Stanford University T:

Political Science 240L Young Whan Kihl Spring 2010 Office: Encina C332 Stanford University T: 650.724.5710 ykihl@stanford.edu ykihl23@gmail.com Course Objectives and Description: THE POLITICS OF DIVIDED KOREA Past, Present and Future This is a course on the study of the politics of divided Korea by attempting to trace the origins of divided nation-hood of the Korean people at the end of WWII in 1945. The two rival political systems and regimes have arisen to compete on the Korean peninsula, timed with the on-set of the Cold War rivalry between the two super powers of the FSU (former Soviet Union) and the USA (United States of America) in the post- WWII era. Yet, despite the passing of the Cold War era globally, today s Korea continues to remain as the Cold War s last glacier sitting on a powder keg, along the DMZ (De- Militarized Zone) bisecting the peninsula into the two mutually hostile halves. The course also aims to speculate about the possible scenario and prospects for Korea s future and reunification. This course is organized to deal with each of the following topical areas of concern: * Origins and development of the modern day Korea, South and North of the DMZ (de-militarized zone); * The Political structure and processes in the Sixth Republic of Korea (in the South) and in the Post-Kim Il Sung era North Korea; * The security agenda and economic welfare/foreign policy issues in each of the Two Koreas; * Korea s Future, with Implications of Democratic Peace thesis for the South, as for the North by Going Beyond the Kim Dynasty regime. Some of the questions the course will address, on South Korean politics, are: What are the roots of the South Korean political tradition and culture? How unique is South Korea s Sixth Republic experimentation in liberal democracy? Why do the South Koreans act in politics as they do, either in similar or different ways from people in other countries? What institutions are held responsible for policy making in contemporary South Korea? Who are the influential in decision-making in Korea? What kinds of problems and prospects does South Korea confront in its successfully managing the economy and security threats in the new age? How are South Korea s foreign policy 1

and reunification politics affected by the pressures, emanating from both internal forces and externality of the major powers relation with South Korea? These and related policy issues will be examined from the perspectives of the changing United States Republic of Korea alliance relations. Other questions to be posed and discussed, on North Korean politics, include: What are the roots of the North Korean political tradition and culture? How unique is the DPRK (Democratic People s Republic of Korea) of the Kim Jong Il regime? Why do the North Koreans act in politics as they do, either in similar or different ways from people in other countries? What institutions are responsible for policy making in contemporary North Korea? Who are the most influential leaders for decision-making in the North? What kinds of problems and prospects does North Korea confront in its successfully managing the security and economy? How are North Korea s nuclear ambitions affected by pressures, emanating from an external environment of the major powers relation with the DPRK? What symbolic meaning, and significance, does the year 2012 suggest to the North Korean elites today? Required Readings: The following main text books plus a course packet are required for the course: Cumings, Bruce, 1997. Korea s Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. Kihl, Young Whan, 2005. Transforming Korean Politics: Democracy, Reform and Culture. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. A Course Packet on: (1) SOUTH KOREA S DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDA- TION: Beyond the Roh Moo-Hyun to Lee Myung-Bak Administrations, (2) STAYING POWER OF THE SOCIALIST HERMIT KINGDOM: North Korea, the Politics of Regime Survival, (3) SPT Post-Mortem Analysis, plus (4) Internet Websites Posting of the selected primary sources and reports on North and South Koreas, and the U.S. Security Strategy policies, and analyses (See pages 9-10 below). Additional readings are also assigned from the following sources. Some of these readings may be presented to the class for further discussion and analysis: Kihl, Young Whan and Hong Nack Kim, eds., 2006. North Korea: The Politics of Regime Survival. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. Kim, Samuel C., 2006. The Two Koreas and the Great Powers. NY: Cambridge University Press. Lee, Chae-Jin, 2006. A Troubled Peace: U.S. Policy and the Two Koreas. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 2

