World History and Geography: 1500 A.D. to the Present

World History and Geography: 1500 A.D. to the Present These standards enable students to cover history and geography from 1500 A.D. to the present, with emphasis on Western Europe. Geographic influences on history continue to be explored, but increasing attention is given to political boundaries that developed with the evolution of nations. Significant attention will be given to the ways in which scientific and technological revolutions created new economic conditions that in turn produced social and political changes. Noteworthy people and events of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries will be emphasized for their strong connections to contemporary issues. The study of history rests on knowledge of dates, names, places, events and ideas. Historical understanding, however, requires students to engage in historical thinking, to raise questions and to marshal evidence in support of their answers. Students engaged in historical thinking draw upon chronological thinking, historical comprehension, historical analysis and interpretation, historical research, and decision-making. These skills are developed through the study of significant historical substance from the era or society that is being studied. WHII.1 The student will improve skills in historical research and geographical analysis by a) identifying, analyzing, and interpreting primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about events and life in world history since 1500 A.D.; Modern World History Resource Center includes thousands of primary and secondary source materials indexed to key Modern World History topics. Students can access these materials through a variety of search paths and can use the materials to build researchbased presentations. In addition, Modern World History Resource Center includes a Student Research Guide, which defines Primary and Secondary sources and indicates how each can be used when researching a particular topic. b) using maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past since 1500 A.D.; Modern World History Resource Center includes thousands of primary and secondary source materials indexed to key World History topics. Search results include maps and other images. In addition, by searching for the subject Maps, and following its topic tree, students have instant access to a variety of maps, including atlases, military maps, road maps, statistical maps, topographic maps, etc. c) identifying geographic features important to the study of world history since 1500 A.D.; Identify and describe regions of historical significance Subject Search: Historical Geography, Historic Sites, Indus River, Nile River, Tigris River, Euphrates River, Yellow (Huang He) River, Indus Valley Civilization Page 1 of 19

Impact of geographic factors on historical events Subject Search: Economic Geography, Historical Geography, Human Geography, Linguistic Geography, Physical Geography, Suez Canal, International Trade, Imperialism, World War I, World War II d) identifying and comparing political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms from 1500 A.D. to the present; Subject Search: Historical Patterns, Historical Associations, Historical Philosophy, Multiculturalism, Cross Cultural Studies, Culture, Ethnic Identity, Ethnicity, Arts, Intellectual Life, Industrialization, Globalization e) analyzing trends in human migration and cultural interaction from 1500 A.D. to the present. Changes in demographic patterns due to migration Subject Search: Emigration and Immigration, Internal Migration, Internal Migration Commission, Forced Migration, Residential Mobility, Rural Urban Migration, Urban Rural Migration, Westward Expansion, Demography Changes in demographic patterns due to immigration Subject Search: Emigration and Immigration, Brain Drain, Population Transfers, Ellis Island Immigration Station, Expatriation, Freedom of Movement, Immigrants, Immigration Law, Land Settlement, Population Geography, Demographics and Immigration Spread of invention and discovery across cultures Subject Search: Technology, Technology Transfer, Diffusion of Innovations, History of Technology, Technology and Civilization, Technology and State, Technology and War WHII.2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the political, cultural, and economic conditions in the world about 1500 A.D. by a) locating major states and empires; European expansion at the beginning of the 16th century Subject Search: European Expansion, Imperialism, British Imperialism, Colonialism, Belgian Colonialism, British Colonialism, Dutch Colonialism, French Colonialism, German Colonialism, Italian Colonialism, Portuguese Colonialism, Spanish Colonialism Aztec Empire Subject Search: Aztec Empire, Aztec Art, Aztec Religion Chinese Empires Subject Search: Chinese History, Chinese History, 1368-1912, Chinese History, 1766 Bc- 220 Ad, Chinese History, 1912-1949, Chinese History, 960-1368, Chinese History, to 1766 Bc, Ch'ing Dynasty, 1644-1912, Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 Chronology Search: 1912 Page 2 of 19

