8.1 Vocabulary Wilderness Road Republic Articles of Confederation Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Territory Northwest Ordinance Shays's Rebellion Chapter Connection: Articles of Confederation were not strong enough to govern the whole nation. & Northwest Territory was born. Westward Ho! Daniel Boone was contracted to create the Wilderness Road leading to Kentucky. The road was only big enough to travel by horse or foot, but thousands of people made the trip. Wilderness Road: The trail to Kentucky that Daniel Boon helped to create. Republic: Where people choose their representatives. Articles of Confederation: Adopted by the Continental Congress as the United States first official government laws. Land Ordinance of 1785: Surveyors staked out 6 mile square plots called townships in western lands. Northwest Territory: Land that was surveyed in 1785, including Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Northwest Ordinance: How the Northwest Territory would be governed. Shays's Rebellion: Farmers rebelled over high taxes, leading leaders to wanting a stronger national government. The Adventures of Daniel Boone: http://www.earlyamerica.com/lives/boone/chapt1/ Need for State and National Government Individual states were experimenting with their own forms of government. All states governments were republics, people chose their representatives. Questions arose for national government: Should states get votes by population or each state gets one vote? What would happen with the land west of the Appalachian Mountains? Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation were the United States first attempt at government. National Government: Wage war, make peace, sign treaties, and issue money. Was weak for fear of tyranny. State Government: Set taxes and enforce national laws Was strong Each state had one vote Land West of the Appalachian Mountains was given to connecting states. Was approved in 1777, but not ratified by all 13 colonies until 1781. 1
Unit 3 Section 1 Articles and Early Government.notebook The Northwest Land Ordinance of 1785 turned areas into townships 6 square mile plots. These new plots of land became known as the Northwest Territory. The Articles Weaknesses 1. Each state had one vote, all had to agree to pass laws 2. No executive or judicial branch 3. No common currency 4. Congress could not tax or regulate trade 5. Weak national government, states chose the laws *So we have some issues, how will we fix them? The Northwest Ordinance, described how these new lands would be governed. Some highlights: 5,000 men meant an assembly, 60,000 people a state. Freedom of religion. Trial by jury. Slavery was outlawed. Shays's Rebellion Can You Answer Since states were in debt from the war they had to find a way to raise revenue. What did Daniel Boone do? Taxes were high, more than most people made in a year especially for farmers. What was the Northwest Territory? Shays was a farmer in Massachusetts that disagreed with the taxes and led a group of 1,500 men to attack a federal arsenal. What did Shays's Rebellion make political leaders question? They failed, but people became sympathetic to the farmers. * Is a strong national government the answer? What are The Articles of Confederation and what did they do? Why were The Articles of Confederation weak? * On a separate sheet of paper: Ask one question about something that you don't understand. Answer 2 of the 5 questions in 2 sentences or less. 2
8.2 Vocabulary al Convention James Madison Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Great Compromise 3/5 Compromise Chapter Connection: Convention and Compromise al Convention: Delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss the future of the United States government. Washington, Franklin, and Madison were present. James Madison: Statesman whom was very well informed on government, and influential in the continental congress. Virginia Plan: Plan that proposed, Government would have three branches. Two houses of legislature based on state's population or wealth. New Jersey Plan: One house legislature each state has one vote. Great Compromise: Two house legislature. One house had equal representation and one house based on population. 3/5 Compromise: 3/5ths of a states slave population would be counted. al Convention Delegates from individual states were meeting with each other to discuss trade between each other. *Why would they need to discuss trade? 55 delegates decided to meet at the al Convention in Philadelphia. (No Rhode Island) People that attended were: lawyers, planters, merchants, and doctors. Notables were Washington, Franklin, and Madison. Americans thought that government was the main threat to peoples rights. *Why did they think this? So the government needs to be strong, but not too strong. *Will the Articles be amended or will we make a new type of government? Convention Begins 1st: We need a leader someone that everybody respects. 2nd: We need to have rules for the convention. 3rd: What happens at the convention stays at the convention. Let's convention! Virginia Plan (large states) Plan for a whole new government. : 3 branches : legislature (2 branches based on population or wealth.) : executive : judiciary Government could: tax, regulate trade, and make laws *Not a bad idea, or was it? 3
New Jersey Plan (small states) The Great Compromise One house in the legislature. (much like the Articles) Each state got one vote *If the Articles were weak is this a good option? Maybe there should be two houses one of each... BANG!!!! 2 houses Senate: Each state has equal representation. House: Representation based on population. Three Fifths Compromise Questions Slaves in the south, how should they be counted for population? North: They shouldn't because they are not citizens. South: They should so we have representation. Compromise: Each slave will count as 3/5ths of a person. *Does this seem logical? Compromise? Socially acceptable? Both the north and south gave a little, north had banned slavery and the south needed it. We have a framework for a different new government, will the states agree and ratify it? Why did we have a constitutional convention? What was the Virginia Plan and why wasn't it perfect? What was the New Jersey Plan and why wasn't it perfect? Why was the great compromise so great? Was the 3/5ths compromise fair? Ethical? 4
