Paper 03 Essays 1985-2012 In Chronological Order 1. Examine the view that the role of the mestizo during and after the Wars for Independence brought about significant changes in cultural, social and political order in Latin America. (1985) 2. "Both the conservatism and radicalism found in British North America (Canada) emerged through the influence of the United States. To what extent and why is this observation correct or incorrect from the time of the American Revolution to the rebellions in the Canadas? (1985) 3. Discuss the struggle between Montreal and New York for the trade of the continental interior of North America (1814-1866), bringing other Canadian and American metropolitan centers into the discussion where appropriate. Why was New York successful? (1985) 4. Explain the contrasts in the success of representative forms of government adopted in the United States and in Latin America countries after Independence. (1985) 5. Compare and contrast the effects of westward expansion from the mid-eighteenth to the end of the nineteenth centuries on the Indians of any TWO of the following countries: Argentina; Canada; the United States. (1985) 6. Why was it possible for the North and the South in the United States to reach a compromise on the issue of slavery expansion in 1820 and 1850 but not in 1860? (1985) 7. Discuss the origins, nature and results of Canada's National Policy of tariff protection to 1914. (1985) 8. Discuss the causes and effects of the rise of the caudillo in Latin America, with specific reference to THREE caudillo from different countries. (1985) 9. "Most Canadians love the British Empire with a passion in 1896, but by the end of the 1950's the British connection had lost much of its appeal." What were the reasons for this development? (1985) 10. Why, and with what effects, did Canada and a number of Latin American countries
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 2 experience a rapid expansion of settlement and agriculture at the beginning of the twentieth century? (1985) 11. Show how and why the decades after both the First and Second World Wars witnessed a backlash in the United States against political liberalism. (1985) 12. Compare and explain the outcomes of two revolutions in Latin America, one successful, and one unsuccessful. (1985) 13. How far is it possible to interpret contemporary Latin American political and economic systems as either democratic or capitalist? (1985) 14. Compare and contrast British and Spanish colonial administrations in America in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1987) 15. Assess the nature and importance of the role of the Creoles in the Latin American Wars of Emancipation. (1987) 16. How and with what success did the U.S. Constitution attempt to solve the problems of the Confederation period? (1987) 17. Why was the War of 1812 of vital importance to the Canadas? (1987) 18. What were the problems of colonial government in the Canadas in the first half of the nineteenth century? How did Canadians attempt to deal with them? (1987) 19. Identify and explain at least THREE issues that divided political parties in TWO of the following countries in the nineteenth century: the United States; Mexico; Argentina. (1987) 20. Trace the steps by which the border between the United States and Canada was established and explain why it was essentially unfortified. (1987) 21. "Slavery was essentially a benign system." Using examples from at least TWO countries in the region, evaluate this historical viewpoint. (1987) 22. Assess the importance of slavery as a cause of the American Civil War. (1987) 23. Analyze the contribution made, and the problems posed, by immigrants to any TWO countries in the region. (1987) 24. Compare and contrast U.S.-Latin American relations during the presidencies of Theodore
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 3 Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt. (1987) 25. Compare and contrast the economic impact of the 1929 Depression on TWO of the following: (a) the United States (b) Canada (c) one country in Latin America. (1987) 26. What were the antecedents of the New Deal programs? How "new" was the New Deal? (1987) 27. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vote seemed the remedy to women's unequal status. 28. Compare and contrast the effects of gaining the suffrage on women's lives in TWO countries of the region. (1987) 29. Explain the rise and fall of Juan Perón and evaluate his impact on Argentina. (1987) 30. To what extent have native people shared in the prosperity of twentieth century Canada and the United States? (1987) 31. Trace and explain the developing relations between the United States and EITHER the U.S.S.R. since 1945 OR China since 1949. (1987) 32. Passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 changed little in the lives of blacks in the United States. Why was this so and what factors in the 1960's finally brought change? (1987) 33. Compare and contrast TWO twentieth century Latin American revolutions with respect to (a) causes, (b) goals, (c) leadership and (d) achievements and failures. (1987) 34. "Canada has struggled to separate herself first from Britain and then from the United States." Discuss with reference to EITHER economics OR foreign relations in the twentieth century. (1987) 35. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vote seemed the remedy to women's unequal status. Compare and contrast the effects of gaining the suffrage on women's lives in TWO countries of the region. (1987) 36. Compare and contrast the economic and political role of the Roman Catholic Church in French and Spanish America. (HL) (1988) 37. What were the major issues in the quarrel between Great Britain and her North American colonies in the years 1763-1776? (HL) (1988)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 4 38. Assess the role of the individual leadership in the Latin American Wars of Emancipation. Include representatives of at least TWO different countries.