Japanese Empires Subject Search: Japanese Monarchy; Japanese Imperialism; Japanese History; Japanese History (1185-1868); Japanese History (1868-1945); Japanese History (1945- ); Japanese History (to 1185); Japanese History, 1185-1868 Chronology Search: 1945 Ottoman Empire Subject Search: Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918, Armenian Massacres, 1915-1923, Battle of Kosovo, 1448, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkish History, Turkish Antiquities, Turkish Culture, Turks Chronology Search: 1918 b) describing artistic, literary, and intellectual ideas of the Renaissance; Subject Search: Renaissance, Renaissance Architecture, Renaissance Art, Renaissance Drawing, Renaissance Literature, Renaissance Music, Renaissance Painting, Renaissance Sculpture, Italian Renaissance, English Literature, 1500-1660 (Renaissance) c) describing the distribution of major religions; Origins, spread, and principles of Christianity Subject Search: Christianity, Christian Sects, Christian Theology, Ecumenical Movement, Catechetics, Christian Civilization, Christian Ethics, Christian Life, Christian Sociology, Christians, Church History Origins, spread, and principles of Islam Subject Search: Islam, Islamic Religious Practice, Islamic Sects, Islamic Theology, Mahdism, Arabs, Islamic Countries, Islamic Identity, Islamic Philosophy, Islamic Theocracy, Muslim Leadership, Muslims, Sufism Origins, spread, and principles of Buddhism Subject Search: Buddhism, Buddhist Sects, Mahayana Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism, Buddhas, Buddhist Antiquities, Buddhist Art, Buddhist Literature, Buddhist Monasteries, Buddhist Monks, Buddhist Religious Orders, Buddhist Temples, Buddhists Origins, spread, and principles of Confucianism Subject Search: Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism, Confucian Ethics Person Search: Confucius Origins, spread, and principles of Hinduism Subject Search: Hinduism, Brahmanism, Hindu Gods, Hindu Literature, Hindu Marriage Customs, Hindus, Mandala, Mantras, Vedas, Yoga Origins, spread, and principles of Judaism Subject Search: Judaism, Jewish Ethics, Jewish Sects, Jewish Culture, Jewish History, Jewish Identity, Jewish Law, Jewish Life, Jewish Persecution, Jewish Sociology, Jews, Zionism Page 3 of 19

d) analyzing major trade patterns; Subject Search: Trade, Commerce, Protectionism, Tariffs, Blockades, International Trade, Balance of Payments, Balance of Trade, Exports, Free Trade, Imports e) citing major technological and scientific exchanges in the Eastern Hemisphere. Subject Search: Technology, Technology Transfer, Diffusion of Innovations, History of Technology, Technology and Civilization, Technology and State, Technology and War Era V: Emergence of a Global Age, 1500 to 1650 A.D. WHII.3 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by a) explaining the effects of the theological, political, and economic differences that emerged, including the views and actions of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII; Subject Search: Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Protestantism, Protestants, Religious Reform, Council of Trent, 1545-1563, Printing Press Person Search: Luther, Martin; Calvin, John; Henry VIII b) describing the impact of religious conflicts, including the Inquisition, on society and government actions; Subject Search: Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Protestantism, Protestants, Religious Reform, Council of Trent, 1545-1563, Printing Press Person Search: Luther, Martin; Calvin, John; Henry VIII c) describing changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies, and assessing the role of the printing press. Subject Search: Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Protestantism, Protestants, Religious Reform, Council of Trent, 1545-1563, Printing Press Person Search: Luther, Martin; Calvin, John; Henry VIII WHII.4 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia by a) explaining the roles of explorers and conquistadors; Subject Search: Conquistadors, Explorers, Discovery and Exploration, Discovery and Exploration (Africa), Discovery and Exploration (America), Discovery and Exploration (Asia), Discovery and Exploration (Australia), Discovery and Exploration (Europe), British Exploration, French Exploration, Norse Exploration, Spanish Exploration Page 4 of 19

b) describing the influence of religion; Subject Search: Colonization, Belgian Colonialism, British Colonialism, Dutch Colonialism, French Colonialism, German Colonialism, Italian Colonialism, Portuguese Colonialism, Spanish Colonialism c) explaining migration, settlement patterns, cultural diffusion, and social classes in the colonized areas; Subject Search: Colonization, Belgian Colonialism, British Colonialism, Dutch Colonialism, French Colonialism, German Colonialism, Italian Colonialism, Portuguese Colonialism, Spanish Colonialism d) defining the Columbian Exchange; Subject Search: Columbian Exchange, Cultural Diffusion, Cultural Assimilation, Americanization, Detribalization, Cultural Conflict, Cultural Identity, Diffusion of Innovations e) explaining the triangular trade; Subject Search: Triangular Trade, Trade Routes, Commerce f) describing the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas. Subject Search: Colonization, Belgian Colonialism, British Colonialism, Dutch Colonialism, French Colonialism, German Colonialism, Italian Colonialism, Portuguese Colonialism, Spanish Colonialism WHII.5 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the status and impact of global trade on regional civilizations of the world after 1500 A.D. by a) describing the location and development of the Ottoman Empire; Subject Search: Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918, Armenian Massacres, 1915-1923, Battle of Kosovo, 1448, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkish History, Turkish Antiquities, Turkish Culture, Turks Chronology Search: 1918 b) describing India, including the Mughal Empire and coastal trade; Subject Search: Indus Valley Civilization, Indian History, Pakistani History Page 5 of 19

