Addressing Emerging Terrorist Threats and the Role of UNODC

Addressing Emerging Terrorist Threats and the Role of UNODC Ms. Dolgor Solongo, Officer-in-Charge, ISS1 (Asia and Europe)/ Terrorism Prevention Branch 14 April 2015

Terrorism Evolving Global Threat Terrorism is global threat benefiting from transnational organised crime Using criminal networks Engaging in criminal activities, for example, drugs and arms trafficking, kidnapping for ransom etc. Threat is growing more sophisticated and complex New phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters

Why UNODC? Role of UNODC Key United Nations Office with a mandate to address drugs trafficking, organised crime, corruption and terrorism UNODC provides multilateral response, offering: - Normative services: facilitating negotiation and implementation of international instruments on crime, drugs and terrorism; - Research and analysis; - Technical assistance: legal and capacity building, in particular criminal justice capacity building assistance, http://www.unodc.org/

The universal legal regime against terrorism Security Council resolutions 1373 2178 2195 2199 Security Council resolutions on Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entities (1267 1989 etc.) Security Council resolutions 1540 1673 (weapons of mass destruction) 19 universal instruments against Terrorism (conventions and protocols) UNODC S TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Common Points to the Conventions Establish offences Require States to criminalize offences Establish the principle aut dedere aut judicare = either extradite or prosecute Provide for international cooperation mechanisms

Security Council Resolution 2195 (2014) Urges Member States to break links between terrorism and other transnational organized crime, and emphasized the need to address conditions conducive to the spread of terrorism Encourages Member States and relevant organizations, as appropriate, to enhance cooperation and strategies to prevent terrorists from benefiting from transnational organized crime, and to build the capacity to secure their borders against and investigate and prosecute such terrorists and transnational organized criminals working with them, including through the strengthening of national, regional, and global systems to collect, analyse and exchange information, including law enforcement and intelligence information http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=s/res/2195%20(2014)

Security Council Resolution 2199 (2015) Reaffirms that terrorism in all forms and manifestations constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security and that any acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable regardless of their motivations, whenever and by whomsoever committed Reaffirms 2133 (2014) and notes again that ransom payments to terrorist groups are one of the sources of income which supports their recruitment efforts, strengthens their operational capability to organize and carry out terrorist attacks, and incentivizes future incidents of kidnapping for ransom Condemns the destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq and Syria particularly by ISIL and ANF, whether such destruction is incidental or deliberate, including targeted destruction of religious sites and objects http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=s/res/2199%20(2015)

Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014): Foreign Terrorist Fighters prevent and suppress the recruiting, organizing, transporting or equipping of individuals who travel to a State other than their State of residence or nationality for the purpose of the perpetration, planning or preparation of, or participation in, terrorist acts or the providing or receiving of terrorist training, and the financing of their travel and of their activities Urges Member States to intensify and accelerate the exchange of operational information regarding actions or movements of terrorists or terrorist networks, including foreign terrorist fighters. Adopted September 24, 2014 under Chapter VII, contains provisions binding for all Member States http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=s/res/2178%20(2014)

UNODC Addressing the Threat of Terrorists Benefiting from Transnational Organised Crime International Cooperation in Criminal Matters Border Control Law enforcement Countering the financing of terrorism Countering the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in fire arms Foreign Terrorist Fighters Use of Internet for terrorist purposes Kidnapping for ransom Corruption Research and analysis need to develop

UNODC Initiative on Criminal Justice Responses to Foreign Terrorist Fighters (2015-2019) Middle East and North Africa; South Eastern Europe; Central Asia; South East Asia. - Assistance to strengthen the capacities to prevent and suppress the threats posed by the FTF phenomenon; develop criminal justice officials capacities to deal with specific aspects related to countering FTF at the national and regional level; enhance international regional and sub-regional cooperation. - Focus on: investigative and prosecutorial aspects; the use of intelligence as admissible evidence; countering terrorism financing; protection of witnesses; special investigation techniques related to Internet-based terrorist offences.

Thank you! Dolgor Solongo (Ms.) Officer-in-Charge Implementation Support Section 1 (Asia and Europe) Terrorism Prevention Branch United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Dolgor.solongo@unodc.org Tel: (+43-1) 26060 5566

ANNEX

UNIVERSAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK AGAINST TERRORISM 19 international Counter Terrorism instruments 1. 1963 Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed On Board Aircraft 2. 1970 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft 3. 1971 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation 4. 1973 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents Annex 5. 1979 International Convention against the Taking of Hostages 6. 1980 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material 7. 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation 8. 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 9. 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf 10. 1991 Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection 11. 1997 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings 12. 1999 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism 13. 2005 International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism 14. 2005 Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material 15. 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 16. 2005 Protocol to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf 17. 2010 Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation 18. 2010 Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft

Ratification Status of EU States 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total Austria 16 Belgium 14 Bulgaria 15 Croatia 14 Cyprus 14 Czech 16 Republic Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 14 France 14 Germany 14 Greece 14 Hungary 14 Ireland 13 Italy 12 Latvia 16 Lithuania 14 Luxembourg 14 Malta 14 The 16 Netherlands Poland 14 Portugal 14 Romania 14 Slovakia 14 Slovenia 14 Spain 16 Sweden 16 United 14 Kingdom Annex

Terrorism Prevention Branch Due to the evolving nature of terrorist threats TPB s mandate was reiterated and enhanced by the General Assembly with regard to: - Strengthening international cooperation mechanisms; - Combating the financing of terrorism; - Countering the use of internet for terrorist purposes; - Promoting the rule of law and human rights in countering terrorism - Assisting and supporting victims of acts of terrorism; - Addressing complex legal issues arising from the links between terrorism and other crimes (illicit trafficking, money laundering, cyber crime, piracy etc) and; TPB provides substantive input to intergovernmental bodies. Annex

CT Legal Training Curriculum Modules on: international cooperation in criminal matters, the universal legal framework against terrorism; human rights and counter terrorism and aviation and maritime CT; ongoing work: Nuclear terrorism related CT Learning Platform Online training courses; worldwide community of practitioners; Regional platforms Tools and publications - 24 specialized tools Tool on Criminal Justice Responses to Support Victims of Terrorism (2011) The Use of Internet for Terrorist Purposes (2012) Tools Used

Terrorism Prevention Branch Achievements Between 2003-2015 Over 170 countries assisted Over 600 new ratifications of the international legal instruments Nearly 100 new or revised pieces of counter terrorism legislation developed by assisted Member States 19,000 national criminal justice officials trained.