Linga-Bibliothek Linga A/907434 Understanding U.S.-Latin American Relations Theory and History MARK ERIC WILLIAMS J Routledge g ^ ^ Taylor & Francis Group NEW YORK AND LONDON
Contents List of Illustrations Foreword by Jorge I. Dominguez Preface Acknowledgments xiv xvi xxi xxv 1 International Politics and U.S.-Latin American Relations 1 International Politics and Foreign Policy 3 Realism, Liberalism, Marxism, and Dependency 5 Why Do We Need Theory? 10 Constructing Good Theoretical Explanations 12 The Cuban Missile Crisis: Summarizing a Complex Story 15 The Security and Prisoner's Dilemma 17 Study Questions 21 Selected Readings 22 2 U.S.-Latin American Relations and Political Theory 23 Realism and Liberalism: A Closer Look 23 Power 29 Balance of Power 33 Isolationism 36 Democracy-Promotion 38 Intervention and Sovereignty 40 Study Questions 43 Selected Readings 44 Further Readings 44
x Contents 3 Foreign Policy Fundamentals: International Systems and Levels of Analysis 45 International Systems 45 Levels of Analysis 48 Systemic Structures and Rules 54 The Structure and Rules of Hemispheric Relations: 1700s-1900 56 International Structure and Modern U.S.-Latin American Relations 58 Early U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and Beyond 63 The Monroe Doctrine 64 Study Questions 74 Selected Readings 76 Further Readings 76 Chronology: Hemispheric Relations in the Nineteenth Century 77 4 The Expansion of American Power 78 The Spanish-American War 80 The Cuban War of Independence 81 Three Levels of Analysis 84 The Platt Amendment 95 Projecting Power: The Panama Canal and the Roosevelt Corollary 99 The Panama Canal 99 The Roosevelt Corollary 101 Study Questions 112 Selected Readings 112 Further Readings 113 Chronology: The Expansion of American Power 114 5 Hemispheric Relations through World War II 115 Achieving Mutual Security and Inter-State Cooperation 115 Early Liberal Efforts at Cooperative Relations 117 Wilsonianism 117 International Law 123 International Institutions 124 Diplomacy, International Conferences, and International Treaties 127 The Era of the Good Neighbor 131 International Regimes and the Good Neighbor Policy 134 Phases of the Good Neighbor Regime 135
Contents xi The Inter-American System 139 The Role of Individuals 142 Systemic and Domestic Causes 143 Lessons 144 Study Questions 146 Selected Readings 147 Further Readings 147 Chronology: Hemispheric Relations through World War II 148 6 The Cold War, Part I 150 Origins and Causes 152 The Truman Doctrine and Containment 155 Intervention and the Organization of American States 159 Guatemala, 1954 159 Cuba, 1961 162 The Dominican Republic, 1965 163 Subsequent Interventions 164 The Organization of American States 164 Why did Intervention Return? 167 Judging the Ethics of Intervention 169 Study Questions 172 Selected Readings 173 Further Readings 173 Chronology: The Cold War Years, Part I 175 7 The Cold War, Part II 177 The Cuban Revolution 177 The Cuban Missile Crisis 181 The Limited Security Regime 185 The Cold War and Economics: Nationalism and Development 187 Economic Nationalism 188 Development and the Alliance for Progress 190 Why an Alliance for Progress? 195 Three Perspectives on the Alliance's Failure 204 Cold War Legacies 209 Study Questions 212 Selected Readings 212 Further Readings 213 Chronology: The Cold War Years, Part II 214
xii Contents 8 Cold War Challenges to U.S. Hegemony 215 Primacy, Dominance, and Hegemony 216 Nonviolent Challenges to American Hegemony 220 Chile's Unilateral Challenge 220 Moral Issues and Other Lessons 228 The Regional Multilateral Challenge 231 Violent Challenges to American Hegemony 239 Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements 240 The Cold War and Revolution in Central America 246 The Invasion of Grenada 253 Study Questions 258 Selected Readings 259 Further Readings 260 Chronology: Cold War Challenges to U.S. Hegemony 261 9 Interdependence and Globalization 263 Interdependence 265 Complex Interdependence vs. Realism 269 Transnational Politics and the Sovereign Debt Crisis 270 Neoliberal Economics Triumphant 279 Globalization 282 Globalization and Hemispheric Relations 286 Increasing Economic Integration, Political Dialogue, and Policy Coordination 287 Retooling Anti-Americanism 288 Differential Effects on U.S. Regional Influence 289 Globalization's "Darker" Side 292. Undocumented Immigration 292 Drug Trafficking 300 Study Questions 313 Selected Readings 314 Further Readings 315 Chronology: Economic Interdependence 317 10 Hemispheric Relations in the Twenty-First Century 318 Visions of the Post-Cold War Era 319 Hemispheric Economic Integration 319 Hemispheric Democratic Community 321
Contents xiii Setbacks to Achieving the Post-Cold War Vision 323 Latin American and U.S. Developments 323 The Rise of China 325 Post-9/11 U.S. Foreign Policy 326 Balancing Against the United States 334 Hemispheric Relations in Flux 342 A Multipolar Western Hemisphere? 343 An Interdependent Future 346 Understanding U.S.-Latin American Relations Today 347 Change and Continuity 349 Looking Ahead 351 Study Questions 353 Selected Readings 354 Further Readings 354 Glossary 356 Notes 367 Credits 379 Index 380