Unit 3 Section 1 Articles and Early Government.notebook 8.3 Vocabulary Federalism Chapter Connection: Federalists Federalist VS. Anti Federalist Anti federalists Ratification Federalist VS. Anti federalists Propaganda was all over both for and against the newly penned. Federalism is where a federal government shares power with state governments. The Federalist Papers Federalist were those that supported the, Anti federalist where those that were against it. Bill of Rights *How could anyone possibly be against the? Federalism: Power is shared among the federal government and states. Federalists: Supporters of the. Anti federalists: Opposed the. The Federalist Papers: Series of essays that explained and defended the. Federalists Anti Federalists Remove some state powers and give them to the federal government. Wanted political powers to stay with individual states. Divide powers among different branches of the government. Legislative branch should be the strongest. One person should head the executive branch. Leader of the executive branch could become a king or tyrant. Bill of rights needed to be added to the to protect the people. Bill of Rights: First ten amendments of the. Ratification 9 states quickly ratified the, which meant that it was official, but Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island did not. The Federalist Papers To persuade people to the Federalist side a series of essays were created and published to refute the Anti federalist ideas. Virginia: Powerful, wealthy, and largest state New York: Powerful and separated north and south Most newspapers supported the Federalist, giving them a propaganda advantage. States on the edge yet, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Rhode Island, New York, and Virginia.(NY and VA are key players) Both states were filled with Anti Federalist, and wanted a Bill of Rights for the people. A Bill of Rights, began to be drafted and Virginia ratified the. Upon hearing the news New York followed suit. The other two would eventually ratify the. 5
Bill of Rights Questions Since states were requesting some amendments to the original, a separate section at the end of the constitution was created. The goal of the Bill of Rights was to protect the people against the power of the national government. The first 10 amendments were known was the Bill of Rights. What was a Federalist views of the constitution? What was an Anti Federalist views of the constitution? What did the Federalist Papers do? During ratification process what states were not signing, and why? Bill of Rights significance, and how it helped the to be ratified. The The is considered the supreme law of the land. The has 7 key principles or goals. 1. Popular Sovereignty 2. Republicanism 3. Federalism 4. Separation of Powers 5. Checks and Balances 6. Limited Government 7. Individual Rights *Why is this so important to the United States and you? What the Consist of. Preamble: Explains the Purpose, "We The People". 7 Articles: Explain the framework of our government. 27 Amendments (First 10 are Bill of Rights): Added to the original document. * Has our governments framework changed much? * Why would we need room for more amendments? 6
Bill of Rights (amendments 1 10) Bill of Rights quickly followed the ratification of the, put in place to protect the people. Ice Ice Baby: Wrecking Ball: Article 1, 2, 3 Overview 3 Branches of Government, and what they do. Article 1: Legislature Make laws and have checks and balances powers. Are the voice of the "people". Article 2: Executive Enforces the laws, in control of the military, foreign policy. President is the leader of our nation and influences policy. Article 3: Judicial Interprets and reviews laws. Checks and balances for laws. Closer Look: 1st Religious and Political Freedom: Right to speech, press, and religion. Have the right to petition the government. 2nd Right to Bear Arms: Ability for citizens of the U.S. to have weapons. Congress can regulate though. 3rd Quartering Troops: Can't be forced to house soldiers. 4th Search and Seizure: Need search warrant with probable cause. 5th Rights of Accused Person: Accused people have rights. 1. Grand Jury for major accusation. 2. Double Jeopardy. 3. Don't have to be a witness in own case. 4. Due Process of Law. 5. Property can not be taken without compensation. 6th Right to a Speedy, Public Trial: Trial will happen in a timely manor. 7th Trial by Jury in Civil Cases: You are allowed a jury if needed. *Judge Judy 8th Limits of Fines and Punishments: Excessive fines or bail, nor cruel or unusual punishment. *Death Penalty 9th Right of People: Government can not infringe on rights that were not included in the and previous 8 amendments. Helps to answer questions, side with liberty. *Have they ever done this? 10th Powers of States and People: If there is not a law or restriction from the federal government, states or people can make the decision. *What doesn't the government have control of? Other Amendments 11 27 Notables: 13th Abolished slavery. 15th All men can vote regardless of race. 16th Income tax. 18th Denies alcohol sale and consumption. 19th Women's Suffrage. 21st repealed the 18th amendment. 26th 18 and older to vote. Questions Are the fundamental principles of the still in place today? Has this idea of democracy stood the test of time? What are the 7 key principles of the? What is the purpose of the articles in the? What is the significance of the Bill of Rights? Why do we have amendments to the? What are some of the important amendments? 7
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