LAW 2056 A Seminar in International Trade Law Professor G.R. Winham Faculty of Law Spring Term, 2002/2003 Dalhousie University Tuesday, 4:30-6:30 p.m. ******************************************************* INTRODUCTION SYLLABUS This course will survey a number of subject areas relevant to the international trade system of the 1990s. These will include trade agreements, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), as well as issues that arise in connection with these agreements, such as trade rules, services, investment or environmental issues. Dispute settlement will be a major theme in the course, because of the importance of dispute settlement in raising questions of legal analysis. It is commonly said that international trade is a mixture of politics, economics and law. This course will focus on the legal component, although students are invited to acquaint themselves with other aspects insofar as it promotes sound legal analysis. Coursework is composed of individual research papers and classroom activities. For the former, students are encouraged to pursue any topics for their papers which are reasonably related to modern international trade relations, and which can be profitably examined using a legal approach. For the latter, the focus of the course will be the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) and to a lesser extent the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which account for most of the international legal regime within which Canada's international trade is transacted. This course is a paper course, meaning that students are responsible for a term paper worth 65 percent of the course mark. Students are expected to choose their topics as soon as possible, and to hand in about the sixth week, a 2-page abstract of the paper, including a table of contents or a point-form outline. The best way to choose a topic is to survey the literature in the field, especially the periodical literature. Papers are 1
2 expected to be between 20 and 25 pages in length, and both lower and upper limits should be respected. Classes will be run on a seminar basis, with questions, answers and discussion. Readings required for class discussion will be drawn largely from secondary sources, such as books and articles. A casebook of legal documents will also be provided. Students should expect to become familiar with legal texts, but the weight of class discussion will be focused on secondary materials, and will include policy issues as well as law. In this manner the course should be of interest to students who have backgrounds in economics, political science or business - as well as law - and who are interested to learn more about how the international trade system works in practice. Students will be expected to submit two short pieces of written work during the term, and to participate in class discussion. The written work will consist of a summary (or brief) of a GATT panel decision (2 pp.), and a memorandum based on participation in a rulemaking exercise dealing with foreign investment. The class mark will be made up of the term paper (65%), oral performance in class, (15%), and the two written pieces (20%). BIBLIOGRAPHY Periodicals: Periodicals which carry articles relevant to this course are as follows: Journal of International Economic Law, Journal of World Trade (previously Journal of World Trade Law), Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, World Trade Review, Law and Policy in International Business, Journal of Common Market Studies, World Economy, and International Lawyer. Also, many university reviews of international law (such as the Harvard International Law Journal) will carry articles related to international trade law. GATT/WTO sources include Basic Instruments and Selected Documents (BISD), WTO Activities, WTO Focus, Press Releases, and News of the Uruguay Round. The WTO website (www.wto.org) and the websites of national foreign offices (e.g., www.dfaitmaeci.gc.ca) are excellent sources of documentary information. Other contemporary resources include Inside U.S. Trade, and the "International Trade Reporter" published by the U.S. Bureau of National Affairs. Older Texts: The following older texts will give readers an appreciation of international trade, the GATT system, and regional and multilateral trade negotiations. Condliffe, J.B., The Commerce of Nations, (New York: W.W. Norton, 1950). Croome, John Reshaping the World Trading System: A History of the Uruguay Round, (Geneva: World Trade Organization, 1995).