c) describing East Asia, including China and the Japanese shogunate; Development of civilizations in China Subject Search: Chinese History, Chinese History, 1368-1912, Chinese History, 1766 Bc- 220 Ad, Chinese History, 1912-1949, Chinese History, 960-1368, Chinese History, to 1766 Bc, Ch'ing Dynasty, 1644-1912, Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 Development of civilizations in Japan Subject Search: Japanese History (to 1185), Japanese History (1185-1868), Japanese History, Shogunate d) describing Africa and its increasing involvement in global trade; Subject Search: African Civilization, African Civilizations, Kush (Ancient city), Ancient Africa, to 500, Nubian History, Nubians e) describing the growth of European nations, including the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism. Triangular trade Subject Search: Triangular Trade, Trade Routes, Commerce Influence of natural resources in colonization and settlement Subject Search: Colonization, Belgian Colonialism, British Colonialism, Dutch Colonialism, French Colonialism, German Colonialism, Italian Colonialism, Portuguese Colonialism, Spanish Colonialism European expansion at the beginning of the 16th century Subject Search: European Expansion, Imperialism, British Imperialism, Colonialism, Belgian Colonialism, British Colonialism, Dutch Colonialism, French Colonialism, German Colonialism, Italian Colonialism, Portuguese Colonialism, Spanish Colonialism Era VI: Age of Revolutions, 1650 to 1914 A.D. WHII.6 The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries by a) describing the Scientific Revolution and its effects; Subject Search: Scientific Revolution, History of Science, Enlightenment, Science b) describing the Age of Absolutism, including the monarchies of Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, and Peter the Great; Subject Search: Absolutism, Authoritarianism, Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, Peter the Great Page 6 of 19

c) assessing the impacts of the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution on democracy; Subject Search: English Civil War, 1642-1649; British History, 1066-1687; Civil War; English History Person Search: Cromwell, Oliver d) explaining the political, religious, and social ideas of the Enlightenment and the ways in which they influenced the founders of the United States; Declaration of Independence Subject Search: Magna Carta; Declaration of Independence; Bill of Rights; National Self Determination; American Revolution, 1775-1783; Second Continental Congress, 1775-1781 Person Search: Jefferson, Thomas American Revolution Subject Search: American Revolution, 1775-1783 Person Search: Franklin, Benjamin; Jefferson, Thomas; Washington, George; Hamilton, Alexander; Arnold, Benedict; Paine, Thomas; Revere, Paul Origins of democratic government Subject Search: Athenian Democracy, Democracy, Representative Government, Republics, Roman Republic, Roman Law, Enlightenment e) describing the French Revolution; Subject Search: French Revolution, 1789; French Revolutionary Wars, 1792-1799; French History, 1789-1815 f) identifying the impact of the American and French Revolutions on Latin America; French Revolution (1789) Subject Search: French Revolution, 1789; French Revolutionary Wars, 1792-1799; French History, 1789-1815 American Revolution Subject Search: American Revolution, 1775-1783 Person Search: Franklin, Benjamin; Jefferson, Thomas; Washington, George; Hamilton, Alexander; Arnold, Benedict; Paine, Thomas; Revere, Paul Page 7 of 19

