily populated areas Case: 1962 Gray vs. Sanders : James Sanders sued James Gray (head of Dem. Party) saying his vote was worth less than others Judge/Decision: Judge Griffin Bell headed a panel that ruled that the system was invalid and must be redesigned in a way that gives every vote equal weight
Reapportionment SS8H12a Before Reapportionment: each county had at least one state representative giving rural counties control of the state legislature. Court Case: Reynolds v. Sims in 1964 U.S. Supreme court ruled that legislative districts must be drawn solely based on population. Effects: Since more Georgians lived in urban areas they gained power while rural areas lost power in the state legislature
SS8H12a End of the County Unit System Discussion: Can you answer the EQ now??? (Governance) Essential Question: What was the effect of the end of the county unit system?
SS8H12b - Jimmy Carter SS8H12b: Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president. Describe- to represent or give and account of in words; recount, report
Jimmy Carter SS8H12b James Earl Carter Jr. Born 10/1/1924 in Plains, GA State Senator, GA Governor Only Georgian to serve as President 39 th President of United States (1977-1981) Show: Peanut Farmer clip
Jimmy Carter- Early Life SS8H12b Family farm in Archery near Plains, GA. His father was a merchant, his mother was a registered nurse Avid Reader Colleges: Attended GA Southwestern College, GA Tech, then admitted to U.S. Naval Academy Carter s father died in 1953 and he left the Navy to go home and run the family business
Carter s Boyhood Home Now a National Historic Site, President Carter s Boyhood home is in the community of Archery near Plains, GA.
Jimmy Carter- State Senator After reviving family business Carter became involved in local politics Served on local school board, hospital authority 1 st elected to state senate in 1962 where he served 2 terms and was on the education committee SS8H12b
Jimmy Carter- Governor of GA SS8H12b Elected Governor in 1970 and in his inaugural address called for an end to racial discrimination Reorganized state government through a process he called Modernization As governor he eliminated unneeded positions, saved GA money, and appointed many women and minorities to government positions
Jimmy Carter- President Approach: SS8H12b Pledged to be honest Emphasized peace and human rights Camp David Accords Peace between Israel and Egypt which was negotiated by President Carter while at Camp David Problems plagued his presidency Oil Embargo Iranian Hostage crisis High Interest Rates Show: Do it Yourself clip
The Carter Presidency: Arab Oil Embargo SS8H12b During the embargo, which began in 1973, OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) limited supplies of oil and controlled prices. Effects: led to gas shortages, high prices, inflation and overall economic damage
The Carter Presidency: Iranian Hostage Crisis November 1979, had been a change in power in Iran The former Shah became sick and the U.S. allowed him to come over for treatment Young Islamic revolutionaries overtook the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran and took hostages Ayatollah Khomeini (new leader) supported the radicals Carter tried unsuccessfully to negotiate the release of the hostages Iranians released the hostages minutes after Reagan was inaugurated. (444 Days) SS8H12b
Jimmy Carter- Past President G.S. Since the Presidency: Authored several books Established The Carter Center in Atlanta, GA Promoted human rights Worked to resolve International conflicts Active volunteer for Habitat for Humanity Regularly teaches Sunday School at Maranatha Baptist Church SS8H12b
Jimmy Carter Nobel Peace Prize SS8H12b In 2002 President Jimmy Carter won the Nobel Peace Prize for his continued peace efforts and his unwavering support for human rights Only 2 winners from Georgia: President Carter and MLK Jr.
SS8H12b Jimmy Carter Discussion: Can you answer the EQ now??? (Individuals, groups, and institutions) Essential Question: How has the life and political career of Jimmy Carter impacted the state? How has the life and political career of Jimmy Carter impacted the nation and world?