Dam, Kenneth W. The GATT: Law and International Economic Organization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970); Doern, G. Bruce and Brian Tomlin, Faith and Fear: The Free Trade Story (Toronto: Stoddart, 1991). Hart, Michael, with Bill Dymond and Colin Robertson, Decision at Midnight: Inside the Canada-U.S. Free-Trade Negotiations (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994). Hudec, Robert E., The GATT Legal System and World Trade Diplomacy (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975). Hudec, Robert E. Enforcing International Trade Law: The Evolution of the Modern GATT Legal System, (Salem, NH: Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1993). Jackson, John H. World Trade and The Law of GATT (Bobbs-Merrill, 1969). Jackson, John H. The World Trading System: Law and Policy of International Economic Relations, (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989). Preeg, Ernest H., Traders and Diplomats: An Analysis of the Kennedy Round under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, (Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, 1970). Preeg, Ernest, Traders in a brave new world: the Uruguay Round and the future of the international trading system, (University of Chicago Press, 1995). Stone, Frank, Canada, the GATT and the International Trade System (Montreal: IRPP, 1984); Trebilock, Michael and Robert Howse, The Regulation of International Trade, (New York: Routledge, 1995). Winham, Gilbert R., International Trade and the Tokyo Round Negotiation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Current Texts: There has been an almost exponential growth of writings on international trade and especially the WTO system in the past several years. The following list of texts, arranged in subject categories, will give the reader an appreciation of the breadth and intensity of scholarly output in this subject area. 3
General Bhagwati, Jagdish, Free Trade Today, (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2002). - and Panagariya, Arvind, Srinivasan, T.N., Lectures on International Trade - 2nd Edition, (Boston, MA, MIT Press, 1998). - and Hudec, Robert, E., Fair Trade and Harmonization - Vol. 2 : Legal Analysis, (Boston, MA, MIT Press, 1996). Bhala, Raj, International Trade Law: Theory and Practice, (New York, NY., Lexis Publishing, 2001), 2 nd ed. Carr, Indira, et. al., International Trade Law, (London, UK., Cavendish Publishing, 1999). Cass, Ronald, A., et. al., (eds.), International Trade Law, (Brookfield, VT., Ashgate Publishing, 2003) Collins, Susan, M., and Rodrik, Dani, (eds.), Brookings Trade Forum: 2000, (Washington, DC., Brookings Institution Press, 2001). Croome, John, Guide to the Uruguay Round Agreements, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer,/WTO Secretariat, 1999). Das, Bhagirath, Lal, The World Trade Organization: A Guide to the Frameworks for International Trade, (London, UK, Zed Books, 2000). Dennin, Joseph, F., Law & Practice of the World Trade Organization, (New York, Oceana Publications, 1995), 4 volumes, looseleaf updates 1995-. Howse, Robert, and Trebilcock, Michael, J., The Regulation of International Trade, (London, UK, Routledge, 1999), 2 nd edition. Islam, Rafiqul, M., International Trade Law, (Thomson Professional Pub., Pyrmont, N.S.W., Australia, 1999). Jackson, John H., The Jurisprudence of GATT and the WTO : Insights on Treaty Law and Economic Relations, (Cambridge, MA, Cambridge University Press, 2000). - The World Trading System - 2nd Edition : Law and Policy of International Economic Relations, (Boston, MA, MIT Press, 1997). Krueger, Anne, O., (ed.), The WTO as an International Organization, (Chicago, IL., University of Chicago Press, 2000). 4
Paterson, Robert, K., and Band, Martine, M.N., International Trade and Investment Law in Canada, (Toronto, ON., Carswell Legal Publications, 1995), 2 nd ed. Qureshi, Asif, H., The World Trade Organization: Implementing International Trade Norms, (Manchester, UK., Manchester University Press, 1998). Raworth, Philip, (ed.,), with Linda C. Reif, The Law of the WTO: Final Text of the GATT Uruguay Round Agreements, (Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, 1995). Sampson, Gary, P., The Role of the World Trade Organization in Global Governance, (New York, NY, United Nations University Press, 2001). Schott, Jeffrey, J., (ed.), Launching New Global Trade Talks: An Action Agenda, (Washington, D.C., Institute for International Economics, 1998). - (ed.), The WTO After Seattle, (Washington, DC., Institute for International Economics, 2000) - (ed.) with C. Fred Bergsten (Preface), Renato Ruggiero, The WTO After Seattle, (Washington, DC., Institute for International Economics, 2000). Skyes, Alan, O., and Jackson, John, H., (eds.), Implementing the Uruguay Round, (Oxford, UK, Clarendon Press, 1997). Van Houtte, H., The Law of International Trade, (London, UK., Sweet & Maxwell, 1995). World Trade Organization, The Legal Texts : The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, (Cambridge, UK., Cambridge Univ Press, 2000). - From GATT to the WTO: The Multilateral Trading System in the New Millennium, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2000). Government Procurement Arrowsmith, Sue, Government Procurement in the WTO, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2002). Hoekman, Bernard, M., and Mavroidis, Petros, C., (eds.), Law and Policy in Public Purchasing: The WTO Agreement on Government Procurement, (Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan Press, 1997) Trade in Services 5
Arup, Christopher, The New World Trade Organization Agreements: Globalizing Law Through Services and Intellectual Property, (Cambridge, MA., Cambridge University Press, 2000). Cass and Herring, International Trade in Telecommunications, (Washington, DC., AEI Press, 1998). Claessens, Stijn, and Jansen, Marion, (eds.), The Internationalization of Financial Services, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer Law, 2000). Dobson, Wendy, and Jacquet, Pierre, Financial Services Liberalization in the WTO, (Washington, D.C., Institute for International Economics, 1998). Evans, Peter, C., Liberalizing Global Trade in Energy Services, (Washington, DC., AEI Press, 2002). Findlay, Christopher, and Warren, Tony, (eds.), Impediments to Trade in Services: Measurement and Policy Implications, (New York, NY, Routledge, 2000). Sauve, Pierre, Stern, Robert, M., (eds.), GATS 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalization, (Washington, DC., The Brookings Institution, 2000). Sinclair, Scott, GATS: How the World Trade Organization s new services negotiations threaten democracy, (Ottawa, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2000). Skipper, Harold, Insurance in the GATS, (Washington, DC., AEI Press, 2001). Stephenson, Sherry, M., (ed.), Services Trade in the Western Hemisphere, (Washington, D.C., OAS & Brookings Institution Press, 2000). World Trade Organization, Guide to the GATS: An Overview of Issues for Further Liberalization of Trade in Services, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2001). World Trade Organization, Guide to the GATS - An Overview of Issues for Further Liberalization of Trade in Services (WTO's Guide to Series Volume 3), (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2000). Trade Related Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Beier, Friedrich-Karl, and Schricker, Gerrick, (eds.), From GATTS to TRIPS: The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, (Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, 1996). 6
Correa, Carlos, Maria, Intellectual Property Rights, the WTO and Developing Countries: The TRIPS Agreement and Policy Options, (London, UK, Zed Books, 2000). - and Yusuf, Abdulqawi, (eds.), Intellectual Property and International Trade: The Trips Agreement, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1998). Gervais, Daniel, J., The Trips Agreement: Drafting History and Analysis, (London, UK, Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd, 1998). Hecht, Joy, E., Trips Agreement: Sustainable Development and the Public Interest, (Union Lntl Pour LA Conservation De, 2001). International Chamber of Commerce Staff, (ed.,), Intellectual Property and International Trade - A Guide to the Uruguay Round TRIPS Agreement, #552, (New York, NY, 1997). Khor, Kok, Peng, Intellectual Property, Biodiversity, and Sustainable Development: The Trips Agreement and the Issues to Be Resolved, (London, UK, Zed Books, 2003). Matthews, Duncan, Globalising Intellectual Property: The TRIPS Agreement, (New York, NY, Routledge/Warwick Studies in Globalisation, 2002). Nolff, Markus, TRIPS, PCT and Global Patent Procurement, (The Hague, Netherlands, 2001). Pires De Carvalho, The Trips Regime of Patent Rights, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2002). Watal, Jayashree, Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2001). Subsidies Benitah, Marc, The Law of Subsidies under the GATT/WTO System, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2001). Anti-Dumping Bierwagen, Rainer, M., GATT Article VI and the Protectionist Bias in Anti-Dumping Laws, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1990). Hindley, Brian, with Messerlin, Patrick, Antidumping Industrial Policy: Legalized Protectionism in the WTO and What to Do About It, (Washington, DC., AEI Press, 1996). 7
