EARLY AMERICA EOC Study Packet 1. What was the reason behind writing the Declaration of Independence? 2. Founding Fathers - Write the name of the Founding Father next to the statement that describes them. Benjamin Rush John Hancock John Jay John Witherspoon John Peter Muhlenberg Charles Carroll Jonathan Trumball A. Known as "Father of American Medicine." Signer of the Declaration of Independence. B. American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution. C. Scottish immigrant who was a leading member of the Second Continental Congress. A signer of the Declaration of Independence. D. Only British colonial governor to side with the colonists during the American Revolution. Advisor to George Washington. E. Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence. F. Protestant minister who recruited soldiers and rose to the rank of general. G. One of the wealthiest men in the colonies. He helped finance the Revolution with his own money. 3. Write the meaning of the quotes below in your own words Declaration of Independence Summarize grievances from the Declaration of Independence. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. Constitution & Bill of Rights How was the grievance from the Declaration of Independence addressed in the Constitution? The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second year by the People. He has kept among us, in times of peace, No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered 1
Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. For imposing taxes on us without our consent. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises 15 4. Applying the Principles of the Constitution - Match each statement with the constitutional principle it best describes. P popular sovereignty F federalism S separation of powers R republicanism L limited government C checks and balances 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. The people elect senators to serve in Washington, D.C. The national government conducts foreign policy. We the people do ordain and establish this Constitution. Congress may impeach judges and the president. Government officials are never above the law. Government is by the consent of the governed. The president appoints federal judges who are then approved by Congress. The Legislative Branch makes the laws. Congress can override a presidential veto by two-thirds vote in each house. Both the federal and state governments can impose taxes. INDUSTRIAL AGE 2
1. What were causes of the United States becoming an Industrial Nation during the late 1800 s? Causes United States as an Industrial Nation 2. Between 1880 and 1900 why did most immigrants that came to the United States settle in cities? 3. Describe the working conditions in factories in the 1800 s. 8. What types of technology made it possible for skyscrapers to be built? 9. Describe the migration of people to the cities. 10. Why did immigrants coming to the U.S. settle in the cities? 11. What were the negative effects of Urbanization? Urbanization Effects 12. What were some of the effects of Westward Expansion? 3
Westward Expansion Effects 13. Define Monopoly 14. Define Nativism 15. How did the theory of laissez faire economics impact businesses in the 1800s? 16 Describe how the Dawes Act affected the Native Americans? 17 The Homestead Act promoted the development of western lands by which group of people? PROGRESSIVE ERA 4
1. What was the significance of following muckrakers and reform leaders of the Progressive Era? Leaders of the Progressive Era Significance (importance/consequence) of reformers Upton Sinclair Susan B. Anthony Ida B. Wells W. E. B. DuBois 2. What were the goals of the Progressives? 3. (Pictured) started the House, a settlement house where immigrant families could go to receive education, job training, and child care, amongst other things. Settlement houses served as community centers for immigrants trying to make their way in America. D 4. Before Teddy Roosevelt was elected president, the federal government had tended to side with big business when there were conflicts between business and labor. Roosevelt offered Americans a Deal, promising to stand up to corporations who didn t play fairly. TR earned the reputation as a buster for prosecuting corporations who flagrantly violated the principles of the Sherman Antitrust Act. However, it became apparent that the Sherman Act was not strong enough to rein in monopolies. 4. Identify the following Amendments: 5
16 th Amendment 17th Amendment 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Repealed by the Amendment 5. What impact did the Progressive Era have on individuals in the United States? 6. What was the Social Gospel Movement? What was its legacy? 7. Define the following reforms Recall: Initiative: Referendum: Secret Ballot 9. What is a philanthropist? How were Carnegie and Rockefeller philanthropists? IMPERIALISM & WWI 1. Motivations for American Imperialism (FILL IN THE BLANK) 6