(hl) (1988) 39. Discuss the nature and extent of trade relations between the United States and Canada in the first half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1988) 40. All of the Canadian provinces had good reason to oppose Confederation. Why then did it occur? (HL) (1988) 41. "Although few of them were slave-holders, the majority of farmers feared the abolition of slavery." Evaluate this statement in the light of (A) the economic role of slavery and (B) the social implications of slavery in TWO countries in the region. (HL) (1988) 42. Discuss the significance of the following relationship between North and South in the period 1820-1860: (A) the Missouri Compromise (B) the Compromise of 1850 (C) the Kansas-Nebraska Act. (HL) (1988) 43. What were the main problems in the creating of unified states that faced Argentina and Mexico in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1988) 44. Compare and contrast the role of the railroad in United States and Canadian growth. (HL) (1988) 45. Compare and contrast the patterns of urban growth in the United States and one country in Latin America prior to 1900. (HL) (1988) 46. Discrimination against Asians was a common problem in the western United States and Canada up to the First World War. Discuss the similarities in (A) origins of the prejudice and (B) the legal outcomes (HL) (1988) 47. What were the contributions of European immigrants in the twentieth century to the development of any TWO countries of the region. Be specific in reference to ethnic groups. (HL) (1988) 48. What were the aims of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution? How far had these aims been achieved by 1940? (HL) (1988)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 5 49. Describe how two countries of the region attempted to deal with the Depression of 1929. (HL) (1988) 50. What were the major issues of Canadian political life in the inter-war period and how were they resolved? (HL) (1988) 51. Discuss the major political and social results of the Vietnam War for the United States. (HL) (1988) 52. Compare and contrast the role of the army in any TWO of the following countries since 1960: Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Peru. (HL) (1988) 53. What unique problems did Canada face in the 1960's? How successful has she been in dealing with them? (HL) (1988) 54. Trace the development of social welfare legislation in TWO countries of the region and assess its impact on the position of women. (HL) (1988) 55. What were the similarities and differences in the colonial policies of Britain and Spain in the New World in the eighteenth century? (HL) (1989) (HL) (1989) 56. Why did Quebec not join the other thirteen colonies in their rebellion against Britain in 1776? (HL) (1989) 57. How revolutionary was the US Constitution? (HL) (1989) 58. How did the War of 1812 influence US/Canadian relations in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1989) 59. What impact did Lord Durham have on developments in Canada? (HL) (1989) 60. Beginning in the 1830s, national governments began to support and implement the end of enslavement. Compare methods of manumission and abolition in at least TWO countries of the region. (HL) (1989) 61. Were the causes of the American Civil War primarily political, social, or economic? (HL) (1989) 62. Canada and most Latin American countries have been faced with serious cultural, geographic and linguistic obstacles to political integration. Choose ONE Latin American country and compare its approach to this problem with that of Canada. (HL) (1989) 63. Discuss the national origins and internal settlement patterns of European immigrants in TWO of the following in the period 1890-1920: (A) Canada; (B) the United States; (C) Argentina. (HL) (1989)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 6 64. Define the nature and assess the effectiveness of the US "Dollar Diplomacy" policy in Latin America between 1900 and 1933. (HL) (1989) 65. To what extent did the Mexican Revolution succeed? (HL) (1989) 66. Compare Canadian and US foreign policy in the inter-war period (1919-1939). (HL) (1989) 67. Write an appraisal of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy. (HL) (1989) 68. Assess the effectiveness of the US policy towards China in the twentieth century. (HL) (1989) 69. Write an appraisal of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy. (HL) (1989 70. What forces underlay EITHER the FLQ crisis in Quebec OR the Falklands/Malvinas crisis in Argentina? (HL) (1989) 71. Reformers, revolutionaries or soldiers--who have been more successful in Latin American politics? Mention at least TWO countries in your answer. (HL) (1989) 72. What forces underlay EITHER the FLQ crisis in Quebec OR the Falklands/Malvinas crisis in Argentina? (HL) (1989) 73. Why did the Thirteen Colonies rebel against Britain and how were they able to win their independence? (HL) (1990) 74. "A brilliant soldier but a poor politician." How far do you agree with this verdict on Simon Bolivar? (HL) (1990) 75. What is meant EITHER by "Jeffersonian Democracy" OR "Jacksonian Democracy"? Explain the importance of the Presidency of either man to the development of the United States. (HL) (1990) 76. What social and economic roles did slavery serve in EITHER the United States OR Brazil in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1990) 77. "The surprising fact is not that the Confederacy lost the American Civil War but that it survived as long as it did." Discuss. (HL) (1990) 78. Compare and contrast the role of the railroad in the western expansion of the United States and Canada. (HL) (1990) 79. Explain the significance of (A) the Durham Report and the Act of Union 1838-40 and (B)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 7 the British North America Act of 1867 in the development of Canadian self-government. (HL) (1990) 80. How effective was the New Deal in solving the problems facing the United States in the 1930s? (HL) (1990) 81. Who supported and who opposed Juan Perón in Argentina between 1943 and 1955? (HL) (1990) 82. Why did the United States withdraw from European affairs after the First World War but maintain its involvement after the Second? (HL) (1990) 83. "The failures of American politicians and not those of the United States armed forces lost America the war in Vietnam." Discuss this assessment of events in Vietnam between 1961 and 1975. (HL) (1990) 84. Analyze and describe the work of (A) the Federal Government and (B) the Courts in obtaining Civil Rights for minorities in the United States since 1945. (HL) (1990) 85. Compare and contrast the aims and achievements of peasant revolutionaries in Cuba and Mexico in the twentieth century. (HL) (1990) 86. Explain the failure of Latin America to match the rapid economic growth of the