Measuring Identities, Diversity and Inclusion: Results from the 2016 Census www.statcan.gc.ca Telling Canada s story in numbers Jane Badets Assistant Chief Statistician Social, Health and Labour Statistics November 30, 2017
Outline Highlight from the 2016 Census related to selected aspects of diversity Immigrant and generation statuses Place of birth Ethnic origin Languages Visible minority group Challenges and implications Measurement Context and social implications 2
Highlights from the 2016 Census 3 Statistics Canada Statistique Canada
1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 In 2016, immigrants represented over one-fifth of Canada's population. This proportion could continue to increase. millions 14 Number and proportion of foreign-born population in Canada, 1871 to 2036 Observed Projected % 30 12 25 10 20 8 6 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 Census year Number Percentage Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 1871 to 2006, 2016; National Household Survey, 2011; Immigration and Diversity: Population Projections for Canada and its Regions, 2011 to 2036 (reference scenario). 4
The majority of recent immigrants were born in Asia. Africa is now the second source continent of recent immigrants Distribution of recent immigrants in Canada by region of birth, 1971 to 2016 Top 10 countries of birth of recent immigrants in Canada, 2016 100% 90% 80% Europe United States 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Carribean, Bermuda, Central and South America Africa Asia (including Middle East) 10% 5 0% 1971 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 census year Oceania and other Note: "Recent immigrants" refers to immigrants who first obtained their landed immigrant or permanent resident status in Canada in the five years prior to a given census. Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 1971 to 2006, 2016; National Household Survey, 2011 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2016
Increasing share of immigrants from non-european countries translates into changes with regards to ethnocultural characteristics of the population. Ethnic origins Languages Religions Canadian-born children of immigrants also contribute to diversifying the population, often representing bridges between their parents culture and culture of the host society. 6
More than one in five Canadians are identified as belonging to a visible minority Millions 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4.7 Number and percentage of visible minorities in the population, Canada, 1981 to 2016 6.3 9.4 11.2 13.4 16.2 Observed 19.1 22.3 Projected 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 25.4 28.4 31.4 34.4 Percent 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Number Percentage 7 Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 1981 to 2006, 2016; National Household Survey, 2011; Immigration and Diversity: Population Projections for Canada and its Regions, 2011 to 2036 (reference scenario).
In 2016, more than 250 ethnic origins were reported by Canadians Canadian English Scottish French Irish German Chinese Italian First Nations (North American Indian) East Indian Ukrainian Dutch Polish Filipino British Isles origins, n.i.e.¹ Russian Métis Portuguese Welsh Norwegian The top 20 ethnic origins reported alone or in combination with other origins (single or multiple response), Canada, 2016 millions 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Single response Multiple response 8 1. "British Isles origins, n.i.e." includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., British, United Kingdom ) as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., Celtic ). Note: In this chart, the sum of the ethnic origins is greater than the total population because a person can report more than one ethnic origin in the census questionnaire. Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2016.
Immigrant languages: differing patterns by province and territory 9
Increasing number of persons reporting more than one language Percentage of the population reporting more than one mother tongue and more than one language spoken at home, Canada, 2001 to 2016 25.0 20.0 19.4 % 15.0 10.0 13.1 5.0 1.3 2.4 0.0 2001 2006 2011 2016 Langue maternelle Langue parlée à la maison Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2001, 2006 and 2016; National Household Survey, 2011. 10
Challenges and Implications 11
Challenges related to measurement Context of changes in the ethnocultural composition of the population How to best measure multiple identities, backgrounds, ethnicities? How can we make sure that concepts remain relevant and useful for policy purposes and program development, especially in highly diverse regions? How can we maintain historical comparability while adapting to new realities? Multiple responses and mixed backgrounds What does this increase in multiple responses to certain questions tell us? What does it say about the evolution of Canada s population? Challenges related to data presentation, classification, categorization and analysis 12
Challenges related to measurement What does ethnocultural diversity mean? Which dimensions should be considered in building indicators? How to define diversity? Population heterogeneity? Proportion of the population belonging to specific groups? Number of reported groups to certain questions (e.g. ethnic origins or languages)? Number of multiple answers to certain questions? 13
Statistics Canada and the force field exerting pressure on the measure of cultural, ethnic and linguistic pluralisms in Canada Demographic changes Public opinion Opinion leaders Medias Informing policies and programs Measurement Ethnicity, Origins, Identities, Language behaviours Legislative Scientific 14 Interest groups Community organisations Subpopulations
Social implications Important regional differences in diversity Challenges may differ depending on the composition of the population Public services Changes in the demand for services, challenges for policy makers in various areas (education, health system, etc.) Inclusion, social cohesion Challenges related to labour force participation, discrimination, equal representation of groups in all sectors of society, relationships between minorities and majorities Need for relevant statistical information to support evidence-based policies 15
Several diversity groups are facing difficulties, including discrimination Percentage of the population aged 15 and older who reported having experienced discrimination in the past five years, Canada, 2014 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 All individuals Women Immigrants Youth Visible minorities Disabled Affiliated to non-christian religious groups Aboriginal people Official languages minorities LGB Note: Numbers for the LGB population are based on respondents aged 18 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey (Victimization), 2014. 16 STATISTICS CANADA STATISTIQUE CANADA
2016 Census Products Analytical products The Daily articles Census in Briefs series: Infographics & Videos Data products Interactive charts Census profiles Highlight tables Focus on Geography Data tables Public Use Microdata Files (upcoming late 2018) Reference Material Census Dictionary Guide to the Census of Population, 2016 Reference Guides Social Media Facebook, Twitter Chat with an Expert 17
Thank you! Questions? Jane.badets@canada.ca 18