Steele, Keith, Anti-Dumping under the WTO: A Comparative View, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1996). Stewart, Terence, P., and Dwyer, Amy, S., WTO Antidumping and Subsidy Agreements: A Practitioner s Guide to Sunset Reviews in Canada, the European Union, and the United States, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1998). Agriculture Bilal, Sanoussi, and Pezzaros, Pavios, Negotiating the Future of Agricultural Policies: Agricultural Trade and the Millennium WTO, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2000). Desta, Melaku, Geboye, The Law of International Trade in Agricultural Products: From GATT 1947 to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2002). Echols, Marsha, A., Food Safety and the WTO: The Interplay of Culture, Science and Technology, (The Hague, Netherlands, 2001). Environment Sampson, Gary, P., Trade, Environment, and The WTO: The Post-Seattle Agenda, (Washington, DC., Overseas Development Council, 2000), policy essay # 27. Steinberg, Richard, H., (ed.), The Greening of Trade Law: International Trade Organizations and Environmental Issues, (Lanham, MD., Rowman & Littlefield, 2002). Weiss, Edith Brown, and Jackson, John, H., (eds.), Reconciling Environment and Trade, (Ardsley, NY., Transnational Publishers, 2001). Dispute Settlement Bronckers, M., and Marco, C.E.J., A Cross-Section of WTO Law, (London, Cameron May, 2000). Gallagher, Peter, Guide to Dispute Settlement (WTO Guide Series, 4), (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2002). Palmeter, David, N., and Mavroidis, Petros, C., Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization: Practice and Procedure, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1999). 8
Pescatore, Pierre, Davey, William J., Lowenfeld, Andreas F., Handbook of WTO/GATT Dispute Settlement, (Ardsley, NY, Transnational Pubns, 1991). Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich, International Trade Law and the GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1997). Swacker, Frank, W., Redden, Kenneth, R., Wenger, Larry, B., World Trade Without Barriers: The WTO and Dispute Resolution, (New York, NY., Lexis Law Pub, 1996). Weiss, Friedl, Improving WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures, (London, UK., Cameron May, 2000). World Trade Organization, The WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures : A Collection of the Relevant Legal Texts, (Cambridge, UK., Cambridge University Press, 2002), 2 nd ed. Development Das, Bhagirath, Lal, WTO: The Doha Agenda: The New Negotiations on World Trade, (London, UK, Zed Books, forthcoming, Jan.2003). Hoekman, Bernard, Mattoo, Aaditya, (eds.), Development, Trade, and the WTO: A Handbook, (New York, NY, World Bank, 2002). Jayashree, Watal, Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2001). Key, Sydney, J., The Doha Agenda: Issues for the Financial Services Negotiations, (Washington, DC., AEI Press, forthcoming Dec.2002). Regional Trade Agreements DeBurca, G., and Scott, Joanne, The EU and the WTO: Legal and Constitutional Issues, (Oxford, 2001). Mathis, James, H., and Bhagwati, J., Regional Trade Agreements in the GATT/WTO Article XXIV and the International Trade Requirement, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2002). Weiler, J., H. H., (ed.), The EU, the WTO, and the NAFTA, (Oxford University Press, 2001). 9
Accession Groombridge, Mark, A., and Barfield, Claude, E., Tiger by the Tail: China and the World Trade Organization, (Washington, DC., AEI Press, 1999). Panitchpakdi, Supachai, and Clifford, Mark L., China and the WTO: Changing China, Changing World Trade, (Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, 2002). Competition Policy Grossman, Gene, M., (ed.), Imperfect Competition and International Trade, (Boston, MA, MIT Press, 1992). Milner, Chris, and Read, Robert, (eds.), Trade Liberalization, Competition and the WTO, (Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar Pub, 2002). Zach, Roger, Towards WTO Competition Rules: Key Issues and Comments on the WTO Report (1998) on Trade and Competition, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1999). Tariffs and Market Access Hoda, Anwarul, Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO : Procedures and Practices, (Cambridge, MA, Cambridge University Press, 2001). NAFTA Canadian Bar Association, NAFTA Chapter 11: Investor-State Disputes: Litigation Against Sovereigns, (Toronto, Canadian Bar Association, 2000). Folsom, Ralph, H., and Folsom, W. Davis, NAFTA: Law and Business, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1999). Howse, Robert, Settling Trade Remedy Disputes: When the WTO Forum is Better than the NAFTA, (Toronto, C.D. Howe Institute, 1998). Lemieux, Denis, Review of Administrative Action under NAFTA, (Toronto, Carswell, 1999). McKinney, Joseph, A., Created From NAFTA: The Structure, Function and Significance of the Treaty s Related Institutions, (Armonk, NY, M.E. Sharpe, 2000). Norton, Joseph, J., NAFTA: Law and Business of the Americas, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, forthcoming, 2003). 10
Omalu, Mirian Kene, NAFTA and the Energy Charter Treaty: Compliance with, Implementation and Effectiveness of International Investment Agreement, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1998). Robert, Maryse, Negotiating NAFTA: Explaining the Outcome in Culture, Textiles, Autos, and Pharmaceuticals, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2000). Rubin, Seymour, J., and Alexander, Dean, C., NAFTA and the Environment, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1996). - NAFTA and Investment, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 1995). Schefer, K. N., International Trade in Financial Services: The NAFTA Provisions, (The Hague, Netherlands, Kluwer, 2000). ********************************************* 11
COURSE OUTLINE Class 1 Class 2 Introduction Origins of the International Trading System: The GATT and Market Access Documents: Guide to the Uruguay Round Agreements (Geneva: WTO, 1999), 37-47. GATT Articles I, II(1), III, VII(2), XI, XIX, XX, XXVIIIbis. Class readings: (Required) John H. Jackson, The World Trade Organization: Constitution and Jurisprudence, (London: Pinter, 1998), Chapter 2 Bretton Woods, ITO, GATT and WTO, 12-35. Gilbert R. Winham, The Tokyo Round in Historical Perspective in International Trade and the Tokyo Round Negotiation, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986), 19-42. Aaditya Mattoo and Arvind Subramania, Regulatory Autonomy and Multilateral Disciplines: The Dilemma and a Possible Resolution, Journal of International Economic Law (1998), 303-322. Recommended: William Diebold, Jr., Reflections on the International Trade Organization, Northern Illinois University Law Review, Vol. 14 (1994), 335-46. Michael Trebilcock and Robert Howse, The Regulation of International Trade, (New York: Routledge, 1995), Chapters 1-2. Class 3 The World Trade Organization (WTO) Documents: Guide, (cited) 1-36. Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization Class readings: (Required) John H. Jackson, op. cit, Chapter 3, The WTO-Charter and Organization, 36-58. Gilbert R. Winham, The World Trade Organisation: Institution-Building in the Multilateral Trade System, The World Economy, Vol. 21:3 (May, 1998), 349-368. Rorden Wilkinson, The WTO in Crisis: Exploring the Dimensions of International Inertia, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 35:3, (2001) 397-419. 12
Recommended: John H. Jackson, Restructuring the GATT System, (New York: Council on Foreign Relations and Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1990). Michael Rom, Some Early Reflections on the Uruguay Round as Seen from the Viewpoint of a Developing Country, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 28: 6 (1994) 5-30. Jeffrey J. Schott, The Uruguay Round: An Assessment (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994). WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: FRIDAY, JANUARY 24, 2003 (4:00 P.M.) Brief of EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones): Report of the Appellate Body, WTO doc. WT/DS26/AB/R of 16 January 1998. Class 4 WTO Dispute Settlement Documents: Guide (cited) review 17-30. GATT Articles XXII, XXIII WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding NAFTA Chapter 20 Class readings: (Required) Andrew W. Shoyer, The First Three Years of WTO Dispute Settlement: Observations and Suggestions, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 1 (1998) 277-302. David Palmeter and Petros C. Mavroidis, The WTO Legal System: Sources of Law, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 92:3 (July 1998) 398-413. J.H.H. Weiler, The Rule of Lawyers and the Ethos of Diplomats: Reflections on the Internal and External legitimacy of WTO Dispute Settlement, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 35:2 (2001) 191-207. Recommended: W.J. Davey, Has the WTO dispute settlement system exceeded its authority? A consideration of deference shown by the system to member government decision and its use of issue-avoidance techniques, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 4:1 (March 2001), 79-110. Mary Footer, Developing Country Practice in the Matter of WTO Dispute Settlement, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 35:1 (2001) 55-98. 13