g) describing the expansion of the arts, philosophy, literature, and new technology. Art as a reflection of historical period and culture Subject Search: Art and History, Art and War, Historical Art, Historical Prints, Romanticism, Classicism Literature as a reflection of historical period and culture Subject Search: Literature, African Literature, American Literature, Asian Literature, Australian Literature, Business Literature, Canadian Literature, Epic Literature, European Literature, Holocaust Literature, Jewish Literature, Turkish Literature Music as a reflection of historical period and culture Subject Search: Music History, Musicology, Musical Influence, Music and Society, American Music, Rock Music, British Music, Baroque Music, Chamber Music, Classical Music, Blues (Music), Jazz. Drama as a reflection of historical period and culture Subject Search: Drama, Theater, Acting, Performing Arts, Ethnic Theater, Movies, Plays, Playwriting, Epic Drama Universal, cross-cultural themes in the Arts Subject Search: Cultural Anthropology, Ethnology, Cultural Assimilation, Multiculturalism, Ethnic Identity, Cultural Literacy, Cultural Movements, Cross Cultural Studies WHII.7 The student will demonstrate knowledge of political and philosophical developments in Europe during the nineteenth century by a) assessing the impact of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna, including changes in political boundaries in Europe after 1815; Subject Search: French History, 1789-1815 Person Search: Napoleon I b) describing the influence of revolutions on the expansion of political rights in Europe; Subject Search: Revolution of 1905 (Russia); Revolution of 1911 (China); Revolution of 1918 (Germany); American Revolution, 1775-1783; August Revolution; Vietnam, 1945; Chinese Revolution, 1911-1912; Cuban Revolution, 1953-1959; Ethiopian Revolution, 1974; Hungarian Revolution, 1956; Iranian Revolution, 1978-1979; Mexican Revolution, 1923-1924; Russian Revolution, 1917-1921; Soviet Union History, 1985-1991; French Revolution; Chinese History, 1912-1949, Indian History (1947-), African History, 1960-; Latin American History (1945-1980) Chronology Search: 1905, 1911, 1918, 1956, 1959, 1974, 1979, 1991, 1947 Page 8 of 19

c) explaining events related to the unification of Italy and the role of Italian nationalists; Subject Search: Unification of Italy, 1870, Italian History, 1492-1870, Italian History, 1870-1915 d) explaining events related to the unification of Germany and the role of Bismarck. Subject Search: Unification of Germany, Revolution of 1918 (Germany), German History, 1871-1945, German Republic, 1918-1933 Person Search: Bismarck, Otto von Chronology Search: 1918 WHII.8 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the effects of the Industrial Revolution during the nineteenth century by a) citing scientific, technological, and industrial developments and explaining how they brought about urbanization and social and environmental changes; Subject Search: Industrialization, Space Industrialization, Economic Development, Industrial Revolution, Industrialized Nations, Industries, Pollution, Progress, Progressive Movement, Urbanization Person Search: Whitney, Eli; Edison, Thomas Alva b) explaining the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern, and subsequent development of socialism and communism; Historic origins and principles of capitalism Subject Search: Capitalism, Economic Systems, Entrepreneurship, Free Enterprise, Mixed Economy, Neoconservatism Person Search: Smith, Adam Historic origins and principles of socialism Subject Search: Socialism, Christian Socialism, Democratic Socialism, Scientific Socialism, Movement Towards Socialism, Central Planning, Collective Settlements, Collectivism, Socialist Ethics, Socialist Parties, Socialists Historic origins and principles of communism Subject Search: Communism, Economic Systems, Political Ideologies, Marxism, Leninism, Maoism Person Search: Marx, Karl; Engels, Friedrich Comparison of differing economic systems Subject Search: Economic Systems, Political Ideology, Economic History, Economic Policy, Economic Theory, Economics, Capitalism, Collectivism, Communism, Feudalism, Free Enterprise, Global Economy, Socialism Page 9 of 19

c) describing the evolution of the nature of work and the labor force, including its effects on families, the status of women and children, the slave trade, and the labor union movement; Organized labor Subject Search: Organized Labor, Collective Bargaining, Collective Labor Agreements, Guilds, Labor, Labor Activists, Labor Arbitration, Labor Disputes, Labor Law, Labor Movement, Labor Relations, Strikes, Unionization Labor Subject Search: Labor, Child Labor, Labor Force, Labor Unions, Employees, Labor Contracts, Labor Disputes, Labor Law, Skilled Labor, Unskilled Labor d) explaining the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and nationalism; Imperialism Subject Search: Imperialism, American Imperialism, British Imperialism, Cultural Imperialism, German Imperialism, Japanese Imperialism Industrialization and its impact on societies Subject Search: Industrialization, Space Industrialization, Economic Development, Industrial Revolution, Industrialized Nations, Industries, Pollution, Progress, Progressive Movement, Urbanization Person Search: Whitney, Eli; Edison, Thomas Alva e) assessing the impact of European economic and military power on Asia and Africa, with emphasis on the competition for resources and the responses of colonized peoples. Subject Search: Imperialism, American Imperialism, British Imperialism, Cultural Imperialism, German Imperialism, Japanese Imperialism Era VII: Era of Global Wars, 1914 to 1945 WHII.9 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War I by a) explaining economic and political causes, major events, and identifying major leaders of the war, with emphasis on Woodrow Wilson and Kaiser Wilhelm II; Causes of World War I Subject Search: World War I, 1914-1918; Alsace-Lorraine Question; Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867-1918; German Empire, 1871-1914; German History, 1871-1945; Italian History, 1870-1915; Schlieffen Plan; United States History, 1901-1921 Chronology Search: 1900-1909; 1910-1919 Page 10 of 19

