Unit 5 Study Guide 1. What did the Northwest Ordinance establish? Process for a territory to become a state 2. Why was the Whig Party primarily created? Oppose Andrew Jackson s policies 3. What was the original purpose of Henry Clay s American System? Unify the North, South, and West 4. What was the central idea of Manifest Destiny Providence willed for the United States to expand from coast to coast 5. Name 4 factors that influenced antebellum westward migration. 6. What was one of the main reasons Americans migrated to Texas? - Mormon migration to Utah to avoid religious persecution - Settlers used established routes such as the Oregon Trail - Discoveries of precious metals spurred settlement - Existence of good harbors and trade in Califronia attacked diverse settlers Seeking agricultural land and economic opportunity
7. What in the US caused many Americans to settle in Texas? In-fighting between political parties 8. Which US President pushed forward the idea of manifest destiny with the annexation of Texas? James Polk 9. What incident caused the US to go to war with Mexico? US troops crossed the Nueces River thereby invading Mexico 10. What was one of the major terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo? Mexico agreed to cede territorial rights to California 11. What was the stipulation set forth by the Wilmot Proviso? Ban slavery in any territory gained from the Mexican War 12. What was the central issue behind the Compromise of 1850? Admission of California into the Union as a free state 13. What did the Missouri Compromise establish? Demarcation line between free and slave territories
14. What was the primary purpose for Willliam Lloyd Garrison publishing his Liberator? To bring attention to the evils of slavery 15. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 increase sectional tensions? Overturned the Missouri Compromise by allowing slavery north of the 36/30 line 16. Who were the two sides in the Bleeding Kansas wars and what did they fight for? Border Ruffians: pro-slavery Jayhawkers: antislavery 17. What was one of primary sectionalist divisions in the US leading up to the Civil War? Industrial economy in the North and agricultural economy in the South 18. What was the primary reason for the passage of the Missouri Compromise? Maintain a balance of power in Congress between free and slave states 19. What is popular sovereignty? Settlers in a territory have the sole right to decide the status of slavery 20. What was the ruling in the Dred Scott decision? African Americans were not citizens of the United States
21. What outraged Northerners the most about the Dred Scott decision? Congress never had the power to prohibit slavery in any territory 22. What were the lasting results of the Lincoln- Douglas debates? - Douglas elected to US Senate - Lincoln emerged as a national political figure - Increased public awareness of slavery - Douglas attempt to reconcile popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision 23. What was John Brown s intention with the Harper s Ferry Raid? Begin a slave rebellion 24. What conclusion did most Southerners form about Northerners after Brown s Raid on Harper s Ferry? All Northerners shared Brown s views 25. How did Lincoln view slavery? Slavery was a moral wrong for the Union should be preserved above all 26. What did the election of 1860 show about the South s relationship to the Republican Party? South was unified in its opposition to the Republican Party 27. How did Lincoln view South Carolina s secession? As an unconstitutional act of treason and rebellion
28. Why was Lincoln s suspension of habeas corpus controversial? Lincoln ignored a key part of the Bill of Rights 29. What was the South s biggest advantage at the beginning of the Civil War? Tactical military leadership 30. What did many Confederate leaders pin their hopes of victory on? European recognition and support 31. What was the significance of the Battle of Fort Sumter? First shots of the Civil War 32. Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? End foreign support of the South by major European powers 33. What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg? Turning point of the Civil War 34. Why did William T. Sherman pursue a scorched earth policy of destruction as he moved through Georgia? Wanted to break the South s will to fight and its ability to resist
35. What was Lincoln s view toward Reconstruction? Pardons would be granted to all Southerners taking an oath of allegiance to the Union 36. What major occupation did most freedmen take in the Reconstruction era? Sharecropping with many working for their former slave masters 37. What was the most important contribution of the Freedman sbureau? Education and the establishment of schools 38. What did both Lincoln and Johnson focus on in their idea of Reconstruction Forgiveness, healing, and reconciliation 39. What was the outcome of the Military Reconstruction Act? Divided the South into military districts to enforce Reconstruction policies 40. After rejecting Johnson s Reconstruction plans, what idea did Congress focus on? Punishing the South for causing the Civil War 41. What was the major premise of Lincoln s Ten Percent Plan? State readmission when ten percent of voters took a loyalty oath
42. List the goals of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction. - African American suffrage - Dismantle to plantation aristocracy of the South - Revolutionize Southern institutions and traditions - Believed Congress rather than the President should direct Reconstruction 43. Why did the House of Representatives impeach Johnson? For violating the Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton 44. Which legislation overturned the Dred Scott decision by granting African Americans citizenship 14 th Amendment 45. What was a main purpose for the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction? Returning African Americans to a condition of involuntary servitude 46. What was the term given to Southerners who joined the Republican Party? Scalawags 47. What did the sharecropping system contribute to in the post-war South? Poverty and continued racial division 48. What tactic did President Ulysses Grant employ to get reelected to a second term despite all the scandals? Waving the bloody shirt to highlight his success during the war
49. What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1875? (4 things) 50. What was significant about election of 1876? (4 things) - Last piece of Reconstruction legislation - Pushed the idea of social equality as far as possible in the 19 th century - Directly led to the Plessey v. Ferguson decision - Black congressmen were directly responsible for its passage - House of Representative decided the election by a bipartisan commission - Hayes agreed to remove all Federal troops from the South - Samuel Tilden won popular vote but lost electoral vote - Marked the end of Reconstruction