Chapter 8 and 9 Review

Chapter 8 and 9 Review

A constitution is a document that outlines the powers of government. Constitution (1787) James Madison formulated many of the ideas included in the Constitution and is known as the Father of the Constitution. He proposed that the U.S. government be organized in three branches: a legislative branch (Congress), an executive branch (the President) and a judicial branch (Supreme Court). The Great Compromise related to representation of states in the federal government. Other compromises made during the drafting process included the three-fifths compromise which counted slaves as three-fifths of a person when apportioning direct taxes or counting representation in the House of representatives. Another compromise related to the slave trade, which the convention agreed to end in 1808. Article VII, The Federalists, who favored a strong central government, supported the Constitution while the Anti- Federalists, who favored states rights and the protection of individual rights through a Bill of Rights, opposed ratification

Bill of Rights (1791) Federalist Papers (1788) The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the Constitution ratified in 1791. In several states, ratification of the Constitution was only obtained when Federalist supporters promised to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. A series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison in order to convince Americans that the new nation would not last if the proposed Constitution was not adopted. The Federalist Papers helped to persuade Americans to approve the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson called them the best explanation ever written about the principles of government. Anti-Federalist writings Writings by Anti-Federalists, including George Mason, Patrick Henry and others that contained arguments against ratification of the Constitution. The writings appeared in various forms, by various authors, many of whom used a pseudonym. Collectively, these writings have become known as the Anti-Federalist Papers. They contain warnings of dangers from tyranny that weaknesses in the proposed Constitution did not adequately provide against. They also insisted on the inclusion of Bill of Rights to secure the rights of the people.

U.S. Constitution 1787 ssembly ress etition eligion Articles of Confederation 1781 the nation s first constitution; lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage lack of power to create a national army Magna Carta 1215 granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the king egislative makes laws House of Burgesses 1619 The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia A M E R I C A N xecutive enforces the law G O V E R N M E N T Mayflower Compact 1620 first system of selfgovernment in America. peech udicial interprets the law Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative government English Bill of Rights 1689 supported a limited monarchy, gov t based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL Englishmen

Founding Documents ec. of Ind. rticles of Confed. onstitution Jamestown -1 st perm. English settlement Mayflower Compact 1 st system of selfgov t Declaration of Independence Freedom from Englsih Rule Constitution Replaced Article of Confed. Revolution Events Middle Colonies exington aratoga Valley Forge orktown subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate GA SC PA VA MD NC NH NY MA CT RI NJ DE New England Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling Southern Colonies Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system Appalachian Mtns Great Lakes US in 1783

34. The Articles of Confederation Our 1st National government with one branch (legislative). The states have most of the power. It would be replaced by the Constitution in 1787. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation No executive branch No levying of taxes No judicial branch No regulation of trade

40. Checks and Balances is a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.

41. Separation of Powers: system in which each branch of government has its own powers. Legislative Executive Judicial Makes Laws Executes Laws Interprets Laws

42. Republicanism is a system of representative government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.

43. Federalism is the sharing of power between the states and the national government.

44. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government and the Bank of the United States. This is cool! Now we have a strong national government!

Anti-Federalists 45. Anti-federalists were people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government. They also opposed the Bank of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson and George Mason were leading Anti-Federalists. We, The People

We are Publius! We We are are 46. The Federalist Papers - a series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded.

47. The Legislative Branch makes the laws. The Executive Branch enforces the laws. The Judicial Branch interprets the My name is Bill Lawmaker. Super STAAR 130 meaning of the laws. I veto you You are SO guilty!!!

49. The Constitution (our written plan of government) - Created: Philadelphia, 1787. Provides a strong national government with power balanced between the 3 branches. Executive Enforces the Laws Legislative Makes the Laws Power Judicial Interprets the Law

I can amend the Amendments! Super STAAR 130 52. Amend means to change. As in amend the Constitution so it works better. Amendment = change to the Constitution

53. is passed when 2/3 of Congress (House & Senate) and ¾ of the state legislatures vote in favor of that amendment. Constitutional Amendment

54. The Bill of Rights - 1st ten amendments to the Constitution -- designed to protect our individual liberties.

55. The First Amendment Protects the freedom of Religion Assembly Press Petition Speech

56. The 2nd Amendment A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. I have the right to bear arms! Grrrr! I sure wish I had a gun!

57. The 3rd Amendment - "No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." Addressed the grievance of the Quartering Act This place looks great!! I think I ll move in.

58. Due process how laws are enforced fairly For example 4th Amendment - no illegal search or seizure. 5th Amendment - no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy, and no loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. 6th Amendment - the right to a speedy trial, a lawyer, to cross examine witnesses, and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify. 7th Amendment - the right to a jury trial in civil suits. 8th Amendment - Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, no cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

You must right this down too! WOW!! That means I get even more rights than what is in the Bill of Rights?!?!? That Flippin Rocks!! 9 th 59. The 9th Amendment: - The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

60. The 10th Amendment The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Meaning