Noland, Marcus, 2004. Korea After Kim Jong-il. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economy. Shin, Gi-Wook, 2006, Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Kihl, Young Whan, ed., 1994. Korea and the World: Beyond the Cold War. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Kihl, Young Whan, 1984. Politics and Policies in Divided Korea: Regimes in Contest. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Course Requirements on Papers: 1. A term paper, on a pre-approved topic, will be submitted at the end of the term, 10-15 pages in length, type-written, double spaced, and properly referenced. 2. A short paper, 1000 words, is due by the end of Week 4, on the following question: How, and why, are some of the traditional legacies still manifest, and influential, in contemporary Korean politics both in North and South Korea? as the author Cumings noted in his 1997 book chapters? Weekly Lecture and Discussion Topics: Part I. The Historical Context of the Politics of Divided Korea Assigned Readings: Start with Cumings 1997 book and finish it s readings in the first 3-4 weeks. Class members are responsible for the weekly reading material. (To facilitate the class discussion, some selected items including those recommended may be assigned for individual class presentation; Please indicate which ones you would opt to do so in due course). Week 1. 3/31. Introduction & Legacies of Traditional Korea (Pre-1945) Read: Cumings: Ch 1 (The Virtues, Pre-1860): pp. 19-85; Ch 2 (The Interests, 1860-1904): pp. 86-138; Ch 3 (Eclipse, 1905-1945): pp. 139-184. Kihl: Ch 1 (Introduction: Ideas Matter in Korean Politics): pp. 3-35. Also, recommended are: S. Kim, 2006, Ch 1 (Introduction: Korea and the Great Powers in Changing World): pp. 1-41; CJ Lee, Intro & Ch 1 (The United States Faces Korea): pp. 1-8, 9-63; Myers and Peattie, 1984: passim. Week 2. 4/7. The Origins of Divided Korea, with the Rise of Two Rival Korean States, the Korean War. 1945-1953. 3

Read: Cumings: Ch 4 (The Passions, 1945-1948): pp. 185-236; Ch 5 (Collision, 1948-1953): pp. 237-298. Kihl, 2004 Ch 2 (Taking Culture Seriously: Confucian Tradition and Modernization): pp. 39-61. Also, recommended are: Kihl, 1984 Ch 2 (Divided Korea and the Political Development. 1945-1970): pp. 27-54. Halberstam, 2007, The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War, passim, especially introduction, author s note, and afterword; Goncharov et. al., 1993, Ch 5 (Decision for War in Korea) & Ch 6 (China Enters the Korean War), 130-167, 168-202. Week 3. 4/14. South Korea s Rise and Transformation: An Overview; North Korea s Rise as a Socialist Hermit Kingdom An Overview. Read: Cumings: Ch 6 (Korean Sun Rising: Industrialization, 1953-1996): pp. 299-336; Ch 7 (The Virtues, II: The Democratic Movement, 1960-1996): pp. 337-393. Ch 8 (Nation of the Sun King: North Korea, 1953-1996) pp. 394-434; Kihl and Kim, 2005: Ch 1 (Staying Power of the Socialist Hermit Kingdom by Kihl) pp. 3-33; Kihl, SK s Demo Consolidation, CP, passim. Also, recommended are: Kihl, 1984: Ch 3 (Authoritarian Adaptation, 1971-1980) pp. 55-73; Ch 4 (Regimes and Stability in the 1980s) pp. 74-104; Noland, 2004: pp. 1-87. Cumings, The Origins and Development of the Northeast Asian Political Economy pp. 44-83; Lee, Kwang-ho. Endorsing a New Five-Year Term for Kim Jong-il. Vantage Point Vol. 32, No. 5 (May 2009): pp. 2-7. Part II. The Political Dynamics and Policy Process in the South as in the North; What Role, if any, for the USA? Week 4. 4/21. Challenges of The Third-Wave Democratization: Transition, Consolidation, and Institution-building via Reform and Civil-Society Activism. Read: Kihl, 2005: Ch 3 (Democratization by Launching the Sixth Republic of Korea): pp. 62-101. Ch 4 ( Reform Halfway Down? Cultural Dimension of Democratic Consolidation) pp. 102-145. Also, recommended are: Koo, 1993, passim, esp. Introduction & Ch 7 (pp 231-249); CJ Lee, 2006, Ch 7 (Prospects) pp 275-295, plus any two of the four substantive chapters 3-6 Nixon/Carter, Reagan/Bush, Clinton, Bush II eras (pp. 64-274). Week 5. 4/28. How and Why Ideas Matter in Korean Politics? Modernization, Democratization, Globalization, etc. Identities also Matter. Read: Review, Kihl 2005: Ch 1 (Ideas Matter in Korean Politics) pp. 3-35. Shin Gi-Wook, 2006: Ch 1 (Introduction on explaining the Roots & Politics of Korean Nationalism): pp. 1-21, Part I (Origins and Development): pp. 21-110; Part II (Contentious Politics), pp, 111-182, Part III (Current Manifestations): pp. 183-222. Also, recommended are: Choi, Jang Jip, Ch 2 (Political Cleavages in South Korea) in Koo, 1994: pp. 13-50. Week 6. 5/5. How and Why do Institutions also Matter in Korean Politics today and tomorrow? 4