United States in the twentieth century. (HL) (1990) 87. Discuss the role of the armed forces since 1945 as opponents or sponsors of change in any TWO of the following countries (A) Chile (B) Brazil (C) Bolivia (D) Peru. (HL) (1990) 88. Why have populist and socialist parties been more successful in Canada than in the United States? (HL) (1990) 89. How well did Britain and Spain govern their American colonies? (HL) (Nov 1991) 90. Define mercantilism and explain how TWO of the colonial powers applied it in the Americas in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1991) 91. What was the role of class conflict in the Latin American Wars of Independence? (HL) (Nov 1991) 92. What were the roles of the different social classes in the Latin American Wars of Independence? (HL) (1991) 93. Why was Brazil's transition to independence basically peaceful? (HL) (1991) 94. Which features of the US Constitution were new? (HL) (Nov 1991)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 8 95. What role did Britain play in establishing the Canadian Confederation of 1867? (HL) (Nov 1991) 96. Identify three problems of the Confederation period in the USA. How was each resolved in the constitution? (HL) (1991) 97. Why did the Americans invade Canada in 1812? (HL) (1991) 98. To what extent was the United States the catalyst in Canadian Confederation in 1867? (HL) (1991) 99. "Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean was profoundly different from slavery in the United States." How far do you agree with this assertion? (HL) (Nov 1991) 100. "Slaves were basically content with their position. White reformers stirred them up." With specific reference to (A) the nature of slavery and (B) the abolitionist movements, show how far you agree with this statement. Reference should be made to at least TWO countries from the Caribbean and/or mainland America. (HL) (1991) 101. What were the main political results of the Civil War in the United States? (HL) (Nov 1991) 102. What were the political issues underlying the American Civil War? (HL) (1991) 103. Compare and contrast the growth of industry before 1860 to any TWO countries of the region. (HL) (Nov 1991) 104. What were the politics behind government involvement or non-involvement in the economies of TWO countries in the region between 1890 and 1914? (HL) (Nov 1991) 105. How successful was the National Policy in Canada? (HL) (1991) 106. Evaluate MacDonald's 'National Policy' with regard to (A) immigration; (B) transportation; and (C) tariff protection. (HL) (Nov 1991) 107. What were the politics behind government involvement or non-involvement in the economies of TWO countries in the region between 1890 and 1914? (HL) (Nov 1991) 108. What similarities and differences were there in the foreign policies of Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Delano Roosevelt towards Latin America? (HL) (1991) 109. What were the main problems in Mexico in the second half of the nineteenth century and how successful were both the proposed and the attempted solutions? (HL) (Nov 1991)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 9 110. "The Roosevelt Revolution": is this an appropriate description of the 1930s in the United States? (HL) (Nov 1991) 111. To what extent did the New Deal solve the problems of the Great Depression the United States? Be specific with regard to problems and programs. (HL) (1991) 112. Why have single party regimes been common in twentieth century Latin America? Answer with reference to at least TWO different countries. (HL) (1991) 113. Why did Canada go to war in 1939? (HL) (Nov 1991) 114. Explain the changes in US foreign policy between 1919 and 1945. (HL) (Nov 1991) 115. What political problems for the Canadian government were caused by involvement in the two World Wars? (HL) (1991) 116. Assess the presidency of Richard Nixon with reference to both domestic and foreign policy. (HL) (1991) 117. How successful has the Civil Rights movement been in the United States? (HL) (Nov 1991) 118. Analyze the social and economic problems in any ONE Latin American country since 1945. (HL) (Nov 1991) 119. Assess the role of the central government in economic development in TWO countries of the region between 1890 and 1914. (HL) (1991) 120. Does the history of Latin America since 1945 justify the view that Latin American countries are "developing" countries? (HL) (1991) 121. Compare and contrast the role of agriculture in the colonial economies of TWO countries of the region. (HL) (1992) 122. "Wars of independence in the Americas were essentially conservative and not truly revolutionary at all." In reference to the aims of revolutionary leaders, to what extent do you agree with this assessment? Use at least TWO examples. (HL) (1992) 123. What were the main political issues of the Jeffersonian period and how were they resolved? (HL) (1992) 124. What were the main problems of Latin American countries in the generation following independence? Use examples from at least TWO countries (HL) (1992) 125. What problems did Confederation hope to solve in Canada? (HL) (1992)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 10 126. Why were slave insurrections and revolts generally unsuccessful? Use examples from TWO countries. (HL) (1992) 127. How important were the abolitionists in the coming of the Civil War? (HL) (1992) 128. During the nineteenth century, the United States, Canada and Latin America turned to railroad construction to solve perceived problems. What were these problems and how successful were railroads in solving them in TWO countries of the region? (HL) (1992) 129. Compare the policies for settlement of unpopulated areas in the second half of the nineteenth century in TWO countries of the region? (HL) (1992) 130. Trace the evolution of United States foreign policy in regard to Cuba from 1898 to 1959. (HL) (1992) 131. Why did the Mexican Revolution last so long? (HL) (1992) 132. What were the problems of labor in the Great Depression and how did TWO countries of the region attempt to solve them? (HL) (1992) 133. Why did Canada take so long to achieve her independence from Britain? (HL) (1992) 134. Which United States president has left the greatest impact on foreign policy since 1945? (HL) (1992) 135. Does Canada have an independent foreign policy? (HL) (1992) 136. 137. Using specific examples, assess the success of regional cooperation in the hemisphere since 1945? (HL) (1992) 138. Compare and contrast the role of religion in the settlement of TWO areas of the region. (HL) (1993) 139. "The American Revolution and the Latin American Wars of Independence have absolutely nothing in common." Discuss. (HL) (1993) 140. To what extent was the United States Constitution revolutionary? (HL) (1993) 141. Which groups gained and which lost from the Canadian Confederation in 1867? (HL) (1993) 142. Assess the economic profitability of slavery in TWO countries of the region. (HL) (1993 143. In what ways and to what extent were race relations in the South changed by the Civil War
