KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES

Name: Class: _ Date: _ Chapter 08 Packet Matching IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items. a. steerage b. ghetto c. political machine d. social gospel movement e. laissez faire f. Munn v. Illinois g. blue laws h. quarantine i. Chinese Exclusion Act j. suburb k. Pendleton Civil Service Act 1. hands-off approach by government on business matters 2. local regulations that prohibit private activities such as drinking alcoholic beverages on Sundays 3. legislation to reform the spoils system 4. large open area beneath a ship s deck in which most immigrants traveled 5. residential community near a city 6. section of cities in which certain ethnic and racial groups live 7. unofficial organization designed to keep a particular party or group in power 8. reform campaign that tried to apply the teachings of Jesus Christ directly to society IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items. a. political machines b. laissez faire c. restrictive covenants d. Gilded Age e. subsidies f. social gospel movement g. blue laws h. aliens i. quarantine j. steerage k. ghettos 9. A government that practices plays a very limited role in business. 10. American railroad companies accepted from the government to help them develop their industries. 11. During the Gilded Age, Republicans wanted to enforce, which prohibited certain private activities, like drinking alcoholic beverages on Sunday. 12. Most immigrants traveled in as they crossed the Atlantic to America. 1

Name: 13. Immigrants were placed in if they were thought to carry a contagious disease. 14. Some urban areas became, home to certain ethnic and racial groups. 15. Sometimes homeowners made agreements called promising that they would not sell real estate to certain groups. 16. The sought to apply the teachings of Jesus Christ directly to society. KEY TERMS Match each term with its description below. a. laissez faire b. subsidy c. Pendleton Civil Service Act d. Munn v. Illinois 17. created Civil Service Commission to classify government jobs 18. government payment to develop certain key industries 19. limited government role in economic matters 20. allowed states to regulate businesses within their borders KEY TERMS Match each term with its description below. a. suburbs b. tenements c. graft d. political machine 21. organization designed to keep a particular group in power, usually headed by a boss 22. residential communities surrounding a city 23. cheap apartment buildings often crammed with people 24. the use of one s job to gain profit Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS 25. Which of the following best describes key positions held by the Republican Party in the Gilded Age? a. free silver, high immigration, and low tariffs b. gold standard, high tariffs, and limits on immigration c. free silver and fewer blue laws d. no government aid to railroads and no blue laws 26. Which of the following best describes key positions held by the Democratic Party in the Gilded Age? a. enforcement of blue laws and higher tariffs b. gold standard and strict limits on immigration c. increased money supply, lower tariffs, and higher farm prices d. pensions for Union soldiers and more government aid to railroads 2

Name: 27. Which of the following led to government regulation of businesses during the Gilded Age? a. declining business profits b. unfair business practices c. high tariffs d. increased factory and farm production 28. During the late 1800s, the port of entry for the majority of immigrants was a. Boston. b. San Francisco. c. Philadelphia. d. New York City. 29. What attracted many Asians to the United States in the late 1800s? a. repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act b. the desire for free land c. jobs with American railroad companies d. the Gentlemen s Agreement 30. President Theodore Roosevelt reached the Gentlemen s Agreement in 1907, with the goal of a. ending all Japanese immigration to the United States. b. encouraging Chinese immigration to the United States. c. slowing the immigration of Japanese laborers. d. banning Asians from owning farmland. 31. Which of the following was a major result of both immigration and the increased productivity of factory jobs in the late 1800s? a. the rapid expansion of urban areas b. mechanization of agriculture c. high wages for factory workers d. overpopulation of the South 32. Why did many immigrants support city political machines? a. Political machines were free of corruption. b. Political machines provided them with jobs. c. Political machines put powerful bosses out of business. d. Political machines fought against crime in the slums. 33. Prohibitionists and purity crusaders shared the goal of a. making charity scientific. b. redistributing the nation s wealth. c. ending immigration from Asia. d. improving the personal behavior of individuals. 34. Which best describes the main goal of the social gospel and settlement movements? a. to improve living conditions for the poor b. to strengthen political machines c. to encourage immigration d. to create jobs for the unemployed 35. During the Gilded Age, Republicans and Democrats held differing views on a. establishing a state religion. b. the gold standard and government aid to business. c. the development of suburbs. d. repealing the Interstate Commerce Act of 1877. 3