Significant events and battles of World War I Subject Search: World War I, 1914-1918; Armenian Massacres, 1915-1923; United States History, 1901-1921; Allies (World War I); Western Front (World War II; Battle of Jutland, 1916; First Battle of the Marne; 1914, First Battle of the Somme, 1916; First Battle of Verdun, 1914; Second Battle of Verdun, 1916; Third Battle of Ypres, 1917 Chronology Search: 1914-1918 Significant individuals of World War I Subject Search: World War I, 1914-1918; United States History, 1901-1921; Allies (World War I) Person Search: Wilson, Woodrow; Pershing, John Joseph; Franz Ferdinand; von Bismarck, Otto; William II; Albert I Chronology Search: 1914-1918 b) explaining the outcomes and global effect of the war and the Treaty of Versailles; Subject Search: Russian Revolution; Fourteen Points, 1918; League of Nations; Treaty of Versailles; Postwar Reconstruction (World War I); Treaty of Versailles, 1919; Allied Powers-Germany Chronology Search: 1918, 1919, 1920 c) citing causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution. Subject Search: Russian Revolution, Russian History, Soviet History, Bolshevik Government, Russian History, 1801-1917, White Russians (Anti-Bolsheviks) Person Search: Nicholas II; Romanov, Anastasia Nicholaievna; Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich; Kerensky, Alexandr Fedorovich; Trotsky, Leon Chronology Search: 1917 WHII.10 The student will demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural developments during the Interwar Period by a) describing the League of Nations and the mandate system; Subject Search: League of Nations; League of Nations Covenant, Article 8, 1919; League of Nations One-Year Armament Truce, 1931; League of Nations. Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees; League of Nations. International Labor Office; League of Nations. Nansen International Office for Refugees; League of Nations. Permanent Advisory Commission; League of Nations. Preparatory Commission; League of Nations. Temporary Mixed Commission Person Search: Wilson, Woodrow Chronology Search: 1918-1931 Page 11 of 19

b) citing causes and assessing the impact of worldwide depression in the 1930s; Subject Search: Great Depression; New Deal, 1933-1939; Second New Deal, 1935-1937; Share-Our-Wealth Movement; United States History, 1921-1945; Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933; Fair Deal Person Search: Roosevelt, Franklin D.; Hoover, Herbert Chronology Search: 1929, 1930-1939 c) examining events related to the rise, aggression, and human costs of dictatorial regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and identifying their major leaders, i.e., Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hirohito, and Hideki Tojo. Rise of Nazism in Germany Subject Search: Third Reich, 1933-1945; German History, 1871-1945; Kristallnacht (Germany), 1938; Munich Agreement, 1938, National Socialism, Nuremberg Laws (Germany), 1935; Reichstag Fire, 1933 Person Search: Hitler, Adolf Chronology Search: 1933-1945 Rise of Fascism in Italy Subject Search: Fascism; Italian History, 1870-1915; Italian History, 1914-1945 Person Search: Mussolini, Benito (Amilcare Andrea) Chronology Search: 1922, 1943 Rise of Fascism in Japan Subject Search: Japanese History (1868-1945) WHII.11 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by a) explaining economic and political causes, major events, and identifying leaders of the war, with emphasis on Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George Marshall, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Hideki Tojo, and Hirohito; Causes of World War II Subject Search: Appeasement; Isolationism; World War II, 1939-1945; Munich Agreement, 1938; National Socialism; Third Reich, 1933-1945; Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939; Pearl Harbor Attack, 1941; German Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1938 Chronology Search: 1933-1941 Significant events and battles of World War II Subject Search: World War II, 1939-1945; Anzio Beachhead, 1944; Battle of Britain, 1940; Battle of Dunkirk, 1940; Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945; Eastern Front (World War II); European Campaign (World War II); Normandy Invasion, 1944; North Africa Campaign, 1940-1942; Pacific Campaign, 1941-1945; Pearl Harbor Attack, 1941; Potsdam Conference, 1945; Yalta Conference, 1945; Blitzkrieg; Manhattan Project Chronology Search: 1939-1945 Page 12 of 19