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 11 in the United States? (HL) (1993) 144. Using specific examples from TWO countries, explain what factors influenced the growth of cities in the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1993) 145. Compare the political and economic reasons for westward expansion in TWO countries in the region 1870 to 1900. (HL) (1993) 146. Compare the economic and cultural impact of immigration in any TWO countries of the region, 1890 to 1920. (HL) (1993) 147. Explain the failure of representative government in TWO countries of Latin America in the nineteenth century. (HL) (1993) 148. What did Canada hope to gain by sending armed forces outside her borders in: (A) the Nile Campaign and (B) the Boer War? (HL) (1993) 149. Why did the United States intervene so frequently in Central America before the Second World War? (HL) (1993) 150. What were the results of the Mexican Revolution? (HL) (1993) 151. Give examples from TWO countries in the region which made significant changes in their economic systems in response to the Great Depression. (HL) (1993) 152. To what extent was there 'hemispheric cooperation' prior to and during the Second World War? (HL) (1993) 153. How and why have the President and Congress of the United States come into conflict since 1952? What effect has this had in at least TWO specific areas? (HL) (1993) 154. With reference to at least TWO countries, assess the attempts at land reform in Latin America since 1945. (HL) (1993) 155. "Reformers, revolutionaries, or soldiers?" Who have been more successful in Latin America since 1945? Be specific in reference to at least TWO countries. (HL) (1993) 156. How has Canada's foreign trade evolved since 1945? (HL) (1993) 157. Compare the reasons of TWO of the major imperial powers for undertaking colonization in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1994) 158. Why did revolution occur in the United States in 1776 and not until after 1800 in Latin America? (HL) (1994)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 12 159. Discuss the role of leadership in the formation of new governments in TWO countries of the region in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. (HL) (1994) 160. Analyze the political problems of Upper and Lower Canada prior to the rebellions of 1837. (HL) (1994) 161. What were the major arguments for and against slavery in the period before 1860? (HL) (1994) 162. How successful was Reconstruction following the American Civil War? (HL) (1994) 163. Describe the progress of industrialization in any TWO countries of the region in the first half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1994) 164. Describe and explain the reasons for the patterns of population growth in TWO countries of the region in the nineteenth century. (HL) (1994) 165. Compare the treatment of Asian immigrants in TWO countries of the region, 1890 to 1925. (HL) (1994) 166. Around what issues did political parties form in Latin America in the nineteenth century? With reference to TWO countries, explain the differences and similarities in issues and parties. (HL) (1994) 167. Why was Panama the last republic in the region to gain independence and how did this occur? (HL) (1994) 168. What lasting changes did the Great Depression (1929) bring to the economic structures of any TWO countries of the region? (HL) (1994) 169. Evaluate the contributions of Wilfrid Laurier to Canadian growth, 1896 to 1911. (HL) (1994) 170. What were the basic economic problems of TWO Latin American countries in the first half of the twentieth century and how did they attempt to solve them? (HL) (1994) 171. "By December 1941, the United States was a belligerent in all but name." comment on this statement with regard to United States foreign policy in the decade before Pearl Harbor. (HL) (1994) 172. Compare the domestic programs of TWO United States presidents between 1945 and 1985. Which one do you consider to have been more successful and why? (HL) (1994) 173. Discuss the role of the military in TWO Latin American countries from 1945 to 1980. (HL) (1994)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 13 174. Does Canada have a foreign policy independent of the United States? Be specific in your answer. (HL) (1994) 175. Analyze the trade relations of the United States with ONE other country of the region since 1960. (HL) (1994) 176. Compare and contrast the various types of labor in any TWO areas of the region in the second half of the eighteenth century. (HL) (1995) 177. Why were the causes of the wars of independence in Latin America more social than political? (HL) (1995) 178. Compare the role of the executive in the new governments of TWO countries of the region before 1860. (HL) (1995) 179. What were the political problems in the Canadas in the first half of the nineteenth century? How did both the Canadians and the British attempt to deal with them? (HL) (1995) 180. Why did Brazil become a monarchy in 1822 and a republic in 1889? (HL) (1995) 181. What were the major similarities and differences in the master-slave relationship in the slave cultures of any TWO countries in the region? (HL) (1995) 182. "The United States Civil was entirely an economic struggle" To what extent do you agree with this assessment? (HL) (1995) 183. How were native peoples treated during the territorial expansion of at least TWO countries of the region in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1995) 184. Which groups contributed to and benefitted from urbanization in TWO Latin American cities in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1995) 185. "The economic problems of Latin American countries all result from monoculture." Evaluate the statement using examples from at least TWO countries. (HL) (1995) 186. Why was the