Extra Credit 1. What Estate held high offices in army, government & courts? 2. Besides the French Revolution, what other event took place in 1789? 3. Identify the three groups of people that made up the 3rd Estate. 4. In what country did the swine flu start? 5. What group has the most to lose under Taliban rule?
Start of the French Revolution I. The 3rd Estate looked to Louis XVI for reforms A. Louis faced a financial crisis (pay for wars & luxuries) B. 3 rd Estate wanted a constitutional government that would abolish tax exemptions for 1 st & 2 nd Estates C. The King called for a meeting of the Estate s General (Unheard of hadn t been called in 175 years) II. The 3rd Estate took a stand against the King A. 3rd felt they should get more votes (according to % of population instead of one vote) KING REFUSED!!!! B. 3 rd Estate changed their name to the National Assembly (made Tennis Court Oath) C. Louis orders Swiss guards to march on Paris
III. Paris mobs stormed the Bastille (Royal armory & prison) A. a great symbolic act of revolution July 14 th is France s Independence Day (Bastille Day) B. A Great Fear swept French countryside; peasants fear foreign invasion attack nobles to destroy records C. King & family forced to leave Versailles & return to Paris
Extra Credit 1. How many years had it been since the last Estates General was called by the King? 2. What name did the 3 rd Estate take for the new government? 3. What is France s Independence Day called? 4. Who attacked the noble in the countryside during the Great Fear? 5. What did the mob do with the stones from the Bastille?
Destruction of the Old Regime The storming of the Bastille saved the National Assembly -it spelled doom for the monarchy -National Assembly adopted Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789 -New Constitution passed in 1791; Constitutional Monarchy Louis reluctantly accepted the Constitution -Louis & wife tried to escape France but were caught -in 1792, Austria & Prussia threaten to restore monarchy ; France declares war on Austria (War goes badly @ 1 st ) French Radicals call for sweeping changes -Paris Commune (radical Sans-culottes) took power from National Assembly -Radicals in Commune replace the National Assembly with the National Convention -radical reformers known as the Mountain were members of a radical Club called Jacobins (they wanted to execute the king) -radicals execute Louis XVI for treason on January 21, 1793
Read the following statements and answer true or false 1. During the Reign of Terror 20,000 people were killed. 2. Revolutionary armies killed 1,800 of their fellow citizens in the town of Lyon. 3. The 1 st and 2 nd Estates had the largest amount of people killed during the Reign of Terror.
French Revolution enters a more radical phase -Georges Danton and san-culottes sought revenge on those who aided the king -Jean-Paul Marat argued the poor had a right to take from the rich what ever they needed even by force! -A foreign Crisis arose: Spain, Port., Britain invaded France-mad about Louis execution/ feared the revolution would spread to their countries -France raised a citizen army of 1.1 million soldiers and changed warfare forever in Europe (Nationalism) -at the same time, Robespierre, and Committee of Public Safety unleashed a Reign of Terror to destroy political enemies within France -over 40,000 people were executed by the guillotine! -15% From 1 st and 2 nd Estate; surprisingly -80% from 3 rd Estate Reign of Terror comes to an end -moderates argued that the reign of terror went too far; they executed leader Robespierre -Bourgeoisie leaders formed a new government called the Directory to restore order; appoint Napoleon commander of France s armies
Extra Credit Questions from the Video 1. At what age did Napoleon receive a scholarship to attend a military school? 2. What did he study obsessively at the academy? 3. Why is military glory like riding a tiger? 4. Who was the only person capable of defeating Napoleon? 5. What country did Napoleon want to hurt with the Continental System?
Napoleon s Rise to Power The citizen army offered new opportunities for Napoleon -he saved the National Convention in 1795 from a Royalist rebellion -he was given command of French army in Italy as a reward Napoleon crushed the Austrians & her allies -hailed as France s new hero -French people had lost confidence in the Directory -through a series of victories, Napoleon controls most of Europe -people want Napoleon as leader Napoleon held several plebiscites to gain greater power -election where you vote yes or no -in 1804, voters made Napoleon emperor for life -cleverly, he used democratic processes to destroy the Republic created by the Revolution
Extra Credit 1. What radical advocated force to seize land and money from the rich? 2. Pride in ones nation is called. 3. How many people died during the reign of Terror? 4. What was the name of the group headed by Robespierre? 5. What is the French name for Middle Class?
Napoleon's empire collapsed Napoleon spread new ideas across Europe -abolished serfdom -introduced religious tolerance -created the Napoleonic Code of laws (France's 1 st law code) Napoleon made three disastrous misjudgments 1) Set up a Continental System to blockade Great Britain *hurt his allies trade 2) Misjudged the power of Nationalism *lost over 300,000 men fighting Spain and Germany 3) Invaded Russia *Russian practiced scorched-earth policy; cold winter; Napoleon lost 500,000 soldiers (exiled to Elba he did return)
Napoleon s reign comes to an end -suffers crushing defeat to British and Prussians at the Battle of Waterloo -exiled once more to St. Helena -dies on May 20, 1821 Such work as mine is not done twice in a century. I have saved the Revolution as it lay dying. I have cleansed it of its crimes, and have held it up to the people shining with fame. I have inspired France and Europe with new ideas that will never be forgotten. Napoleon He was as great as a man can be without virtue. Alexis do Tocqueville
Select any 16 terms Tennis Court Oath Sans-culottes Public Safety Third Estate Waterloo Robespierre Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Reign of Terror Marat Elba St. Helena Scorched Earth Wellington Louis XVI Bastille Marie Antoinette Taille Guillotine Great Fear Josephine Prussia Marie Louise Citizen National Convention Corsica Plebiscite Radical