Name: 36. The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to a. place additional regulation on the b. end Japanese immigration to the United States. c. end the spoils system. d. print money backed by silver rather than gold. 37. In 1894, Coxey s army marched on Washington, D.C., with the demand that the government a. protect union organizers. b. return the country to the gold standard. c. maintain its laissez faire attitude. d. create jobs for the unemployed. 38. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, immigration laws discriminated most against a. Asians. b. Europeans. c. agricultural workers. d. Mexicans. 39. In the 1890s, immigration patterns shifted dramatically, with most immigrants now coming from a. northern European countries. b. southern and eastern European countries. c. Mexico and Central America. d. China and Japan. 40. One reason that the United States became more urban during the late 1800s is that a. farm machines and factory-made goods reduced the need for farm labor. b. nobody wanted to live on farms anymore. c. immigrants did not know how to do farm work. d. union organizing of farm workers had not yet begun. 41. One of the reasons that political machines gained power in the late 1800s was that they a. advocated political reform. b. refused to accept graft as part of their income. c. provided jobs and other help for immigrants. d. provided for the needs of the suburbs. 42. The main objective of the nativists was to a. repeal laws that restricted immigration. b. help immigrants adjust to American culture. c. build tenement apartments for immigrants. d. restrict immigration. 43. Prohibitionists and purity crusaders both a. promoted political machines. b. opposed government intervention in citizens daily lives. c. sought to rid society of behavior they thought immoral. d. worked to end discrimination against immigrants. 44. Most settlement houses of the late 1800s offered poor city dwellers a. aid in the form of money. b. social services. c. protection from crime. d. protection from political machines. 4

Name: 45. The post-reconstruction era was marked by a. unlimited immigration. b. the assassination of two Presidents. c. industrial productivity. d. corruption in business and government. 46. One example of government s trying to help American business was a. high tariffs. b. patronage. c. blue laws. d. Munn v. Illinois. 47. In the late 1800s, the Republican Party favored a. a silver-based currency and open immigration. b. a tight money supply, high tariffs, and government aid to c. low tariffs, aid to farmers, and higher farm prices. d. limits on soldiers pensions and an end to the gold standard. 48. The Interstate Commerce Act outlawed the railroads practice of a. charging equally for long and short hauls. b. giving special rates to powerful customers. c. favoring Stalwarts over Half-Breeds. d. bribing the Interstate Commerce Commission. 49. Jacob S. Coxey led a march on Washington to demand a. an end to the railroad monopoly. b. better treatment of Mugwumps. c. jobs for the unemployed. d. honesty in American politics. 50. Which of the following attracted many immigrants to the United States? a. the military draft b. strong alien land laws c. a chance at a better life d. labor unions 51. How did the pattern of European immigration shift in 1890? a. from Jewish to Catholic Europeans b. from northern to southern, western, and eastern Europeans c. from eastern to southern Europeans d. from eastern to western Europeans 52. Where did European immigrants often settle in the United States? a. in western railroad towns b. in their ports of entry c. in the South d. near lakes 53. What first attracted the Chinese to the United States? a. repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act b. the ideals of political equality c. the desire for free land d. recruitment by railroad companies 5

Name: 54. How were Asians regarded by many white Americans? a. with suspicion and hostility b. with respect and admiration c. as productive farmers d. as good neighbors 55. What development led to the first wave of Mexican immigration in the early 1900s? a. irrigation of southwestern lands b. lower steamship rates c. the founding of Los Angeles d. the building of a railroad through Texas 56. What typically led an immigrant to achieve success in America? a. improved medical care b. welfare and social service programs c. determination and hard work d. high wages won by labor unions 57. Which of the following contributed to the migration from farms to cities in the late 1800s? a. streetcars b. a sharp decline in the need for farm labor c. cheap housing d. decreased demand for agricultural products 58. When African Americans left southern farms in the late 1800s, where did they relocate? a. in western mining towns b. in Mexican border towns c. in nearby cities d. in suburbs 59. Which of the following did not contribute to the growth of cities? a. migration to the suburbs b. improvements in transportation c. construction of skyscrapers d. immigration 60. Which of the following best characterizes urban areas by the early 1900s? a. slums and tenements b. a growing middle-class population c. open spaces, trees, and grass d. ethnically mixed neighborhoods 61. Which of the following resulted from rapid urbanization? a. increased racial violence against African Americans b. better medical care for factory workers c. a more even distribution of wealth among urban residents d. a widening gap between rich and poor 62. What powerful position did William Marcy Tweed hold? a. head of the U.S. Immigration Bureau b. governor of New York State c. New York City s Democratic Party boss d. a political cartoonist in Cincinnati 6