First World War so important both politically and economically to Canada's development as a nation?" (HL) (1995) 187. How far was the Spanish-American War a turning-point in relations between the United States and Latin America? (HL) (1995) 188. "The revolution that began in Mexico in 1910 was the most genuine of the many Latin American revolutions up to that time." To what extent do you support this statement? (HL) (1995)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 14 189. What were the causes and characteristics of Peronism? (HL) (1995) 190. Describe the role of the United States and at least ONE country of the region in the Second World War. (HL) (1995) 191. Compare the policies of TWO United States presidents in regard to the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1985. Which was more successful and why? (HL) (1995) 192. Where has political democracy been successful in Latin America since 1945? What conditions were present in at least TWO countries for this to happen? (HL) (1995) 193. Where has political democracy been successful in Latin America since 1945? What conditions were present in at least TWO countries for this to happen? (HL) (1995) 194. How effective were TWO imperial powers in the government of their American colonies in the eighteenth century? (HL) (1996) 195. What similarities and what differences do you find in the causes of the American Revolution (1776) and the Latin American Wars of Independence (1810 and after)? (HL) (1996) 196. Haiti s achievement of independence was unique in the hemisphere. How far do you agree with this judgement? (HL) (1996) 197. What were the goals of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and to what extent did it achieve them? (HL) (1996) 198. What were the forces favoring Confederation in Canada and why? (HL) (1996) 199. To what extent was the expansion of slavery into the territories the primary cause of the United States Civil War? (HL) (1996) 200. In the nineteenth century, immigration was the most important factor in economic growth Assess this view with evidence from TWO countries in the region. (HL) (1996) 201. Compare the success of representative government in any TWO countries of the region in the nineteenth century. (HL) (1996) 202. The National Policy was a complete success. Evaluate its major aspects in relation to the statement. (HL) (1996) 203. Compare the Latin American policies of TWO United States presidents between 1900 and 1930. (HL) (1996)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 15 204. Who deserves the title Father of the Mexican Revolution and why? (HL) (1996) 205. Evaluate the programs of TWO countries in the region for solving the Depression (1929) problems of labor and the farmer. (HL) (1996) 206. The Second World War changed the relationships of the New World with the Old World as significantly as the Wars of Independence. In what ways is this an accurate statement? (HL) (1996) 207. Evaluate the domestic and foreign policies of Lyndon B. Johnson. (HL) (1996) 208. Evaluate the domestic and foreign policies of Lyndon B. Johnson. (HL) (1996) 209. Discuss the impact of transnational corporations on any TWO Latin American countries since 1940? (HL) (1996) 210. To what extent can we say that regionalism is the fundamental problem underlying all others for Canada since 1945? (HL) (1996) 211. Compare and contrast the social and economic groupings of one Latin American and one North American colony in the eighteenth century. (HL) (1997) 212. By what groups and for what reasons was independence opposed in the United States in 1776 and in one Latin American country in 1810 and after? (HL) (1997) 213. What were the political and economic problems of the Confederation period in the United States and how successful were attempts to solve them? (HL) (1997) 214. How successful was Confederation in responding to Canada s political and social problems? (HL) (1997) 215. Who opposed slavery in the Americas and why? (HL) (1997) 216. What were the political causes and results of the US Civil War? (HL) (1997) 217. Analyze the economic issues in Chile in the second half of the nineteenth century, and the various attempts to resolve them. (HL) (1997) 218. Assess the importance of the conscription crisis in Canada s national development. (HL) (1997) 219. Was Woodrow Wilson s Latin American policy consistent with his Fourteen Points? (HL) (1997)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 16 220. What were the economic problems which caused the Mexican Revolution and to what extent were they solved by the Constitution of 1917? (HL) (1997) 221. How and to what extent was the economic role of government changed by the Great Depression of 1929? Draw your examples from at least TWO countries in the region. (HL) (1997) 222. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of foreign investment in TWO Latin American countries of the period 1900-1950. (HL) (1997) 223. What were the results of the Second World War for any TWO countries in the region? (HL) (1997) 224. How would you characterize the role the United States has played in the United Nations since 1945? (HL) (1997) 225. How successful have the forces of the political left been in TWO Latin American countries since 1945? (HL) (1997) 226. In what ways have Canadian-American trade relations evolved since 1960? (HL) (1997) 227. The potential of the OAS for hemispheric cooperation is largely untried. How far would you agree or disagree with this statement? (HL) (1997) 228. Assess the impact of the Christian Churches on the native populations in the Americas during the colonial period. (HL) (1998) 229. Wars of independence in the Americas were primarily caused by political factors. To what extent do you agree with this statement for the period 1775 to 1850? (HL) (1998) 230. What problems faced the United States under the Articles of Confederation and how far did the United States Constitution solve them? (HL) (1998) 231. Analyze the problems of Upper and Lower Canada prior to the rebellions of 1837. (HL) (1998) 232. In the nineteenth century blacks were allowed greater economic and social mobility in Latin America than in the United States. How do you account for this difference? (HL) (1998) 233. Assess the contribution made by African-American soldiers during the United States Civil War. (HL) (1998) 234. Examine the main characteristics of immigration and discuss its impact on one Latin
