UNIT 2. Industrialization, Immigration, and the Gilded Age

UNIT 2 Industrialization, Immigration, and the Gilded Age

-Switch from manpower to machine power - Great Britain leads the way; US catches up in latter 19 th century - factors of production needed for growth: - Resources* - Labor - Capital - Tech changes in production spread to transportation / lifestyles - Is it good for peeps??? THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS (1,2)

1ST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (3, 4, 5) -late 1700 s / early 1800 s -water and steam power -Coal becomes major resource -factory system / mass assembly - Railroads and steamboats - Textile industry leads the way -Great Britain leads the way; other nations start to catch up (France, Germany, USA, Japan)

CHANGES FROM THE 1 ST / 2 nd INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS (6,7) - Urbanization - consumer societies - competing economic systems (capitalism vs socialism) - Wider divide between really rich peeps, and lots of po peeps - On average, everyone s income goes up but, at what cost??? - Businesses plays huge role in politics and government

LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM vs SOCIALISM / COMMUNISM (8,9) -Adam Smith s ideas shape capitalism - gov t stay out of business - free market drives supply / demand - Far right = Social Darwinism ; survival of the fittest - Socialism gov t regulation of business to share wealth - Far left = communism ; Karl Marx tells workers to raise the roof

LABOR (10,11) - organize in unions to push for more rights / better conditions - Socialism a popular theory among many - Some radical labor organizations favor Karl Marx s ideas of communism - use strikes to try and force businesses to reforms - In 19 th / early 20 th centuries, sometimes, but not often successful

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS MORE THAN ONE??? (12) - 5 th??? - 2 nd Industrial Revolution: combustible engine / oil and gas (late 1800 s ) - 3 rd Industrial Revolution: computers and nukes (mid 20 th century ) - 4 th Industrial Revolution: renewable energy (late 20 th century )

R A D I C A L LIBERAL THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM MODERATE CONSERVATIVE Those to the left of the center are referred to as LIBERALS, generally standing for the following: -support changes to society and the status quo -Want an active, involved gov t economically; social safety net -Trust human nature -Value freedom -Society should work toward equality for all and help those who can t help themselves The majority of Americans would find themselves in the center of the spectrum, called MODERATES when their views on social issues generally balance between individual and group concerns. Those to the right of the center are referred to as CONSERVATIVES generally believing and standing for the following: -Require good reasons for change, and want little or slow change if needed -Prefer a limited gov t in economics; favor traditional values and institutions -Value order -Individuals should work toward bettering themselves, not look for others to do it for them ( rugged individualism ) R E AC T I O N A R Y On the extreme left are classified as RADICALS who hold an intense liberal views for massive, rapid change. Example: E.L.F. (Earth Liberation Front) On the extreme right classified as REACTIONARIES who hold an intense conservative views to change things back to the way they used t to be. Example: KKK

People seen as liberal are often labeled as being on the LEFT, like: People seen as conservative are often labeled as being on the RIGHT, like: - Democratic party - Occupy Wall St movement - Black Lives Matter movement - Antifa - Republican party - Tea party - Christian Coalition of America - Alt-Right

What does promote the general Welfare mean???

Pg 49 dress code; does the school follow a loose or strict interpretation?

Article 1 Section 8 of the Constitution: The Congress shall have power To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Enumerated Powers: conservative focus do not feel free to interpret constitutional language; make federal laws only when essential to carry our clearly stated duties Implied Powers: liberal focus can be flexible with interpretation of language; make laws that adapt and change with the times convenient to carry out governmental responsibilities A1S8 is often referred to as the necessary and proper clause, or the elastic clause

Pg 46 of Student Agenda book more examples of elastic language

So, what are you? Take the following political spectrum quiz ** 5 = agree strongly / 4 = agree / 3 = not sure / 2 = disagree / 1 = strongly disagree 1. in favor of pro-choice (right to abortion) 2. in favor of time for prayer in schools 3. in favor of welfare programs to help the needy 4. in favor of cutting taxes and government spending to make our govt smaller 5. in favor of health care reform and more of a government role in it (aka Obamacare ) 6. in favor of protecting past traditions 7. in favor of extending the right to marriage to gay couples 8. in favor of protecting the unrestricted right to bear arms 9. in favor of government restrictions on big business 10. in favor of making prisons less about reform and more about punishment 11. in favor of more sex education and access to birth control in high schools 12. in favor of stronger punishments for drug abuse and drug trafficking 13. in favor of stronger punishments for people who say racist or sexist things 14. in favor of ending programs that make extra opportunities for minorities in job application process / admissions in college application process for education 15. in favor of greater taxes on the wealthy to pay for programs like food stamps 16. in favor of teaching alternatives to evolution in science classes A: add up scores of odd number questions: total = B: add up scores on even number questions: total = ** subtract B total from A total SCORE -

+32 +16 0-16 -32

Corporations A private organization owned by investors (stockholders) who look to make a profit Legally, corporations have similar rights to people (own property, make contracts )

Robber Barons

Industry A particular type of economic activity

monopolies A corporation that dominates an industry

Horizontal Integration Tool for a corporation to become a monopoly When a corporation dominates one level of an industry, to crush competition

Vertical Integration Tool for a corporation to become a monopoly When a corporation develops abilities to work at all level of an industry, to crush competition

New York Stock Exchange Largest place to buy and sell stock in the world Wall Street, NYC It is an example of a holding company (multiple companies that own stock in other companies) Starts in 1792; gets really big in late 1800 s / early 1900 s The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is minute by minute measure of the health of the stocks in the exchange

Regulation Government passes laws that limit what companies can do Ex: to try and stop monopolies, laws were passed that prevented a corporation from buying stock in another in the same industry, thereby dominating any one industry Ex: safe working conditions for laborers

One set of managers directing how multiple companies stocks are traded This allowed one corporation to pool the resources of several companies in an industry, and make a monopoly A way to get around regulations Trusts

unions - Industrial unions were formed by factory workers ( unskilled ) - Knights of Labor - IWW ( Wobblies ) - Trade unions were formed by skilled workers - American Federation of Labor (AFL)

deflation A rise in the value of money = a fall in the price of goods Sounds good for workers with less money, but its not good for business their profits go down and their assets are worth less Owners cut wages to make up for their loss of profits, and workers have even more beef

GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1877

HAYMARKET RIOT OF 1886

HOMESTEAD STRIKE OF 1892

PULLMAN STRIKE OF 1893

Radical Labor Some resort to industrial sabotage, violent protest and even attacks on wealthy businessmen Radical anarchists and communists (some are immigrants) cause many Americans to look down on socialists, labor organizers, and to diss immigrants (Nativism) Non-violent organizers like Eugene Debs and Mother Jones get labeled as bad

One strike that worked Lawrence 1912 IWW led the Bread and Roses strike in Lawrence, MA Textile workers fight wage cuts because of hours cuts Strikers send their kids to stay with families in NYC, saving $$ and earning national sympathy Not without cost (3 dead, scores wounded, dozens still in prison months after it ended)

Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives 1890 book / photo journalistic exposé An immigrant himself, Riis sought to show America the conditions than many new immigrants, and homegrown urban poor, lived in As you view these pics, ask yourself What do I see What does what I see tell me (think like a detective) What can I assume from what I m seeing?

Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives