AKS M 49 C 30 a-d D 32 a-c D 33 a-c D 34 a-b BUILDING A NEW NATION

AKS M 49 C 30 a-d D 32 a-c D 33 a-c D 34 a-b BUILDING A NEW NATION

The official end of the Revolutionary War was the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The newly independent US and GA now faced the challenge of creating a system of government for our state and the new nation. Washington Accepting the British surrender At Yorktown http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/georgia_and_the_united_ states_constitution

GA Constitution of 1777 Replaced the Rules & Regulations Whigs (patriot extremists in GA) controlled the writing of the document Govt based on separation of powers with 3 branches Included the rights of citizens Created a powerful unicameral legislature because they believed it was closer to the people Appt judges Selected the gov for 1 yr terms John Treutlen, a Salzburger, was selected as the 1 st gov. John Treutlen

Articles of Confederation 1 st document that governed the US Written during the American Rev. Intentionally designed to create a weak central gov t because US wanted a gov t very diff from Britain. The gov t was a unicameral legislature; each state had 1 vote No executive branch No national courts

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Congress could not: levy taxes force states to obey its laws regulate or manage trade between states or with foreign countries Laws needed to the approval of 9 of the 13 states All 13 states had to agree to amend (change) the Articles Each state had its own money system There was no executive branch There was no judicial branch Huge war debt; U.S. had hard time paying back other nations & still owed money to men who fought in the American Revolution

Do You Remember? 1. Why did the young United States establish such a weak government in 1781? 2. Name at least 3 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 3. Compare the GA Constitution of 1777 to the Articles of Confederation. 4. Contrast the GA Constitution of 1777 to the Articles of Confederation.

A Change Is Needed George Washington & other leaders see the problems of the Articles Leaders of VA call for a meeting in Annapolis, MD in 1786 to discuss trade problems known as the Annapolis Convention 5 states attend (VA, DE, NY, NJ, PA ) Call for a general mtg in Philadelphia in May 1787 to discuss the problems with the Articles

Constitutional Convention Held in Philadelphia 1787 55 men represent 12 states (Rhode Island refused to send delegates) George Washington selected President of the Convention Realized strengthening the Articles of Confederation was not enough Articles have to be replaced Each state had one vote 7 out of 12 states had to approve all proposals Meetings held in secret GA represented by Abraham Baldwin & William Few Baldwin Few

GA s Role at the Convention Sent 4 men: William Pierce, William Houstoun plus Baldwin & Few Only Baldwin & Few stay for the whole time & sign for GA Baldwin s vote for the Small State Plan forces a compromise committee to be formed results in the Great Compromise. Baldwin appt to the committee helped write the Great Compromise

The US form of Government Delegates to the Convention studied many forms of government and all want to create a republic. Republic: form of government in which power resides with the citizens who elect representatives to make laws.

Organizing the Government James Madison of VA has researched gov t for years & comes with a plan VA Plan Represents the interests of large (in terms of pop) states Strong national gov t Can tax & regulate trade 3 branches legislative, executive, judicial Bicameral (2 houses) with representation based on state population; large states will have more votes James Madison

Organizing the Government Small states oppose the VA Plan William Paterson of NJ offers an alternative known as the New Jersey Plan Weak central gov t 1 house (unicameral) legislature with each state having 1 vote Central gov t can tax & control trade National courts & chief executive included

Committee created to make a compromise to settle the disagreement over representation & formation of the national legislature led by Roger Sherman of CT Resulted in the Great Compromise Bicameral legislature known as Congress Upper House (Senate) would have 2 members per state Lower House (House of Representatives) would have representation based on state population. Executive branch headed by the president National court system established The Great Compromise R. Sherman White House US Supreme Court

Next argument was over how to determine population for House representation Southern states (except VA) have smallest population; want to include their slaves Northern states are more populous; most have abolished slavery & want to exclude slaves in the pop count for House members 3/5 Compromise South can count 3 out of every 5 slaves for House representation purposes South must also pay taxes to national gov t based on this same number 3/5 Compromise

Should citizens or Congress elect the President? Created the Electoral College system: Each state s legislature allowed to have as many electors as they had members of Congress (2 Senators + # of members of the House). State representatives voted for the electors who would vote for President and Vice President. Still use this same system today

Target Answer these questions: 1. What two groups make up the US Congress? 2. How many senators does each state have? 3. How is representation determined for each state in the House of Representatives?

EXTRA CREDIT 1. Who is the Congressman that represents you? When is this person up for reelection? 2. What Congressional district do you live in? 3. Who are your 2 US Senators? 4. What is a Class for US Senators? How does it apply to your senators?

The Constitution On Sept. 17, 1787, the writing of the Constitution was finished. James Madison known as Father of Constitution as he wrote the majority of it. Each state held its own convention of delegates elected by the people of the state to discuss and vote on ratification (agreement).

Federalists vs. Antifederalists Federalists - supported Constitution Disputes among states made it difficult to get things done Strong national government is more efficient and still protects citizen s rights. Antifederalists - opposed the Constitution National Government would be too strong, no checks and balances on the government. No document that spelled out basic freedoms of people.

Ratification of U.S. Constitution 9 out of 13 states needed to ratify By June 21, 1788, 9 states had ratified it & the Constitution became law. Georgia was 4 th state to ratify Constitution GA ratifies the Constitution because it supports a strong national gov t Constitution GA lost British economic support and was in bad shape and needed support from a strong national government.

The US Constitution http://flocabulary.com/us-constitution/ Few s & Baldwin s signatures on the Constitution

Preamble: Purposes Article 2: Executive Article 1: Legislative Article 3: Judicial Article 4: Federalism Article 5: Amending Article 6: Supremacy Clause Article 7: Ratification

Balance of Power Separation of Power: Each branch has its own separate powers in the gov t Checks & Balances: Each branch has at least one power that allows it to oversee or control the other 2 branches. Example: President can veto legislation from Congress http://flocabulary.com/3-branches-of-government/?utm_campaign=monthlynewsletter&utm_source=hubspot_email_marketing&utm_medium=email&utm_content=3 036864&_hse=olive_thomas%2540gwinnett.k12.ga.us&_hsmi=3036864&_hsh=36e6dda5 fb9696224232a0f422c39f04

The Preamble (introduction) to the Constitution We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America. What 6 goals are stated in the Preamble?

Six Goals of the Preamble 1. To form a more perfect union = have a better national government. 2. Establish justice = have lawful ways of settling conflicts. 3. Insure domestic tranquility = have peace in all states. 4. Provide for the common defense = be able to protect ourselves from enemies. 5. Promote the general welfare = have good living conditions. 6. Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity = have freedom for ourselves and future generations of Americans.

Federalism = a system where the national, state, & local govts share authority over the same land & people 5 Basic Principles of the Constitution Popular Sovereignty = Gov t belongs to the people. Limited Government = Gov t only has powers people grant it. Can t take away individual s freedoms. Separation of Powers = 3 branches of gov t spread authority to govern. Checks and Balances = each branch of gov t serves as check on other branches to balance power.

1 st Ten Amendments In 1791, Congress had approved 10 amendments to the Constitution which prevent the government from interfering with the rights of individual people. These 10 amendments are called the Bill of Rights.

Bill of Rights 1. Freedom of: Religion, Press, Speech, Petition, and Assembly 2. State militias allowed and right to bear arms 3. Bans quartering soldiers 4. Unreasonable search & seizure (for example - search warrants) 5. Self-incrimination; double-jeopardy; compensation for taking your property 6. Speedy and public trial; right to a lawyer 7. Trial by jury 8. No cruel and unusual punishment. 9. Peoples rights are not limited to the listed or stated rights. 10. Powers not given specifically to the national gov t can be powers of the states.