Read: Kihl 2005: Ch 5 (Responses to Globalization: Sustaining Democracy through Economic Reform): pp. 149-182; Ch 6 (Global Political Economy and the Korean State) pp. 183-227). Also recommended are: Haggard, Stephan and Chung-in Moon. Ch 2 (The State, Politics, and Economic Development in Postwar South Korea), in Koo, 1993: pp. 51-94; Cumings, Ch 6 (The Corporate State in North Korea) in Koo s 1993: 197-230; Kihl, The Cultural Dimension and Context of North Korean Communism. Korean Studies, Vol. 18 (1994): pp. 139-157. Week 7. 5/12. The Challenge of De-Legitimization Politics? Read: Kihl 2005: Ch 8 (New Democracy for Korean Society and Politics I & II) pp. 269-307, An Epilogue (Transforming Electoral Politics through Presidential Impeachment) pp. 343-351. Kihl s SK s Demo Consolidation, CP. Also, recommended are: Y Kihl The Challenges of Democratic Consolidation in South Korea: Post-Election Politics of the Lee Myung-bak Administration. Korea Observer Vol. 40, No. 2 (Summer 2009: pp. 233-272. Also, recommended: Kihl, 2009, Unraveling of US-DPRK Nuclear Accord? Course Packet. Part III. Korea s Place in the World; Korea s Future, Reunification? Week 8. 5/19. North South Korea Relations; Unification Policy and Politics as formulated and promoted by the South and by the North, the Nuclear North Korea. Read: Kihl 2005 Ch 7 (Foreign Policy and Democracy: From Nordpolitik to Engagement) pp. 228-265). Kim and Koh, 1983 passim, esp. Ch 8 (Unification Policy Issues): pp. 205-230; Kihl, 1994 Ch 2 (Korean Unification in Historical Perspective by Hankyo Kim) pp. 17-28; Ch 8 (The Politics of Inter-Korean Relations: Co-existence or Reunification? By Y. Kihl) pp. 133-152. Also, recommended are: Cha and Kang, 2003, passim; S. Snyder, 2009, passim; Yun and Shin, 2006, passim; Y. Kihl Inter-Korean Strategic Relations and Security Forum in Northeast Asia. International Journal of Korean Studies Vol 12, No. 1 (Falll/Winter, 2008): pp. 61-82. Week 9. 5/26. Explaining System Integration Failures and Transformation by Reunification. Read: Cumings: Ch 10 (Korea s Place in the World) pp. 345-396; Ch 9 (America s Koreans) pp. 434-455; Kihl, 1984, Ch 9 (Conclusion: Regimes in Contest) pp. 231-245; Kihl 2005 Ch 9 (Transforming Korean Politics? Conclusion): pp. 308-341. Also, recommended are: B.C. Koh, 2004, Ch 1 (Understanding North Korean Foreign Policy: An Overview): pp. 1-34; Aidan Foster-Carter Ch 8 (Inter-Korean Relations): pp. 285-326, in Koh, North Korea and the World, 2004; C.I. Moon, NKFP in Comparative & Theoretical Perspectives. Week 10. 6/2. Future Prospects: Anticipating Korea s Future Scenario. Final Exam. 5

Read: Cumings: Ch 9 (America s Koreans): pp. 434-455. Kihl, 06, Building an East Asian Regional Order. (www.eastwestcenter.org/stored/pdfs/pswp016.pdf.) Kihl, 09, The Past, Present and Future of US-South Korea Alliance (Prepared Remarks for the 2009 ISA Panel, NYC, February 16); Also recommended are: Korea at the Center:Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia (edited by C. Armstrong et. al, 2006) passim, especially, G. Rozman, Regionalism in Northeast Asia: Korea s Return to Center Stage, (pp 151-166) ; Shin & Sneider, Cross Currents, passim; S. Kim, 2006, The Two Koreas and Ch 7 (The Future of the Two Koreas): pp 296-360; Eberstadt and Ellings, 2001, passim, esp. Ch 1 (Introduction). Improving Regional Security and Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula: U.S. Policy Interests and Options Turn in your term paper (the last day in class). A paper topic should be approved beforehand by the 5 th week. Office Hours: T: 4-5 pm, W: 9-10 am. (A late submission will be marked down). A Select Additional Bibliography and References; * the ones to be placed on the library reserve desk Armstrong Chares L. The North Korean Revolution 1945-1950. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003. Armstrong, Charles K., Gilbert Rozman, Samuel S. Kim, and Stephen Kotkin, eds. Korea at the Center: Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. Bechtol, Bruce E.,Jr. Maintaining a Rogue Regime: Kim Jong-il and the North Korean Succession Process, Academic Paper Series, Washington, DC: KEI, 4-7 (July) 2009. http://www.keia.org/publications/academicpaperseries/2009/aps-bechtol.pdf. Byun, See-Won, North Korea Contingency Planning and U.S.-ROK Cooperation. Washington, D. C. The Asian Foundation, September 2009. Cha, Victor D. and David C. Kang. Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies. NY: Columbia University Press, 2003. Choi, Jang Jip. Political Cleavages in South Korea. In State and Society in Contemporary Korea edited by Hagen Koo, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993: 13-50 Cumings, Bruce. The Origins of the Korean War. Vol. 1: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981; Vol. 2: The Roaring of the Cataract. Princeton University Press, 1990. Cumings, Bruce. The Origins and Development of the Northeast Asian Political Economy: Industrial Sectors, Product Cycles, and Political Consequences. In The Political Economy of the Northeast Asian Industrialism (edited by Frederic C. Deyo), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987: 136-164. 6

Cumings, Bruce. North Korea Another Country. NY: The New Press, 2004. Cumings, Bruce. The Corporate State in North Korea. In State and Society in Contemporary Korea edited by Hagen Koo, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993: 197-230. *Eberstadt, Niholas and Richard J. Ellings, eds. Korea s Future and the Great Powers. NBR (National Bureau of Asian Research). Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2001. Eckert, Carter J., Ki-baik Lee, Young Ick Lew, Michael Robinson, Edward W. Wagner. Korea Old and New: A History. Seoul: Ilchokak Publishers for Korea Institute, Harvard University, 1990. *Goncharov, Sergei N., John W. Lewis, and Xue Litai. Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991. Haggard, Stephan and Chung-in Moon. The State, Politics, and Economic Development in Postwar South Korea. In State and Society in Contemporary Korea edited by Hagen Koo, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993: 51-94. *Halberstam, David. The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War. NY: Hyperion, 2007. Haggard, Stephan and Marcus Noland, The Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform. NY: Columbia University, 2007. Halliday, Jon and Bruce Cumings. Korea; The Unknown War. NY: Pantheon Books, 1988. Hatada, Takashi. A History of Korea. Translated and edited by Warren W. Smith, Jr. and Benmjamin H. Hazard. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC Clio, 1969. (Originally, a Japanese text by Takashi Hatada s Chosen-shi (History of Korea. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1951). Kang, Chul Hwan and Pierre Rigoulot. The Aquariums of Pyongyang: Ten Years in the North Korean Gulag. NY: Basic Books, 2001. Kihl, Young Whan. The Cultural Dimension and Context of North Korean Communism. Korean Studies, Vol. 18 (1994): 139-157. Kihl, Young Whan. The Challenges of Democratic Consolidation in South Korea: Post Election Politics the Lee Myung-bak Administration. Korea Observer Vol. 40, No. 2 Summer 2009: pp. 233-272. Kihl, Young Whan. Inter-Korean Strategic Relations and Security Forum in Northeast Asia. International Journal of Korean Studies Vol 12, No. 1 (Falll/Winter, 2008): 61-82. 7

Kihl, Young Whan. Unraveling of U.S.-DPRK Nuclear Accord? A Post-Mortem Analysis of the Six-Paty Talks (SPT) Process. Mimeo. Kihl, Young Whan, Building an East Asian Regional Order: Testing of Propositions. East West Center Working Papers No. 16 (November 2006). Honolulu, HI, 2007. (www.eastwestcenter.org/stored/pdfs/pswp016.pdf.) *Kihl, Young Whan, 1984. Politics and Policies in Divided Korea: Regimes in Contest. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. *Kihl, Young Whan and Hong Nack Kim, eds. North Korea: The Politics of Regime Survival. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2006. Kil, Soong Hoom and Chung-in Moon, eds., Understanding Korean Politics: An Introduction. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001, *Kim, C.I. Eugene and B.C. Koh, eds. Journey to North Korea: Personal Perceptions. Research Papers Policy Studies 8, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley,1983. Read, especially, Chapter on The Issue of Korean Unification pp. 99-117. Kim, Samuel C., ed. North Korean Foreign Relations in the Post-Cold War Era. NY: Oxford University Press, 1998. Koh, Byung Chul. The Foreign Policy Systems of North and South Korea. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984. *Koh, Byung Chul, ed. North Korea and the World: Explaining Pyongyang s Foreign Policy. Seoul: Kyungnam University Press, 2004. Koo, Hagen, ed. State and Society in Contemporary Korea. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993. Lankov, Andrei. North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., Inc. 2007. Lee, Ki-baik. A New History of Korea (Hanguksa Sillon). Translated by Edward W. Wagner with Edward J. Shultz. Published for the Harvard-Yenching Institute by Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA, 1984. Lee, Peter H. ed. Sourcebook of Korean Civilization. In two Volumes (Volume 1: From Early Times to the Sixteenth Century, 1993) and (Volume 2: From the Seventeenth Century to the Modern Period, 1996), NY: Columbia University Press. The latter volume is more useful for the course reading. 8

Lee, Kwang-ho. Endorsing a New Five-Year Term for Kim Jong-il. Vantage Point Vol. 32, No. 5 (May 2009): pp. 2-7. Martin, Bradley K. Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leaders: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. Thomas Dunne Books. NY: St. Martin Press. Moon, Chung-in. North Korean Foreign Policy in Comparative and Theoretical Perspective. In BC Koh, ed., North Korea and the World. Pp. 327-368. Myers, Ramon H. and Mark R. Peattie, eds. The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984. Rozman, Gilbert. Northeast Asia s Stunted Regionalism: Bilateral Distrust in the Shadow of Globalization. NY: Cambridge University Press, 2004. *Shin, Doh C. Mass Politics and Culture in Democratizing Korea. Singapore: Cambridge University, 1999. Shin, Gi-Wook and Daniel C. Sneider, eds., Cross Currents: Regionalism and Nationalism in Asia. The Shoreinstein APARC, 2007. *Snyder, Scott. China s Rise and the Two Koreas: Politics, Economics, Security. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009. Snyder, Scott. Kim Jong Il s Successor Dilemmas, Washington Quarterly 33-1 (January 2010): 35-46. Stueck, William. The Korean War: An International History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. Wada, Haruki, Chosen Senso Jenshi (The Korean War Complete History.) Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2002. Yun, Philip W. and Gi-Wook Shin, eds. North Korea: 2005 and Beyond. The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, 2006. Other readings will be added, as we move on, from time to time. The latest books and on-going research on the Korean War History projects written by the noted scholars, for instance, have not been included in this select bibliography. Some of the inter-net based references and their addresses, for information on North and South Korea that may prove to be useful for your individual research, are as follows: NAPSNET (Northeast Asia Peace and Security Network). Daily Report http://www.nautilus.org. DPRKPolicy.html>http://www.nautilus.org/DPRKPolicy.html 9

The Council on Foreign Relations North Korea - http://www.cfr.org/region/276/north_korea.html South Korea - http://www.cfr.org/region/277/south_korea.html U.S.-Korea Institute http://www.uskoreainstitute.org/ http://uskoreainstitute.org/research/projects/nkstrategy SAIS US-Korea Institute Yearbook 2008, 2007, 2006 http://uskoreainstitute.org/research/publications/yearbook/yb2008.htm Stanford University, Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, Korean Studies Program http://ksp.stanford.edu/docs/about_ksp/ CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies) Websites http://csis.org/region/korea NBR (National Bureau of Asian Research) http://www.nbr.org/http://www.nbr.org /Research /group.aspx?id=44741690-a272-4060-a707-b463a252ecb7 Strategic Asia - http://www.nbr.org/research/initiative.aspx?id=b14bf671-686d- 4f30-859e-681b7d927b58; Asia Policy -http://www.nbr.org/publications/issue.aspx?id=187 Peterson Institute for International Economic Policy. http://www.iie.com/ http://www.iie.com/research/researcharea.cfm? ResearchTopicID=50&ParentTopicID=7#koreas The National Committee on North Korea. http://www.ncnk.org/resources/briefingpapers/testing DPRKPolicy_interests_and_options.htm NKIDP the Woodrow Wilson Center. http://www.wilsoncenter.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=topics.home&topic_id=230972 International Journal of Korean Studies http://www.asia-studies.com/contentijks.html www.icks.org/publication/index.html. IFES @ Kyungnam.ac.kr http://ifes.kyungnam.ac.kr/eng/default.asp Yonhap News Agency North Korea Newsletter http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/0406000000.html Vantage Points http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/0404000000.html 10

Spring 2010 Stanford University The Course Packet for Political Science 240L Title: THE POLITICS OF DIVIDED KOREA: Past, Present and Future Instructor: Young Whan Kihl Office: Encina C332 T: 650.724.5710, ykihl@stanford.edu, ykihl23@gmail.com Table of Contents: The Course Syllabus pp. 1-10 1. Part I (on Transforming ROK Politics updates) SOUTH KOREA S DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION: Beyond the Roh Moo-Hyun to Lee Myung-Bak Administration pp. 1-72 2. Part II (on Kim s DPRK Politics) Staying power of the socialist Hermit Kingdom pp. 73-114 3. Part III (on the SPT Process analysis, July 2009) Unraveling of U.S.-DPRK Nuclear Accord? A Post-Mortem Analysis of the Six-Party Talks (SPT) Process pp. 114-137 4. Part IV Appendix with Tables, Charts, Attachment, etc. pp. 138-151 11