Significant individuals of World War II Subject Search: World War II, 1939-1945 Person Search: Churchill, Winston; Hitler, Adolph; Roosevelt, Franklin D.; Stalin, Joseph; Eisenhower, Dwight D.; Bradley, Omar; Patton, George; Göring, Hermann; Hirohito; Marshall, John; MacArthur, Douglas; Mussolini, Benito Chronology Search: 1939-1945 b) examining the Holocaust and other examples of genocide in the twentieth century; Subject Search: World War II, 1939-1945; Anzio Beachhead, 1944; Battle of Britain, 1940; Battle of Dunkirk, 1940; Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945; Eastern Front (World War II); European Campaign (World War II); Normandy Invasion, 1944; North Africa Campaign, 1940-1942; Pacific Campaign, 1941-1945; Pearl Harbor Attack, 1941; Potsdam Conference, 1945; Yalta Conference, 1945; Blitzkrieg; Manhattan Project Chronology Search: 1939-1945 c) explaining the terms of the peace, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the creation of international cooperative organizations. Subject Search: United Nations, Allied Occupation (World War II), Postwar Reconstruction (World War II), Cold War, Warsaw Pact, Soviet Union-Eastern Europe Relations, Atomic Bombs, Hydrogen Bombs Chronology Search: 1945-1950 Era VIII: The Post War Period, 1945 to the Present WHII.12 The student will demonstrate knowledge of major events and outcomes of the Cold War by a) explaining key events of the Cold War, including the competition between the American and Soviet economic and political systems and the causes of the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe; Cold War Subject Search: Cold War, Containment Policy, Detente, Iron Curtain, Mutual Assured Destruction, Nonalignment, Red Scare, Truman Doctrine, United States-Soviet Union Relations, West Germany-East Germany Relations, Western Europe-Eastern Europe Relations, Warsaw Pact; Marshall Plan; Korean War, Vietnam War Rise and fall of Communism Subject Search: Communism; Post-Communism; Leninism; Maoism; Stalinism; Collectivism; Communist Countries; Communist Leadership; Central Planning; Cold War; Russian Revolution, 1917-1921; Soviet Union History, 1917-1945; Soviet Union History, 1985-1991 Chronology Search: 1917, 1949, 1985-1991 Page 13 of 19

b) assessing the impact of nuclear weaponry on patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945; Subject Search: Modern Warfare, Military Science, Electronic Warfare, Bombardment, Chemical Warfare, Biological Warfare, Nuclear Warfare, Attack and Defense (Military science) c) describing conflicts and revolutionary movements in eastern Asia, including those in China and Vietnam, and their major leaders, i.e., Mao Tse-tung (Zedong), Chiang Kai-shek, and Ho Chi Minh. Political revolutions of the 18th, 19th, and 20th Centuries Subject Search: Revolution of 1905 (Russia); Revolution of 1911 (China); Revolution of 1918 (Germany); American Revolution, 1775-1783; August Revolution; Vietnam, 1945; Chinese Revolution, 1911-1912; Cuban Revolution, 1953-1959; Ethiopian Revolution, 1974; Hungarian Revolution, 1956; Iranian Revolution, 1978-1979; Mexican Revolution, 1923-1924; Russian Revolution, 1917-1921; Soviet Union History, 1985-1991; French Revolution; Chinese History, 1912-1949, Indian History (1947-), African History, 1960-; Latin American History (1945-1980) Chronology Search: 1905, 1911, 1918, 1956, 1959, 1974, 1979, 1991, 1947 Chiang Kai-shek Subject Search: Taiwan, Taiwanese History, Nationalist Party (China), Nationalist Party of China (Taiwan), Chinese Civil War, 1945-1949 Person Search: Chiang Kai-shek Chronology Search: 1928, 1949, 1975 Ho Chi Minh Subject Search: Vietnamese History, North Vietnam, Vietnam War, 1959-1975, Vietnamese Reunification Question Person Search: Ho Chi Minh Mao Zedong Subject Search: Chinese History, 1912-1949, Chinese History, 1949-, Chinese Civil War, 1945-1949, Long March, 1934-1935 Person Search: Mao Zedong Chronology Search: 1934, 1935, 1949, 1976 Page 14 of 19

