1 French Revolution I. 3 estates A. 1 st estate 1. Clergy 5-10% of the land B. 2 nd estate 1. Nobles 25% of the land C. 3 rd estate 1. Peasants 40-60% of the land 2. Artisans 3. Bourgeoisie (Middle Class) II. Louis XVI A. Supported the American Revolution 1. This caused hardship on the economy B. Tried to tax nobles and clergy 1. Both sides refused to pay taxes 2. Most of the tax burden fell upon the 3 rd estate C. A bread shortage occurs in 1788-1789 1. Louis called the Estates-General together III. Estates-General A. It was made up of delegates from each estate B. Each estate had one vote C. King Louis XVI hoped that he could play the estates against one another so that he could collect taxes 1. His plan backfires 2. 1 st & 2 nd estates try to dominate the proceedings to gain even more power 3. 3 rd estate refuses to be pushed around 4. 3 rd estate wanted each individual to have a vote 5. 3 rd estate is locked out of the Estate-General 6. 3 rd estate comes together as the National Assembly
2 IV. National Assembly A. They met in a nearby tennis court B. They took the Tennis Court Oath 1. They promised a constitution for France 2. Louis ordered the 1 st & 2 nd estates to join with the 3 rd estate 3. 3 rd estate wanted complete equality 4. Louis planned to halt reforms 5. France was in a state of anxiety 6. A mob stormed the Bastille V. Bastille Day A. July 14, 1789 B. A mob storms the prison C. The mob wanted gunpowder and weapons D. Violence erupted 1. 98 rioters were killed 2. 7 soldiers were killed 3. The rioters took over the prison E. A revolutionary government was created F. France s Independence Day G. Violence erupted throughout France VI. The Great Fear A. The peasants armed themselves in fear of the nobles B. The peasants attacked the nobles 1. They took their land 2. They destroyed their feudal records 3. They stole their crops C. Fear caused the nobles to agree with the new reforms
3 VII. The Declaration of Rights A. Modeled after the Declaration of Independence B. Modeled after the English Bill of Rights C. Incorporate Enlightenment ideas D. Guaranteed certain freedoms 1. Speech 2. Press 3. Religion 4. Protected against unfair punishment E. Did not give rights to women at this time F. Is the modern day French Constitution VIII. The Declaration of Rights vs. Louis XVI A. Louis refused the declaration B. The people wanted Louis to come to Paris C. October 1789 a large bread riot breaks out D. Fish ladies storm the palace E. Louis agreed to Paris ( with a little help ) F. The King and the National Assembly move to Paris IX. New Reforms A. Confiscated church lands B. Passed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy 1. Clergy had to take an oath of loyalty 2. There were 2 catholic churches in France C. Passed a new Constitution in 1791 1. They kept the monarch 2. They set up a unicameral legislature 3. Males who paid a tax could vote 4. Many people were not happy 5. This caused a split in the National Assembly a. Royalist b. Moderates c. Radicals
4 X. The French Revolution Spreads A. King tried to flee to Austria B. The king is captured C. Fear spread to other countries D. Frances declares war on Austria in 1792 1. The war caused turmoil in France 2. King is arrested 3. Radicals dissolved the national Assembly E. The French create a Republic 1. The new constitution gave every male the right to vote 2. They changed weights and measurements to the metric system 3. The new Republic put Louis XVI on trial 4. The King is beheaded XI. Problems with the Republic A. Countries joined in the war against France 1. Great Britain & the Netherlands 2. Spain & Sardinia 3. Prussia 4. Conscription B. There was a split in ideologies 1. Jacobins (Mountain) a. The wanted the Revolution 2. Girondist a. They wanted to call a halt to the revolution 3. The Plain a. They were the undecided group b. They joined with the Mountain C. There were problems in the countryside 1. The Mountains accused the Girondist of being Royalist
5 XII. The Reign of Terror A. 17, 000 people were beheaded B. There were neighborhood watch groups C. The Jacobins tried to due away with Christianity 1. They closed churches 2. Took land away from the clergy D. They put Marie Antoinette on trial 1. They beheaded the queen E. Robespierre had Danton beheaded F. The people put Robespierre to death 1. This ended the Reign of Terror XIII. Napoleon takes over A. He is known as the general who crushed the Royalist B. He defeated the Austrians C. He fought the British 1. The French lose at sea to Admiral Horatio Nelson by a port at Alexandria 2. He abounded his army in Egypt and returned to France 3. People greeted him as a hero 4. He stages a coup de tat 5. He seized power from the Directory D. Napoleon proclaimed himself as Emperor of France XIV. Napoleon A. He ruled from 1804-1815 B. He restored order C. He set up the Napoleonic Code 1. State was first 2. Individual was second 3. All men were create equal 4. Women s rights were taken away 5. Curtailed freedom of the press and speech D. Made peace with the Catholic Church 1. Concordat of 1801 2. Pope Pius VII 3. Napoleon maintained the right to name the bishops
6 E. He tried to expand the kingdom 1. War with Britain 2. Lost at the battle of Trafalgar 3. Set up the Continental System 4. Invaded Russia Russian winter F. Hundred Days 1. Reigned as Emperor again 2. Lost at Waterloo 3. Exiled to Saint Helena 4. Died in 1821 XV. Congress of Vienna 100 years of Peace A. Restored order in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars B. Metternich System 1. Prince Klemens von Metternich 2. From Austria 3. He wanted to restore Europe to its Old Order a. Compensation b. Legitimacy c. Balance of Power 4. He wants to protect the Concert of Europe a. He opposed liberalism b. He opposed nationalism c. He defended absolute Monarchy C. The Quadruple Alliance The Great Powers of Europe 1. Russia 2. Austria 3. Great Britain 4. Prussia D. France Louis XVIII was restored to power From the Bourbon family