Social Europeans and Americans believed that their civilization as superior to those of Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Spread and Western Civilization American imperialists had convinced themselves that they had an obligation, referred to as the White Man s Burden, to spread Christianity and elevate subject peoples while exploiting them economically. Expansion of Imperialism opened foreign markets for American agricultural and industrial products, easing economic tensions at home. Bases America sought to assert itself as a naval power in the early twentieth century. Imperialism provided the United States with naval bases in the Caribbean and the Pacific. 2. The Spanish-American War marked TURNING POINT in history due to United States emergence as a. 3. Causes of the Spanish American War (FILL IN THE BLANK) American sympathy for The explosion of the rebels in who were fighting against Spain for their independence. U.S.S. in Havana Harbor. Journalism NYC Newspapers published sensational headlines in order to compete for circulation. 4. AMERICA WINS and inherits what s left of Spain s colonial empire: (FILL IN THE BLANK) In the Pacific In the Caribbean 1. 2. 3. 1. (Annexed) 2. (Controlled) 5. U.S. Imperialism in China The Policy opened Chinese markets to the U.S. by allowing American businesses to trade alongside European powers. The Rebellion was an anti-imperialist uprising in China that was put down by American and British forces. 6. US Intervention in Latin America Amendment: U.S. can intervene in to prevent civil unrest 7
Teddy Diplomacy TR described his foreign policy as being inspired by the West African proverb, Speak softly and carry a big stick. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Doctrine established The United States helped gain independence from Colombia in order to gain access rights to construct the Panama. 7. 1914: World War I Begins (FILL IN THE BLANK) The Causes: The System & The Igniting Incident: Archduke Franz of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in 1914. Following the assassination, alliances were invoked, leading to a full-scale war with Britain, France, and allies on one side and Germany and allies on the other. 8. What events lead the United States to enter World War I? 1. CRUISE SHIP Sinking of the (1915) 2. TELEGRAM The Note (Germany to ) 3. SUBMARINE Submarine Warfare 9. What technological advances made World War I different from other wars? 10. What is the significance of the Battle of Argonne Forest? 11. What were the economic effects on the home front (US)? 8
12. The & Acts (1917-1918) banned Americans from undermining the war effort by speaking out against the war and doing anything else (discouraging the purchase of war bonds, opposing the draft, etc.) that could undermine the war effort. 13. WILSON S POINTS: 1. Freedom of the 2. Reduction of 3. Open Negotiations 4. - of Peoples 5. of 14. List the peace terms that ended WWI through the Treaty of Versailles. 15. Why did the US Senate reject the League of Nations? 16. America retreats into after World War I 17. Significant people involved in America s emergence as a world power: A. His assassination sparked the start of WWI B. President during WWI. Issued the Fourteen Points and supported the League of Nations. C. Commanded American Expeditionary Force during WWI D. U.S. Senator who led the fight against joining the League of Nations E. U.S. Admiral and imperialist who encouraged the U.S. to strengthen its naval power to become a world power. ROARING TWENTIES 1. What did Warren Harding mean when he called for a return to normalcy? 9
2. What factors sparked the prosperity of the 1920s? 13. In what ways did the 1920s witness a conflict in values? Events of the 1920s: Causes Explanation Effects 3. Red Scare 5. Scopes Monkey Trial 6. Eugenics 7. New Restrictions on Immigration 8. Changing Role of Women 9. Teapot Dome Scandal 10. What impact did the Harlem Renaissance have on the African American community in America? Popular Heroes 11. Charles Lindberg s accomplishments - 10
12. Amelia Earhart s accomplishments - 13. How did the accomplishments of these heroes impact society during the 1920s? 14. Prohibition ORIGINS: Movement (Antebellum Period) Prohibition gained traction during WWI due to anti-german sentiment and the wartime push to conserve grain (the primary ingredient in beer and liquor). th Amendment ENFORCEMENT UNSUCCESSFUL st Amendment Banned the sale and consumption of intoxicating liquors Illegal alcohol sellers (e.g., Al Capone) Private clubs where alcohol was illegally consumed REPEALED the 18 th Amendment (1933) 15. Production & Consumer Culture Henry Ford s Line made production more efficient but cut out the need for skilled laborers. Automobiles became prevalent during the 1920s because of Ford s assembly line. New electric appliances, such as the vacuum cleaner, iron, and washing machine made it easier than ever for housewives to do household chores. Americans who couldn t afford the new appliances purchased them on the plan. Advertisements encouraged people to BUY Pay! RESULT: THE GREAT DEPRESSION & NEW DEAL Causes of the Great Depression 11