WHII.13 The student will demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of independence movements and development efforts by a) describing the struggles for self-rule, including Gandhi s leadership in India; Political revolutions of the 18th, 19th, and 20th Centuries Subject Search: Revolution of 1905 (Russia); Revolution of 1911 (China); Revolution of 1918 (Germany); American Revolution, 1775-1783; August Revolution; Vietnam, 1945; Chinese Revolution, 1911-1912; Cuban Revolution, 1953-1959; Ethiopian Revolution, 1974; Hungarian Revolution, 1956; Iranian Revolution, 1978-1979; Mexican Revolution, 1923-1924; Russian Revolution, 1917-1921; Soviet Union History, 1985-1991; French Revolution; Chinese History, 1912-1949, Indian History (1947-), African History, 1960-; Latin American History (1945-1980) Chronology Search: 1905, 1911, 1918, 1956, 1959, 1974, 1979, 1991, 1947 Decolonization Subject Search: Decolonization, National Self Determination, African History, 1960-, Colonialism, Colonization, Imperialism, Postcolonialism, South American History Mohandas Gandhi Subject Search: Indian History; Indian History (1947-); Indian History, 1526-1947 Person Search: Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand Chronology Search: 1947, 1948 b) describing Africa s achievement of independence, including Kenyatta s leadership of Kenya; Political revolutions of the 18th, 19th, and 20th Centuries Subject Search: Revolution of 1905 (Russia); Revolution of 1911 (China); Revolution of 1918 (Germany); American Revolution, 1775-1783; August Revolution; Vietnam, 1945; Chinese Revolution, 1911-1912; Cuban Revolution, 1953-1959; Ethiopian Revolution, 1974; Hungarian Revolution, 1956; Iranian Revolution, 1978-1979; Mexican Revolution, 1923-1924; Russian Revolution, 1917-1921; Soviet Union History, 1985-1991; French Revolution; Chinese History, 1912-1949, Indian History (1947-), African History, 1960-; Latin American History (1945-1980) Chronology Search: 1905, 1911, 1918, 1956, 1959, 1974, 1979, 1991, 1947 Decolonization Subject Search: Decolonization, National Self Determination, African History, 1960-, Colonialism, Colonization, Imperialism, Postcolonialism, South American History Political and military aspects of modern African nations Subject Search: Politics of Africa, Military of Africa, United States-Africa Relations, African History, 1960- Page 15 of 19

c) describing the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East. Subject Search: Politics of Middle East, Military of Middle East, League of Arab States, United States-Arab Countries Relations, Gulf Cooperation Council, United States-Middle East Relations WHII.14 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism in the contemporary world by a) describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, and customs; Origins, spread, and principles of Buddhism Subject Search: Buddhism, Buddhist Sects, Mahayana Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism, Buddhas, Buddhist Antiquities, Buddhist Art, Buddhist Literature, Buddhist Monasteries, Buddhist Monks, Buddhist Religious Orders, Buddhist Temples, Buddhists Origins, spread, and principles of Christianity Subject Search: Christianity, Christian Sects, Christian Theology, Ecumenical Movement, Catechetics, Christian Civilization, Christian Ethics, Christian Life, Christian Sociology, Christians, Church History Origins, spread, and principles of Hinduism Subject Search: Hinduism, Brahmanism, Hindu Gods, Hindu Literature, Hindu Marriage Customs, Hindus, Mandala, Mantras, Vedas, Yoga Origins, spread, and principles of Islam Subject Search: Islam, Islamic Religious Practice, Islamic Sects, Islamic Theology, Mahdism, Arabs, Islamic Countries, Islamic Identity, Islamic Philosophy, Islamic Theocracy, Muslim Leadership, Muslims, Sufism Origins, spread, and principles of Judaism Subject Search: Judaism, Jewish Ethics, Jewish Sects, Jewish Culture, Jewish History, Jewish Identity, Jewish Law, Jewish Life, Jewish Persecution, Jewish Sociology, Jews, Zionism b) locating the geographic distribution of religions in the contemporary world. Origins, spread, and principles of Buddhism Subject Search: Buddhism, Buddhist Sects, Mahayana Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism, Buddhas, Buddhist Antiquities, Buddhist Art, Buddhist Literature, Buddhist Monasteries, Buddhist Monks, Buddhist Religious Orders, Buddhist Temples, Buddhists Origins, spread, and principles of Christianity Subject Search: Christianity, Christian Sects, Christian Theology, Ecumenical Movement, Catechetics, Christian Civilization, Christian Ethics, Christian Life, Christian Sociology, Christians, Church History Page 16 of 19

Origins, spread, and principles of Hinduism Subject Search: Hinduism, Brahmanism, Hindu Gods, Hindu Literature, Hindu Marriage Customs, Hindus, Mandala, Mantras, Vedas, Yoga Origins, spread, and principles of Islam Subject Search: Islam, Islamic Religious Practice, Islamic Sects, Islamic Theology, Mahdism, Arabs, Islamic Countries, Islamic Identity, Islamic Philosophy, Islamic Theocracy, Muslim Leadership, Muslims, Sufism Origins, spread, and principles of Judaism Subject Search: Judaism, Jewish Ethics, Jewish Sects, Jewish Culture, Jewish History, Jewish Identity, Jewish Law, Jewish Life, Jewish Persecution, Jewish Sociology, Jews, Zionism WHII.15 The student will demonstrate knowledge of cultural, economic, and social conditions in developed and developing nations of the contemporary world by a) identifying contemporary political issues, with emphasis on migrations of refugees and others, ethnic/religious conflicts, and the impact of technology, including chemical and biological technologies; Modern warfare and weaponry Subject Search: Modern Warfare, Military Science, Electronic Warfare, Bombardment, Chemical Warfare, Biological Warfare, Nuclear Warfare, Attack and Defense (Military science) Political and military aspects of modern Middle Eastern nations Subject Search: Politics of Middle East, Military of Middle East, League of Arab States, United States-Arab Countries Relations, Gulf Cooperation Council, United States-Middle East Relations Political and military aspects of modern African nations Subject Search: Politics of Africa, Military of Africa, United States-Africa Relations, African History, 1960- Political and military aspects of modern Latin American nations Subject Search: Politics of Latin America, Military of Latin America, Organization of American States, United States-Latin America Relations Political and military aspects of modern European nations Subject Search: Politics of Europe, Military of Europe, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, European Federation, European Union, United States-Europe Relations Political and military aspects of modern Asian nations Subject Search: Politics of Asia, Military of Asia, United States-Asia Relations, United States-Southeast Asia Relations, Asian History Political and military aspects of modern North American nations Subject Search: United States Politics, United States Military, Canada Politics, Canada Military, Mexico Politics, Mexico Military Page 17 of 19

Political and military aspects of modern Pan-Pacific Region nations Subject Search: Politics of Pacific, Military of Pacific, Military of Australia, Politics of Australia, Politics of Philippines, Military of Philippines, Politics of Malaysia, Military of Malaysia b) assessing the impact of economic development and global population growth on the environment and society, including an understanding of the links between economic and political freedom; Economic aspects of modern Middle Eastern nations Subject Search: Global Economy, International Economic Relations Keyword Search: Economy and Middle East Economic aspects of modern African nations Subject Search: African Economy, African History, 1960-, Postcolonial Africa, International Economic Relations Economic aspects of modern Latin American nations Subject Search: Latin American Economy, Latin American Common Market, Global Economy, International Economic Relations Economic aspects of modern European nations Subject Search: European Economy, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Central Bank, European Monetary Institute, European Union. European Central Bank, Global Economy, European Economic Community Economic aspects of modern Asian nations Subject Search: Asian Economy, Asian Development Bank, International Economic Relations Economic aspects of modern North American nations Subject Search: Global Economy, International Economic Relations, American Economy, Mexican Economy, Canadian Economy, United States Economic Conditions Economic aspects of modern Pan-Pacific Region nations Subject Search: Global Economy, International Economic Relations, Pacific Area Cooperation, Pan-Pacific Relations Interrelationship of economic, social, and political rights Subject Search: Rights, Civil Rights, Human Rights, Political Rights, Equal Rights Amendments, Voting Rights, Economic Rights, Domestic Economic Assistance Page 18 of 19

c) describing economic interdependence, including the rise of multinational corporations, international organizations, and trade agreements. Trade Subject Search: Trade, Commerce, Protectionism, Tariffs, Blockades, International Trade, Balance of Payments, Balance of Trade, Exports, Free Trade, Imports Industrialization and its impact on societies Subject Search: Industrialization, Space Industrialization, Economic Development, Industrial Revolution, Industrialized Nations, Industries, Pollution, Progress, Progressive Movement, Urbanization Person Search: Whitney, Eli; Edison, Thomas Alva Page 19 of 19