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 17 American country during the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (1998) 235. How successful were French-Canadians outside the province of Quebec in retaining their linguistic and minority educational rights between 1867 and 1914? (HL) (1998) 236. How far was the United States successful in implementing a closed door policy in Latin America between 1898 and 1914? (HL) (1998) 237. Evaluate the extent to which the leaders of the Mexican Revolution could be considered as either revolutionaries or reformers. (HL) (1998) 238. What changes in economic philosophy did the Great Depression produce in the Americas? Reference should be made to at least two countries in the region. (HL) (1998) 239. How and why did the relationship between Canada and Britain change between 1900 and 1931? (HL) (1998) 240. Compare and contrast the programs of two Latin American leaders in the first half of the twentieth century and assess their successes and failures. (HL) (1998) 241. For what reasons and with what results were Japanese citizens of Canada and the United States interned during the Second World War? (HL) (1998) 242. Analyze the reasons for the longevity of Fidel Castro s rule in Cuba. (HL) (1998) 243. At the time they left office, Presidents Truman and Eisenhower were both given low ratings in Presidential greatness polls. They are now both ranked among the top ten presidents. What factors account for this change? (HL) (1998) 244. How did the foreign policies of the United States government respond to the perceived threat of Communist aggression during the late 1940s and early 1950s? (HL) (1998) 245. With what justification could it be said that Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had similar philosophies but used different methods to campaign for civil rights? (HL) (1998) 246. What were the causes of the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s in Quebec? (HL) (1998) 247. Evaluate the role of the military in two Latin American countries between 1960 and 1980. (HL) (1998) 248. Why did Marxism become popular in Latin America after the 1960s? Support your arguments with examples from at least two countries in Latin America. (HL) (1998)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 18 249. Analyze the trade relations of the United States with one other country of the region since 1960. (HL) (1998) 250. Assess the impact of the War of 1812 on both Canada and the United States. (HL) (November 1999) 251. Was the United States Constitution a revolutionary document? (HL) (November 1999) 252. How and why did the antislavery movement in the United States change during the course of the nineteenth century. (HL) (November 1999) 253. It was the result of tensions between two ways of life. The war was caused by unnecessary fanatical agitations. Which of these explanations for the outbreak of the Civil War in the United States do you consider to be the most appropriate and why? (HL) (November 1999) 254. Explain the effects of economic dependency in two countries of Latin America in the late nineteenth century. (HL) (November 1999) 255. Evaluate the effects of economic effects of the British North America Act (1867) on Canada. (HL) (November 1999) 256. How did the Spanish - American War change United States policy toward the Caribbean? (HL) (November 1999) 257. Francisco Madero has been called the Father of the Mexican Revolution. To what extent do you agree with this description? (HL) (November 1999) 258. Examine the causes of the Great Depression in two countries of the region. (HL) (November 1999) 259. Analyze the relations between Canada and the United States in the first half of the twentieth century? (HL) (November 1999) 260. Why did Juan Peron become the dominant figure in the history of Argentina from 1955 to 1971? (HL) (November 1999) 261. Compare and contrast the treatment of Japanese internees in the United States and Canada during World War II. (HL) (November 1999) 262. Analyze the role of the Catholic Church in Latin America during the period 1960 to 1980. (HL) (November 1999) 263. Assess the impact of the Second World War on minorities in two countries of the region. (HL) (November 1999)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 19 264. Compare and contrast the influence on domestic issues (domestic policy) of two presidents of the United States between 1950 and 1970. (HL) (November 1999) 265. Analyze the foreign policy of two presidents of the United States toward the Middle East between 1970 and 1985. (HL) (November 1999) 266. Evaluate the impact of black power on the Civil Rights movement. (HL) (November 1999) 267. Account for Fidel Castro s rise to power in Cuba and explain the United States reaction to his regime until 1970. (HL) (November 1999) 268. Evaluate the successes and failures of the Organization of American (OAS) from 1970 to 1990. (HL) (November 1999) 269. Examine the role of religion in two colonies of the region. (HL) (1999) 270. Most revolutions in the Americas merely replaced the colonial rulers with a home-grown political elite. How valid is this claim that Wars of Independence in the Americas during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century did not mark a radical change from the past? (HL) (1999) 271. Analyze the economic causes of (a) the War of Independence in the United States and (b) one War of Independence in Latin America. (HL) (1999) 272. How and why did Brazil achieve independence from Portugal in the nineteenth century? (HL) (1999) 273. Analyze the reasons why slavery in the Americas was supported by different social and economic groups. (HL) (1999) 274. Assess the successes and failures of Reconstruction in granting civil and political equality for former slaves in the southern states of the United States. (HL) (1999) 275. Explain the various reasons for the growth of railroads in the region in the period before 1914. Support your answer with specific examples from two countires of the region. (HL) (1999) 276. Discuss the short-term and long-term results of the British North America Act (1867) on Canada. (HL) (1999) 277. Compare and contrast Woodrow Wilson s and Franklin D. Roosevelt s latin American foreign policy. (HL) (1999)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 20 278. Emiliano Zapata s aim was Land and Freedom. How successful and how lasting was the influence