Warm Up 1) Complete the DBQ on the early American presidents 2) It should be a review of everything we ve covered on Washington & Adams... 3) It will also preview new information about the third president of the USA Thomas Jefferson 4) You may work with a partner but no more than two working together. 5) DO NOT WASTE TIME!
DO NOW 1) Create an episode map on the presidency of John Adams 2) You will submit this in 10 minutes.
Adams Unpopularity I. The American people are very unhappy with the Federalists during the Adams administration A. Alien Act: increase number of years to be a citizen B. Sedition Act: can t speak negatively about the government (violation of 1 st Amendment) C. Quasi War with France The Federalists have become increasingly unpopular due to these things and the American people will seek change in the election of 1800
The Election of 1800 I. The Federalists and Republicans fought a bitter election campaign in 1800 I IV. The Federalists supported John Adams again and Thomas Pinckney as VP Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr as VP D-R s warned that the Federalists would bring back monarchy
I. The election came out a tie Election Deadlock Jefferson and Burr (73 votes each) I The House of Representatives had to decide the election IV. The Federalists in the House of Reps saw a chance to prevent the election of Jefferson V. They supported Burr
I. 35 ballots were cast and the election was still tied The Election Results I Alexander Hamilton urged Federalist not to vote for Burr A. Hamilton hated Burr more than he hated Hamilton Jefferson became POTUS and Burr VP IV. To prevent this from happening again, Congress passed the 12 th Amendment in 1803 A. Separate ballots for President and VP
I. Jefferson believed a large federal government threatened liberty A. Democratic-Republican: small govt. Jefferson s Ideas He believed states could better protect the people s freedom I Jefferson wanted to reduce the power and size of the government IV. These ideas were similar to the French philosophy known as laissez-faire A. Lazy government : does nothing B. Let people do as they choose
Cutting Costs I. Jefferson reduced the national debt I IV. Scaled down military à got rid of army and navy Repealed all federal taxes, including the whiskey tax Government funds came from customs duties (taxes on imported goods) V. Also from sale of western lands VI. Jefferson also limited the number of federal government workers to a few hundred people
Judiciary Act of 1801 I. Before Jefferson took office, the Federalists passed Judiciary Act of 1801 I IV. Created federal courts for the US with 16 judges Adams appointed judges to these positions and John Marshall as Chief Justice of the SCOTUS Appointing all these judges kept the Federalists in control of the Judicial Branch V. Adams appointed these midnight judges in the last minutes of his term as president VI. V When Jefferson became president, a few of the appointment papers (commissions) had not yet been delivered Jefferson told Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver them VI One famous commission was suppose to go to William Marbury
Marbury v. Madison I. Marbury took his case against James Madison directly to the Supreme Court Marshall said the Constitution did not give the Court jurisdiction to decide Marbury s case A. SCOTUS rules against Marbury I Marbury v. Madison established three principles of judicial review A. The Constitution is the supreme law B. The Constitution must be followed when there is a conflict between it and any other law C. The judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and nullify unconstitutional laws
What Marbury v. Madison Did I. Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review and greatly grew the power of the federal government & SCOTUS I The decision broadened federal power at the expense of the state government Judicial Review allows the SCOTUS to review all laws made by Congress IV. They can declare laws unconstitutional! A. Laws that violate constitution are thrown out
Are You With Me?? 1 Discuss the election of 1800: 2 Which Federalist assisted Jefferson in being elected the 3 rd president of the U.S.A.? 3 Explain the actions which Jefferson took upon becoming president and how those actions reflected his political party: 4 What is the Judiciary Act of 1801? What is its intended purpose in regards to Federalists power? 5 What judicial principle was established in Marbury vs. Madison? 6 Explain how Marbury vs. Madison increased the power of the Federal government: