SEPT 6, 2017 Fall of USSR and Yugoslavia Get out notebook, ESPN highlighters, and pencil EQ: How did the fall of communism lead to the turmoil in Yugoslavia in the 1990s?
Problems of Soviet Union in 1980 s Inefficient farming and manufacturing Few incentives and little technological innovation High defense spending Few consumer goods Apathetic population
Mikhail Gorbachev Prime Minister 1985-1991 Five Point Plan Perestroika Glasnost
The Rise of Nationalism Soviet grip relaxes Discontent with Soviet govt. Nationalism Separatist movements Protestors in Moldova
Fall of USSR Gorbachev s policies lead to collapse August Coup 1991: Soviet Reps. declare independence
Results of the Fall Transformed the entire world political situation Reformulation of political, economic and military alliances End of Cold War and MAD threat Creation of 24 new independent countries
The Economic Geography of Post-Communist Russia: Economic Characteristics of Communist-era Russia: * No unemployment- the government guaranteed people jobs. * Free housing, health care, and college tuition- paid for by the government. Economic Characteristics of Post-communist Russia: * High unemployment- many industries collapsed due to competition from the West. * Housing, health care, and college tuition no longer free. Overall, the standard-of-living decreased for most Russians after the collapse of communism in 1991
Communist Countries At its peak, communism was practiced in dozens of countries: Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan Asian Countries: Afghanistan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Mongolia, and Yemen Soviet Controlled Eastern bloc countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia. The Balkans: Albania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Africa: Angola, Benin, Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, and Mozambique. Currently : Laos, North Korea, Vietnam, China, and Cuba
Think-pair-share What factors can unify/pull people together? (centripetal forces) What factors can divide/drive them apart? (centrifugal forces)
Drawing political borders Work with a partner to divide up the land on the paper Keep in mind all of the different factors such as physical features, religion and language You may divide your country into as many or as few countries as you see fit What could be the potential areas of conflict in your new countries? Why?
Bosnian War Explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_ctgvxygi Why do Serbia and Croatia hate each other?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbndmnspz30
Yugoslavia HISTORY 1918 Carved out of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires 6 Republics within nation
Yugoslavia HISTORY 1945-1980 Soviet sphere of influence Communist rule Josip Tito Restored economic stability post WWII Tensions suppressed tensions Tito dies in 1980
Yugoslavia HISTORY 1980-1991 Political vacuum after Tito s death U.S.S.R. collapses Multiple nations in Eastern Europe gain independence Nationalism increases in Yugoslavia Republics start to break away Serbia wants to keep region intact and control it politically
Yugoslavia HISTORY 1991 Slovenia and Macedonia granted independence Serbian president = Slobodan Milosevic Serbs do not allow independence in areas with Serbian minority
Yugoslavia HISTORY 1992-1995 Civil war breaks out between Bosnia and Serbia War of Independence breaks out between Croatia and Bosnia
Serbs commit genocide against Bosnian Croats and Muslims in order make Bosnia more Serbian.
Post civilwar USA sponsors peace talks in 1995- Dayton Accords Milosevic tried for crimes against humanity Bosnia granted independence Macedonia granted independence in 2006 Former Yugoslavia is now Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia
BALKANIZATION The process of breaking up a region/country into smaller, mutually hostile countries.