of Zapata on the Mexican Revolution? (HL) (1999) 279. Analyze the role of the United States in the Mexican Revolution. (HL) (1999) 280. How successful was Import Substitution Industrialization (I.S.I.) in the 1930s and 1940s in two Latin American countries? (HL) (1999) 281. Analyze the political and economic impact of the First World War on Canada. (HL) (1999) 282. Latin American politics depended much more on personalities than on ideologies in the twentieth century. Referring to at least two countries in the region show how far you agree with this statement. (HL) (1999) 283. How has the role of women and ethnic minorities in either the United States or Canada as a result of the Second World War? (HL) (1999) 284. Explain the reasons for the long-term survival of the regime of Fidel Castro. (HL) (1999) 285. Where, and with what effect, has the Truman Doctrine been applied to foreign policy? (HL) (1999) 286. How successful was Chief Justice Warren in challenging segregation in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s? (HL) (1999) 287. Why did the United States intervene in Vietnam between 1961-1971? (HL) (1999) 288. Compare and contrast the domestic policies of two United States Presidents in the period 1970-1990. (HL) (1999) 289. In what ways, and for what reasons, have there been social obstacles to development in Latin America since 1945? Support your answer with specific examples from two countries of the region. (HL) (1999) 290. Why have various revolutionary movements of the left since 1945 failed in Latin America? (HL) (1999) 291. How successful were the Regional Trade Agreements between 1950 and 1970 in three countries of the region? (HL) (1999) 292. Analyze the social structure of the immigrant population of the colonial society in any two parts or countries of the region in the second half of the eighteenth century. (HL)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 21 (2000) 293. Wars of Independence in the Americas were primarily caused by economic grievances. Discuss how far this claim is justified with reference to any one war of independence in the region in the period 1775 to 1850. (HL) (2000) 294. Compare the problems that emerged in the formation of new systems of goverrnment in two countries of the region after their war of independence. (HL) (2000) 295. Why was the slave rebellion in Haiti successful, while slave rebellions elsewhere in the Americas before 1850 failed? (HL) (2000) 296. Compare the political, economic, and military strengths and weaknesses of the North and South United States at the beginning of the United States Civil War in 1863? (HL) (2000) 297. The attempts in the Reconstruction period 1865 to 1877 to solve problems caused by the Civil War failed African-Americans. To what extent do you agree with this statement? (HL) (2000) 298. Analyze the factors which contributed to the movement of population in any two countries of Latin America in the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (2000) 299. Explain the challenges faced by Canada between Confederation in 1867 and 1900, and assess how successfully they were overcome. (HL) (2000) 300. For what reasons, and with what results, did the United States intervene in Latin America in the period 1898 to 1932? (HL) (2000) 301. The Mexican Revolution of the early twentieth century was not one but two revolutions, one led by reformers and the other led by revolutionaries. To what extent do you agree with this view? (HL) (2000) 302. As a result of the First World War, Canadians were much more united in 1918 than they had been in 1914. How justified is this claim? (HL) (2000) 303. How and why did F. D. Roosevelt s domestic policies in the 1930s affect the power of the presidency, the power of the states and attitudes towards governemnt regulation of the economy? (HL) (2000) 304. With reference to both domestic and foreign policy, assess the achievements and limitations of Mackenzie King as Prime Minister of Canada. (HL) (2000) 305. Analyze the policies of one populist leader in Latin America in the first half of the twentieth century and assess their effectiveness. (HL) (2000)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 22 306. In what ways were women and minorities affected by the Second World War in any two countries in the region? (HL) (2000) 307. In what ways, and to what extent, did Eisenhower s foreign policy domonstrate the limits of American power in the 1950s? (HL) (2000) 308. Compare the significance of the events at Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 with those of Birmingham, Alabama in 1963 in the campaign for civil rights by African Americans. (HL) (2000) 309. Assess the achievements and limitations of the domestic policies of any two Presidents of the United States of America in the period 1961 to 1988. (HL) (2000) 310. With reference to either the different regions of Canada or to any two countries in mainland Latin America, analyze the impact of economic changes between 1960 and 1990. (HL) (2000) 311. To what extent was Castro able to achieve his aims between 1959 and 1990, and what prevented him from achieving more? (HL) (2000) 312. Discuss the view that the Organization of American States (OAS) had more successes than failures in the period 1950 to 1990. (HL) (2000) 313. In what ways and for what reasons did the treatment of indigenous peoples in the eighteenth century differ in the Americas? At least two specific examples should be discussed. (HL) (2001) 314. Compare and contrast the leadership role of two of the following in Wars of Independence in the US and Latin America: Washington, Jefferson, Bolivar, San Martin. (HL) (2001) 315. I have already intimated to you the danger of parties.... (George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796) Why, despite George Washington s warnings, did political parties emerge in the US in the period 1796-1828? (HL) (2001) 316. How did Brazil achieve independence from Portugal in the nineteenth century, and why was the Brazilian path to independence different from that of Spanish America? (HL) (2001) 317. The causes of the 1837 rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada had little in common. How far do you agree with this claim? (HL) (2001) 318. Analyze the major similarities and differences in the master-slave relationship in the slave culture of two countries of the region during the nineteenth