SS8H12c - 2 Party System SS8H12c: Analyze the impact of the rise of the two-party system in Georgia. Analyze- to divide a complex idea into parts or elements; dissect, break down
2 Party System in GA SS8H12c Political Parties are organizations that seek to elect their members to public office. The goal of the party is to control the government by winning elections 2 main political parties: Democrats and Republicans In Primary elections Voters select the person who will represent the party in the general election Primaries are open to members of both parties You may only vote in one party primary
Political Trends in Georgia SS8H12c After the civil war in Georgia politics was dominated by the Democratic Party Over the past several GA has moved from a 1 Party to a 2 Party state. Factors in this change: 1. End of the county unit system 2. Reapportionment 3. GA shifted in 1960 s away from Democratic party b/c of their support for the civil rights movement
GA Politicians: Julian Bond Democrat State H.O.R. 1967-1974 State Senate 1975-1986 He was denied his spot in the GA House of Representative due to his position on Vietnam U.S. Supreme court ruled in his favor and he was given his seat. Civil rights leader SS8H12c
GA Politicians: George Busbee Democrat Lawyer from Albany GA House of Rep. (1956-1974) Governor of GA (1975-1983) High priority on Education Created state-funded Kindergarten Revised 1945 Constitution in 1982 SS8H12c
GA Politicians: Sam Nunn SS8H12c Democrat Served in U.S. Senate from 1972-1996 Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Life long campaign to stop nuclear weapons & other WMD
GA Politicians: Joe Frank Harris Democrat From Cartersville State H.O.R. (1964-1973) Governor of GA (1983-1991) Stressed Economic development Created Quality Based Education Improved funding for public education Increased teacher salaries Helped bring Olympics to Atlanta SS8H12c
GA Politicians: Zell Miller SS8H12c Conservative Democrat Teacher at Young Harris College in Young Harris, GA State Senator (1959-1963) Lt. Governor (1975-1991) GA governor (1991-1999) Georgia Lottery Pre-K, HOPE U.S. Senator 2000-2005 Filled in for deceased Paul Coverdell Conservative
GA Politicians: Newt Gingrich SS8H12c Republican Emory, Tulane (Ph.D.) U.S. House of Representatives (1978-1999) Speaker of the House (1995-1999) Political enemies with President Clinton 2012 run for President Teacher at West GA, KSU, Reinhardt Authored several books
Gingrich s fall from power In 1995 Clinton and Gingrich were in disagreement over the budget (Medicare) The disagreement came to the point of a political standoff On the way to Yitzhak Rabin s funeral in Israel (both Clinton and Gingrich were on plane) Gingrich complained that Clinton would not discuss the matter on the plane and made him exit at the rear door Gingrich soon forced a government shutdown over the budget disagreement and suggested that it was because of his personal grievance with Clinton Gingrich was largely discredited because of this statement
GA Politicians: Roy Barnes Democrat State Senate (1974-1990) GA State House (1992-1998) GA Governor (1999-2003) Education reform Changing of flag SS8H12c
GA Politicians: Sonny Perdue From Houston County State Senate (1990-2001) Changed from Democrat to Republican in 1998 GA Governor (2003-2011) 1 st Republican governor since Reconstruction SS8H12c
SS8H12c 2 Party System Discussion: Can you answer the EQ now??? (Governance) Essential Question: What is the difference between the one and two party system in Georgia and how did the rise of the latter impact Georgia? How has reapportionment affected the power of political parties in Georgia?
SS8H12d - 1996 Olympics SS8H12d: Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia. Evaluate: to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge assess
Planning for the Olympics SS8H12d Planning began with Billy Payne and Atlanta mayor Andrew Young in 1987 Atlanta was selected for the games in 1990 Intense preparation 7500 Hotel Rooms added Sporting venues built and enlarged Sidewalks, trees, and lighting projects in ATL Olympic Village Olympic Stadium Centennial Olympic Park
1996 Centennial Olympic Games SS8H12d Games lasted from July 19 - August 4 197 different nations, 26 sports Events spread across the Atlanta area Boxing @ Tech (AMC) River events in N. GA Rowing @ Lake Lanier July 27 th : Pipe Bomb exploded at a concert in Centennial Olympic Park- 2 died
1996 Centennial Olympic Games SS8H12d Georgia Tech Aquatic Center
1996 Centennial Olympic Games SS8H12d Boxing event at Alexander Memorial Coliseum
Legacy of the Olympic Games G.S. SS8H12d Games seen as successful, All time high attendance Brought $ to the state New Venues Olympic Stadium/ Turner Field Centennial Olympic Park Low income housing changed to apartments/dorms Boosted tourism for years to come
SS8H12d 1996 Olympics Discussion: Can you answer the EQ now??? (Production, Distribution, Consumption ) Essential Question: How did the 1996 Olympics affect the city and state?
SS8H12e New Immigrants SS8H12e: Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia. Evaluate: to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge assess
Population Growth/Immigration SS8H12e Factors for Population Growth Good climate Good jobs Low cost of living Hispanic Immigrants In the 1990 s GA s Hispanic pop. Tripled Fastest growing culture in the state Immigrants coming to GA for work Crop harvesting, carpet manufacturing, poultry processing, construction, landscaping, etc. G.S.
Population Growth/Immigration SS8H12e
Issues: Immigration Issues SS8H12e Illegal immigrants have children (born in U.S.) who are legal citizens Problems: Strain on the state education system Strain on Emergency rooms Solutions: E-Verify: Many companies/agencies use to confirm citizenship Senate Bill 87 passed in 2011 allows law enforcement to ask about immigration status when investigating and punishes those who use fake ID to get jobs
SS8H12e New Immigrants Discussion: Can you answer the EQ now??? (Movement and Migration) Essential Question: What is the impact of immigration on our state? Why has the population of Georgia increased at a more dramatic rate when compared to other states and regions?
In your interactive notebook: Pick one of the following events/people and evaluate the effect that the person/event had on Georgia. Modern Georgia SS8H12 Evaluate: to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge, assess Griffith-Georgia Studies
Modern Georgia New Immigrants 2 Party System Jimmy Carter Changing Times for Modern GA 1996 Olympics County Unit System Ends In your interactive notebook: Pick one of the following events/people and evaluate the effect that the person/event had on Georgia. Evaluate: to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge, assess