Name: 63. Nativist groups such as the American Protective Association supported a. the Comstock Law. b. the social gospel movement. c. immigration from southern and eastern Europe. d. the teaching of only American culture in schools. 64. Prohibition groups saw a link between drinking and a. abuses by big business. b. lower public morals. c. anti-asian feelings. d. high tariffs. 65. Purity crusaders wanted to rid their communities of a. ethnic neighborhoods. b. industrial pollution. c. vice. d. aggressive political campaigns. 66. Reformers who tried to solve social problems by helping the needy believed that a. immoral behavior should be punished by deportation. b. stricter laws were needed to discourage unacceptable behavior. c. prosperous Americans should lead reform efforts. d. the cultures of immigrant groups should be respected. 67. The Charity Organization Society provided the poor with a. advice and assistance. b. help preserving their cultural differences. c. weekly cash payments. d. office jobs. 68. Idealists in the settlement movement believed that social workers should a. be members of the lower class. b. make charity a scientific enterprise. c. have a northern European background. d. live in poor neighborhoods. 69. The typical staff member of a settlement house a. spent many years at this job. b. worked for little or no pay. c. believed in nativism. d. believed in prohibition. Essay CRITICAL THINKING 70. Distinguishing False From Accurate Images Many immigrants who came to the United States expected to find streets paved with gold and easy opportunities to make their fortunes. Write a brief description of what they were more likely to find. 71. Testing Conclusions As you read, Mark Twain labeled the years from 1877 to 1900 the Gilded Age, implying that American society was a thin layer of glitter over a cheap base. Identify and explain one example that might support Twain s conclusion. 7

Name: 72. Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment Imagine that you are a young immigrant living and working in the United States in the 1890s. You hear from a friend from your hometown saying that she and her family are about to emigrate, too. What are two important things you would tell her about life as an immigrant in the United States? 73. Recognizing Ideologies On the issue of immigrants, compare the attitude of a nativist with that of a settlement house worker. 8

Chapter 08 Packet Answer Section MATCHING 1. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 291 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Economics, Laissez faire 2. ANS: G DIF: Average REF: 292 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Spoils system, Blue laws 3. ANS: K DIF: Average REF: 293 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Spoils system 4. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 298 OBJ: 8.2.1 5. ANS: J DIF: Easy REF: 305 OBJ: 8.3.1 TOP: Geography, Cities NOT: 8.3.1 Find out why cities expanded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 6. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 300 OBJ: 8.2.2 TOP: Cities, Immigrants 7. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 308 OBJ: 8.3.4 TOP: Political machine NOT: 8.3.4 State the results of city growth. 8. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 312 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Social gospel movement 9. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 291 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Economics, Laissez faire 10. ANS: E DIF: Average REF: 291 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Railroads, Government subsidies 11. ANS: G DIF: Average REF: 292 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Gilded Age, Prohibition 12. ANS: J DIF: Easy REF: 298 OBJ: 8.2.1 13. ANS: I DIF: Easy REF: 299 OBJ: 8.2.1 1

14. ANS: K DIF: Easy REF: 300 OBJ: 8.2.2 TOP: Cities, Immigration 15. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 301 OBJ: 8.2.2 TOP: Cities 16. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: 312 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Social gospel movement 17. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 293 OBJ: 8.1.3 TOP: Pendleton Civil Service Act, Government jobs NOT: 8.1.3. Discover the effect the transition from depression to prosperity had on politics in the 1890s. 18. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 291 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Government subsidies 19. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 291 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Laissez faire 20. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 294 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Government business regulation 21. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 308 OBJ: 8.3.4 TOP: Politics NOT: 8.3.4 State the results of city growth. 22. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 305 OBJ: 8.3.1 TOP: Expansion NOT: 8.3.1 Find out why cities expanded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 23. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 306 OBJ: 8.3.3 TOP: Expansion NOT: 8.3.3 Learn how living conditions in cities changed. 24. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 309 OBJ: 8.3.4 TOP: Corruption, Graft NOT: 8.3.4 State the results of city growth. MULTIPLE CHOICE 25. ANS: B DIF: Challenging REF: 292 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Gilded Age, Spoils system 26. ANS: C DIF: Challenging REF: 292 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Gilded Age, Spoils system 27. ANS: B DIF: Challenging REF: 293 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Gilded Age, Spoils system 2

28. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 299 OBJ: 8.2.1, Geography 29. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 301 OBJ: 8.2.2 TOP: Asian immigration 30. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 302 OBJ: 8.2.2 TOP: Asian immigration 31. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 304 306 OBJ: 8.3.1, Cities NOT: 8.3.1 Find out why cities expanded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 32. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 308 OBJ: 8.3.4 TOP: Political machine NOT: 8.3.4 State the results of city growth. 33. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 314 315 OBJ: 8.4.2 TOP: Prohibitionists, Purity NOT: 8.4.2 Learn how and where sociology developed. 34. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 312 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Social gospel movement, Settlement movement 35. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 292 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Gilded Age, Spoils system 36. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 293 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Pendleton Civil Service Act, Spoils system 37. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 295 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Populist 38. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 297 303 OBJ: 8.2.2 TOP: Asian immigration 39. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 301 302 OBJ: 8.2.2, Population 40. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 304 306 OBJ: 8.3.1 TOP: Cities, Manufacturing NOT: 8.3.1 Find out why cities expanded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 41. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 308 OBJ: 8.3.4 TOP: Political machine NOT: 8.3.4 State the results of city growth. 42. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 314 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Nativists, Immigration 3

43. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 314 315 OBJ: 8.4.3 TOP: Prohibitionists, Purity crusaders NOT: 8.4.3 Examine efforts to control immigration and personal behavior in the late 1800s. 44. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 312 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Settlement movement, Cities 45. ANS: D DIF: Average REF: 290 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Gilded Age, Spoils system 46. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 292 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Tariffs, Government business regulation 47. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 292 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Government business regulation, Republican Party 48. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 295 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Interstate Commerce Act, Railroads 49. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 295 OBJ: 8.1.2 TOP: Interstate Commerce Act, Railroads 50. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 298 OBJ: 8.2.1 51. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 299 OBJ: 8.2.2 52. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 299 OBJ: 8.2.1 53. ANS: D DIF: Average REF: 301 OBJ: 8.2.2 54. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 301 OBJ: 8.2.2 55. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 302 303 OBJ: 8.2.2 56. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 297 303 OBJ: 8.2.1 4

ESSAY 57. ANS: B DIF: Average REF: 305 OBJ: 8.3.1, Cities NOT: 8.3.1 Find out why cities expanded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 58. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 305 OBJ: 8.3.1 TOP: African American migration, Cities NOT: 8.3.1 Find out why cities expanded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. 59. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 305 306 OBJ: 8.3.2 TOP: Cities, Expansion NOT: 8.3.2 Review new developments that helped cities grow. 60. ANS: A DIF: Average REF: 307 308 OBJ: 8.3.3 TOP: Cities, Expansion NOT: 8.3.3 Learn how living conditions in cities changed. 61. ANS: D DIF: Average REF: 308 OBJ: 8.3.4 TOP: Cities, Expansion, Economics NOT: 8.3.4 State the results of city growth. 62. ANS: C DIF: Average REF: 309 OBJ: 8.3.4 TOP: Cities, Politics, Boss Tweed NOT: 8.3.4 State the results of city growth. 63. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 314 OBJ: 8.4.3 TOP: Reform NOT: 8.4.3 Examine efforts to control immigration and personal behavior in the late 1800s. 64. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 314 315 OBJ: 8.4.2 TOP: Reform NOT: 8.4.2 Learn how and where sociology developed. 65. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 315 OBJ: 8.4.3 TOP: Reform NOT: 8.4.3 Examine efforts to control immigration and personal behavior in the late 1800s. 66. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 311 312 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Reform 67. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 312 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Reform 68. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 312 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Reform 69. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 313 OBJ: 8.4.1 TOP: Reform 70. ANS: Life was difficult for most immigrants. They were likely to live in dirty, overcrowded tenements. Many worked long hours for low wages, in poor working conditions. On the other hand, most immigrants enjoyed more personal and political freedom than they had at home. DIF: Average REF: 297 303 OBJ: 8.2.1 5

71. ANS: Mark Twain s thin layer of glitter referred to the prosperity enjoyed by only a small segment of society. His cheap base referred to problems throughout society, including corruption in government, unfair business practices, the increasing gap between rich and poor, discrimination against immigrants, poor living conditions, and unsafe working conditions. DIF: Challenging REF: 290 296 OBJ: 8.1.1 TOP: Gilded Age 72. ANS: Any two: She will enjoy personal and political freedoms; with hard work, she may achieve a better life than she had back home; expect to find low wages; be prepared for hostility and discrimination; and be prepared for overcrowded living conditions. DIF: Easy REF: 297 303 OBJ: 8.2.1 73. ANS: Nativists believed that immigrants were bad for the country. They sought to restrict immigration. Settlement house workers believed that poor immigrants should be made to feel welcome in the community and should be helped to adapt to American life and culture. DIF: Challenging REF: 311 315 OBJ: 8.4.1, 8.4.3, Nativist, Settlement movement NOT: 8.4.1 Study the ways in which different movements helped the needy; 8.4.3 Examine efforts to control immigration and personal behavior in the late 1800s. 6