China Builds A Bureaucracy* Learning Goal 4: Describe the basic beliefs of legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism and explain how classical Chinese leaders created a strong centralized government based on Confucian teachings. (TEKS/SE s 3A,23A,16C,25A) Essential Question: What are the basic beliefs of legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism? How did Classical Chinese leaders create a strong centralized government based on Confucian teachings?
Classical Era: China Chinese history is generally divided into periods based upon the dynasty that ruled at that time. From 1027 B.C. to 220 A.D., China was ruled by three main dynasties. Zhou Dynasty 1027 B.C. 221 B.C. Qin Dynasty 221 B.C. 206 B.C. Han Dynasty 206 B.C. 220 A.D.
Warring States Period (~250 years) Ideas of Legalism & Confucianism created Nobles start raising their own armies, stop paying taxes. (stop obeying the dynasty) Zhou family claims mandate of Heaven Dynastic Cycle of The Zhou Dynasty, 1122 B.C. 256 B.C. Period of prosperity & stability Feudal Rule Nobles are given land in exchange for military support. Taxes Raised.
Zhou Dynasty 1122 B.C. 256 B.C. Zhou rulers justified their rule as the Mandate of Heaven Belief that the dynasty was chosen to rule by heaven If things start to go wrong under a dynasty (floods, drought, riots, etc.) that meant the dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven It was then the citizens duty to overthrow them Chinese Dynastic Cycle begins Zhou Dynasty was based on feudal rule Land was given to nobles in exchange for military service
Qin family claims mandate of Heaven Qin Shih Huand-ti dies. People rebel against his harsh rule Dynastic Cycle of a The Qin Dynasty (brief) Period of prosperity & stability - Begin work on Great Wall & Grand Canal - Unifies China after Warring States Book burning, Persecution of Confucians (burned alive) Legalism- people are by nature wicked. Need harsh rules & strict punishments
Qin Dynasty 221 B.C.- 206 B.C. Arose from the Warring States Period in 221 BCE used a philosophy of strict rule to dominate their neighbors in western China. Qin Shi Huangdi = first ruler of the Qin Dynasty from 221-210 BCE harsh yet skillful ruler divided China into administrative provinces Ruthless leader- forced labor, burned Confucians alive, Burned literature
QIN DYNASTY (CONT.) Qin accomplishments: common language common currency ordered the building of roads constructed the first fortifications of the Great Wall standardized laws in the region contributed to the unification of China. After Qin Shi Huangdi died rebellions and violent revolts Han Dynasty quickly took over
Plague, corruption within government, nomadic invaders, too large Han Dynasty claims mandate of Heaven Dynastic Cycle of a The Han Dynasty Period of prosperity & stability (400 years) Civil Service examination (must pass test to work in bureaucratic government) Legalism replaced with Confucianism Invent paper, Silk Road trade flourishes
Established in 206 BCE, ruled China for over 400 years! So influential that some Chinese still call themselves people of Han The Han focused more on Confucianism Established a centralized system of government to run the empire Developed a strong central bureaucracy by introducing the Civil Service Exam In order to get a job in the govt. one had to pass the test Test about knowledge of history and Confucian philosophy Provided a way for commoners to move up the social ladder
Invented paper in 105 BCE Stirrups for horses were invented Population under this dynasty swelled to 60 million Economic imbalance allowed the rich to grow richer at the expense of the poor. During this time, political instability grew Eventually, in 220 AD, the Han dynasty collapsed into three separate kingdoms.
The Silk Road Trails for trade between Asia, India, and Rome The road was primarily established on silk trade and other luxury items, also involved in the spread of ideas and beliefs, contributing to cultural diffusion between the major regions of the time period.
Notebook Test & Rest of Class Turn in your notebook test when done Remaining class time will be for finishing your Hinduism/Buddhism brochure Email the brochure to Caitlin_mitrowski@roundrockisd.org if it is electronic; turn it in if paper