1. Factors Contributing to Consumer Debt: The s Easy Money Policies During the 1920s, the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low, which encouraged borrowing. After the stock market crash, the Fed suddenly TIGHTENED the money supply. Overconsumption Consumers borrowed money to pay for new appliances and other consumer goods, purchasing these items on the plan. SPECULATION: Stock Market SPECULATION Buying on the (Borrowing $$$ to buy stocks) 2. By the late 1920s, consumers had so much debt that they could no longer pay for expensive consumer goods, which lowered demand. This resulted in overproduction, resulting in decreased profits for companies. STOCK MARKET (1929) Dust Bowl 3. Causes of the Dust Bowl During the Dust Bowl, many people who left their farms in the 1930s migrated to The Dust Bowl had the greatest impact on living in the 4. President Herbert tried unsuccessfully to help: 1. Tax 2. - Tariff (Second Highest in US History) 5. Hoover REJECTED the idea of RELIEF to the poor. became a symbol of most Americans lack of confidence in Hoover s leadership. 6. The New Deal Franklin D. (FDR) (Elected 1932) The Three R s of the New Deal: 12
R R R PANIC: The only thing we have to fear is, itself. Inaugural Address FDR used chats, radio addresses that he used to explain his plans to the people in plain language. 7. FDR s Alphabet Soup (New Deal Agencies created by the FDR administration) Name: (FDIC) Purpose: AAA Name: Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) Purpose: Name: National Recovery Administration (NRA) Purpose: SEC Name: (SEC) Purpose: Name: (TVA) Purpose: CCC Name: Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Purpose: SSA Social Security Administration NLRB National Labor Relations Board 13
8. Describe New Deal opponents criticisms of New Deal Policies 9. The Supreme Court and the New Deal In Schechter v. United States (1935), the Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Act. This is an example of judicial, a principle established by John Marshall in v.. In response to the Supreme Court s ruling, FDR presented a plan to Congress to the Supreme Court, which would have allowed the president to appoint more justices to the Court. This plan undermined the system of and that are enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. Congress rejected the court packing plan, handing FDR his first major legislative defeat. WORLD WAR II In the boxes below, describe the developments that led to the outbreak of World War II. 14
Events - Explain the significance of the following events: Battle of Midway Pacific Island Hopping Bataan Death March Invasion of Normandy Battle of the Bulge Dropping of the Atomic Bomb Explain why the President signed the Executive Order 9066 and describe what it did. 15
Explain how World War II helped end the Great Depression. During World War II, how were secret messages transmitted to US forces during combat? List the six major American commanders of World War II and their description and location of combat. American Commander Description Combat Location Why did the US government ration many goods and foods during World War II? Describe the Neutrality Acts. Describe why Lend-Lease replaced Neutrality Acts. 16
What role did women play in America during World War II? What is propaganda? How did the government get involved with propaganda? THE COLD WAR Shortly after World War II, the cold war developed mainly as a result of the 17
What country was the enemy of the US during the Cold War? What type of government did they have? The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the United States to deal with the During the Cold War the US policy was to the spread of Communism. Why was NATO formed? During the 1950s President Eisenhower believed in the Domino Theory, which stated What US Senator falsely accused many Americans of being disloyal and communist? The successful launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 signaled the beginning of How did the Korean War begin? What was the end result? What was the closest the US and Soviet Union ever came to a Nuclear War? Why was the western hemisphere in danger? How did JFK get the Soviets to back down? Explain why the US became involved in the Vietnam War. What was the end result? 18
How did the War Powers Act limit the ability of the president to deploy the military? In the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, congress gave President Johnson Explain the purpose of the 26th Amendment. How did the Vietnam War lead to the passage of this amendment? Why were some people taking part in the Anti-draft movement during the Vietnam War? Describe the following events & their significance: TET Offensive Fall of Saigon What were the causes of the massive economic boom of the 1950s? Describe the following 19
Baby Boom: Sunbelt Migration: Interstate Highway Act 1956: CIVIL RIGHTS What Supreme Court case did the Board of Educations of Topeka, Kansas case overturn? 20
