u Palace in Versailles focal point of anger.! u Example of the American Revolution and the Enlightenment ideas the people of France are not happy.! u Louis XVI is in trouble..!!! v 1700 s France is the most advanced country of Europe. v But.. Great unrest exist v 3 Estates v 1 st Catholic Church 10 % of land, contributes 2% of income to France v 2 nd Estate= Rich nobles, 2% of population, 20% of land, no taxes. v 3 rd 97% of people, high taxes, no privileges 1
u Louis XVI is an indecisive leader and allows things to drift. u Wife, Marie Antoinette, was unpopular (Austrian, Frances long time enemy) 2
q Estates General called after Louis had spent all of Frances money (wife) q First time in 175 years. Held at Palace of Versailles. q Estates General use to vote by each estate getting one vote, the 3 rd Estate want each person to get one vote (1 st and 2 nd estates always outvoted them) q King say no q 3 rd estate called for a National Assembly and proclaimed end to monarch q Get locked out of meeting q Some clergy side with 3 rd estate and Louis is in trouble. q Storming of Bastille q In Paris, rumors are flying around that Louis intent was to use military force or have foreign troops come in and slaughter Frenchmen q People prepare for worse and gather weapons, storm Prison of Bastille in search for Gunpowder. q Kill guards and commanders and stick dead men s heads on pikes q July 14 is Bastille day in France (National holiday) q FEAR SWEEPS THROUGH FRANCE q King flees for life. 3
Louis XVI trying to escape 4
REIGN OF TERROR AT THE END OF THE REIGN OF TERROR, A YOUNG GENERAL NAMED NAPOLION BONAPARTE WAS LEADING THEIR ARMIES.. Napoleon # 34 (1769-- is compared to, Alexander the Great(33), Hannibal of Carthage, Genghis Khan (21), & Julius Caesar!(19) Sent to military academy and graduates in 1785 at age 16. Becomes HERO during French Revolution 1793 wins victory in Italy (Toulon) which he recaptured a city from British. 1798 invades Egypt.. Napoleon is good on land but gets kicked at sea (forget about this battle) Coup d etat new government,,,, Napoleon becomes dictator. 5
v Creates a French Civil Code (still used today) (Napoleon code tries to set uniform laws and eliminate injustices, end corruption & inefficiency in government. v SOLD LOUISIANA TERRITORY TO U.S. $$$ v Fights a lot with England they control the seas, France is tough on land v 1805 Attacks Austria and Russia and does well.(had alliance with Russia, But..) v Russia keeps retreating farther and farther into Russia. v Burn Moscow to ground before French can get there v Napoleon retreats back to France, but gets caught in the Russian winter and attacks by Russia Weakness is shown and others seek blood. Napoleons downfall Desire for power raised him to great heights it also led him to his doom. MISTAKES Naval Blockade Butts heads with British trying to control trade & ports. (causes war of 1812) War in Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) Lost 300,000 men (guerrilla warfare) Invasion of Russia starts with 420,000 troops ends with 10,000 6
Napoleons downfall Untrained new troops are ill prepared for allied armies of Europe. April 1814 generals refuse to fight Prussian and Russian invaders. Surrender, Napoleon is exiled to island of Elba (off Italian coast) Escapes in 1815 & within days named emperor of France Waterloo (Belgium) British and Prussian troops stop Napoleon Exiled to St. Helena (South Atlantic) Dies in 1821 of Stomach cancer Pg 666 7
Pg 670 Pg 674 8
u Lasting effects u Louisiana Purchase (largest peaceful transfer of land in all of History) u Invasion of Spain weakens them & they loose there American colonies. u French Civil code 9