century. (HL) (2001)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 23 319. Abraham Lincoln has been given greater credit than he deserves for the emancipation of slaves in the US. How far do you agree with this statement? (HL) (2001) 320. To what extent, and for what reasons, did French-Canadians outside Quebec province retain their linguistic and minority educational rights between 1867 and 1914? (HL) (2001) 321. Examine the positive and negative effects of immigration in two Latin American countries during the second half of the nineteenth century. (HL) (2001) 322. Examine the causes for, and the impact of, the growth of union in two countries of the region in the period 1890 to 1920. (HL) (2001) 323. In what ways and for what reasons, did the US intervene in Latin America in the period 1898 to 1932? (HL) (2001) 324. How important were economic grievances in causing the Mexican Revolution that began in 1910 and to what extent were these grievances solved by the Constitution of 1917? (HL) (2001) 325. How important were economic grievances in causing the Mexican Revolution that began in 1910, and to what extent were these grievances solved by the Constitution of 1917? (HL) (2001) 326. Analyze the impact of the First World War upon the political and economic development of Canada between 1914 and 1930. (HL) (2001) 327. With reference to any two countries in the region, evaluate the effectiveness of governmental programs in solving the problems confronting agriculture and industry during the Great Depression. (HL) (2001) 328. Assess the domestic (internal) program and policies of one populist leader of Latin America in the period 1900 to 1955. (HL) (2001) 329. Examine the military and diplomatic role of two countries in the region during the Second World War. (HL) (2001) 330. Analyze the political impact of the Vietnam War upon the US between 1964 and 1974. (HL) (2001) 331. With reference to their aims and actions, examine the foreign policy of one of the following presidents of the US: Truman; Eisenhower; Carter; Reagan. (HL) (2001) 332. In what ways, and for what reasons, were there differences in the philosophy and methods
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 24 of the campaigns for civil rights of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X? (HL) (2001) 333. Analyze the main political and economic developments in either Canada or one country mainland Latin America during the period 1960 to 1990. (HL) (2001) 334. Cuba, unlike other Latin American countries, has created a true social revolution. How valid is this assessment of the impact of Castro s regime upon Cuba? (HL) (2001) 335. To what extent was the Organization of American States (OAS) able to achieve its aims in the period 1970 to 1990, and what factors hindered greater success? (HL) (2001) 336. To what extent did either Britain or France govern their colonies in the Americas for their own economic gain? (HL) (2002) 337. Assess the impact on the social classes, in at least two countries in the Americas, of the Wars of Independence in those countries. (HL) (2002) 338. To what extent were the grievances expressed in the Declaration of Independence successfully addressed by the Articles of Confederation? (HL) (2002) 339. In 1865, a Canadian politician said, The British North American colonies face a choice between Confederation or absorption into the United States. How accurate, in your opinion, was this observation? (HL) (2002) 340. Analyze the conditions that produced slave insurrections either in the United States or Brazil. To what extent were these insurrections successful? (HL) (2002) 341. To what extent did economic and social differences cause the United States Civil War? (HL) (2002) 342. Define economic dependency and account for its emergence in, and importance for, one country of Latin America in the late nineteenth century. (HL) (2002) 343. Analyze the treatment of the indigenous people of Western Canada between Confederation and the First World War. (HL) (2002) 344. How successful was the United States foreign policy towards Latin America in the first decade of the twentieth century? (HL) (2002) 345. To what extent were the aims of Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa realised during the Mexican Revolution (1910 to 1940)? (HL) (2002) 346. Assess the impact of the Great Depression on the society of any one country of the region. Provide specific examples to support your answer. (HL) (2002)
Paper 03 1985-2011 Questions Chronological Page 25 347. In what ways, and for what reasons, did the relationship between Canada and Britain change between 1900 and 1931? (HL) (2002) 348. In what ways, and with what results, did either Per6n or Vargas pursue populist policies? (HL) (2002) 349. Compare and contrast the attitudes to, and roles in, the Second World War of Canada and Argentina. (HL) (2002) 350. Compare and contrast the Cold War policies of Truman and Eisenhower. (HL) (2002) 351. Analyze the successes and failures of the United States Civil Rights movement between 1954 and 1964. (HL) (2002) 352. Vietnam and Watergate destroyed the reputations of various United States Presidents in the 1960s and 1970s. To what extent do you agree with this judgment? (HL) (2002) 353. To what extent has either Canada or one Latin American country developed a foreign policy independent of the United States since 1945? (HL) (2002) 354. Analyze the reasons for the United States intervention in Guatemala in 1954. (HL) (2002) 355. President Reagan s policies brought great benefits to the United States in the period 1981 to 1990. How far do you agree with this judgment? (HL) (2002) 356. Why was the Organization of American States (OAS) founded and how successful has it been in achieving its aims? (HL) (2002) 357. Explain why the treatment of indigenous peoples in the colonial period differed considerably according to the origin of the colonists.? (HL) (2003) 358. Analyze the role of different social classes in the Wars of Independence in either the United States or Latin America.? (HL) (2003) 359. Compare and contrast the role of leadership of two of the following: Washington, Jefferson, Bolivar, San Martin. (HL) (2003) 360. What were the main features of the Articles of Confederation, and how successful was the government that resulted from them? (HL) (2003) 361. Discuss the reasons why the Durham Report recommended French-Canadian assimilation. (HL) (2003)