What was the significance of sending federal troops to protect African-American students in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957? What views or beliefs did Governors Orval Faubus (Arkansas), Lester Maddox (Georgia), and George Wallace (Alabama) have in common during the 1950s and 1960s? Civil Rights Leaders: Describe their contributions to the Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X Cesar Chavez Hector Garcia Betty Friedan What was the original purpose of affirmative action programs? What law changed voting participation amongst minorities in the South? 21
Explain the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Explain the relationship between the Brown vs. Board decision and the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision. Amendments: What did it do? 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment 24 th Amendment 26 th Amendment The Battle for Racial Equality in the Courts (Describe the decision of the Supreme Court in the cases below) o Mendez v. Westminster School District: o Sweatt v. Painter (1950): 22
o Hernandez v. Texas (1954): o Delgado v. Bastrop ISD (1948): o White v. Regester (1973): o Edgewood ISD v. Kirby (1984): 23
1970s-Present The era from the 1970 s to the present, for our purposes, will be identified as Modern America. In this era, United States foreign policy shifts to more open relationships with communist China and the Soviet Union. As the Cold War ends our focus turns to combating terrorism. On the domestic front, this period ushers in a conservative movement to address the growth in federal power. Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 1
10F 1. Describe significant societal issues from the 1970s 1990s in each of the following areas. Political Issues Economic Issues Social Issues 11D 2. What 3rd party was involved in the presidential election of 1992 and what impact did it have? 11E 3. What was historically significant about the presidential election in 2008? 11F 4. Explain the solvency of long-term entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 2
Explain the political, economic, and social factors involved in the U.S. role in the world in regards to the following events: 10A Richard M. Nixon s normalization of relations with China Political Economic Social 10A Policy of détente 10B Reaganomics 10B Ronald Reagan s Peace Through Strength 10D Support for Israel 10D Camp David Accords 10D Iran-Contra Affair 10D Marines in Lebanon 10D Iran Hostage Crisis Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 3
Explain the political, economic, and social factors involved in the U.S. role in the world in regards to the following events: Political Economic Social 11A End of the Cold War 11A Persian Gulf War 11A Balkans Crisis 11A 9/11 How did each of these impact the U.S. free enterprise system? 17E OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries GATT General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade NAFTA North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 4
10E Explain the political, economic, and social factors involved in the U.S. role in the world in regards to the following events: Political Economic Social Conservative Resurgence of the 80s and 90s Phyllis Schlafly Contract with America Heritage Foundation Moral Majority National Rifle Association (NRA) Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 5
19C 1. How did Bill Clinton s impeachment affect the view of U.S. citizens concerning trust in the federal government and its leaders? 19B 2. What constitutional issues were raised in the aftermath of 9/11? 19D 3. How did the following contemporary legislation affect the public and private sectors? Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 19E 4. What are the pros and cons of U.S. participation in international organizations and treaties? PROS CONS Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 6
17C 1. How did defense spending from 1945 to 1990 s impact the U.S. economy? 18A 2. How did the following American entrepreneurs achieve the American dream? Bill Gates Sam Walton Estee Lauder Robert Johnson Lionel Sosa 18B 3. Identify the impact of international events, multinational corporations, government policies, and individuals on the 21st century economy. 10C 4. How did energy impact the American way of life between 1970-1990? Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 7
14B 1. How did each of the following help to mange the environment? Environmental Protection Agency Endangered Species Act 24B 2. What were the contributions of the following individuals? Billy Graham Barry Goldwater Sandra Day O Connor Hillary Clinton 21A 3. What effect did the case of Wisconsin v Yoder have on American society? 20B 4. How did the presidential election of 2000 impact the relationship between the three branches of government? 11E 5. What was significant about the election of 2008? Frisco ISD Social Studies Department - https://sites.google.com/a/friscoisd.org/fisd-us-history-1877-present/ 8