Young Kuk Park and Marion Panizzon, WTO Dispute Settlement 1995-2001: A Statistical Analysis, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 5:1 (March 2002), 221-44. Cherise M. Walles and Brendan P. McGivern, The Right to Retaliate under the WTO Agreement, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 34:2 (2000), 63-84. Gustavo Vega C. and Gilbert R. Winham, The Role of NAFTA Dispute Settlement in the Management of Canadian, Mexican and U.S. Trade and Investment Relations, Ohio Northern University Law Review, Vol. 28:3 (2002). Class 5 WTO Appellate Body Documents: Same as Class 4. Class Readings: (required) Debra Steger, Appellate Body Jurisprudence Relating to Trade Remedies, Journal of World Trade, 35:5 (2001) 799-823. Edwin Vermulst, Petros C. Mauroidis and Paul Waer, The Functioning of the Appellate Body After Four Years: Towards Rule Integrity, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 33:2 (1999), 1-50. Reinhard Quick and Andreas Bluthner, Has the Appellate Body Erred? An Appraisal and Criticism of the Ruling in the WTO Hormones Case Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 2:4 (December, 1999), 603-40. J. Martin Wagner, The WTO s Interpretation of the SPS Agreement Has Undermined the Right of Governments to Establish Appropriate Levels of Protection Against Risk, [Symposium: The First Five Years of the WTO], Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 31:3 (Spring 2000), 855-59. Recommended: Sydney M. Cone, III, The Appellate Body, the Protection of Sea Turtles and the Techniques of Completing the Analysis, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 33:2 (1999), 51-62. J. Lacarte-Muro and P. Gappah, Developing countries and the WTO legal and dispute settlement system: a view from the bench, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 3:3 (Sept. 2000) 395-401. World Trade Organization: Issues in Dispute Settlement, Report to the Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office, August 2000). 14
James McCall Smith, Negotiating Legalization: Judicial Politics in the WTO, Paper presented at ISA meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 2002. Class 6 Trade Rules (Antidumping and Countervailing Duties) and NAFTA Dispute Settlement Documents: Guide (cited) 80-103. GATT Articles VI, XVI WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VI WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures NAFTA Chapter 19. Report on The Special Import Measures Act, House of Commons, Canada, December 1996. Class readings: (Required) Jorge Miranda, Raul A. Torres and Mario Ruiz, The International Use of Antidumping: 1987-1997", Journal of World Trade, Vol. 32: 5 (1998), 5-71. Gilbert R. Winham, NAFTA Chapter 19 and the Development of International Administrative Law: Applications in Antidumping and Competition Law, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 32:1 (February, 1998) 65-84. Recommended: Lawrence Herman, Canadian Trade Remedy Law and Practice (Toronto: Edmond Montgomery Publications Ltd., 1997). Michael O. Moore, Antidumping Reform in the United States - A Faded Sunset, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 33:4 (1999), 1-18. Paul Waer and Edwin Vermulst, EC Anti-Subsidy Law and Practice After the Uruguay Round - A Walk in Sheep s Clothing, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 33:3 (1999), 19-44. U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement: Factors Contributing to Controversy in Appeals of Trade Remedy Cases to Binational Panels, Briefing Report to Congressional Requesters by U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., June, 1995. Class 7 Investment and NAFTA Chapter 11 Documents: Guide (cited) 77-80. 15
WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs). NAFTA Chapter 11 (Investment). Class readings: (Required) Leon E. Trakman, Arbitrating Investment Disputes Under the NAFTA, Journal of International Arbitration, Vol. 18: 4 (2001), 385-415. Gregory M. Starner, Taking a constitutional look: NAFTA Chapter 11 as an extension of member states constitutional protection of property, Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 32:2 (2002), 405-436. Recommended: Michael M. Hart and William A. Dymond, NAFTA Chapter 11: Precedents, Principles and Prospects, conference paper of January 2002. <www.carleton.ca/ctpl/chapter11/index.htm>. Private Rights, Public Problems: A Guide to NAFTA s Controversial Chapter on Investor Rights, International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2001. Julie Solway, NAFTA s Chapter 11 - The Challenge of Private Party Participation, Journal of International Arbitration, Vol. 16:2 (1989), 1-14. Edward M. Graham, Regulatory Takings, Supranational Treatment, and the Multilateral Agreement on Investment: Issues Raised by Nongovernmental Organization, Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 31:3 (1998), 599-614. Class 8 Trade in Services Documents: Guide (cited) 161-205. WTO General Agreement on Services Class readings: (Required) Andre Sapir, The General Agreement on Trade in Services: From 1994 to the Year 2000", Journal of World Trade, Vol. 33:1 (1999), 51-66. Pierre Sauve, Developing Countries and the GATS 2000 Round, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 34:2 (2000), 85-92. Gilbert R. Winham, et al., Negotiations on Trade in Services: Simulation Exercise, Manuscript (2002), 70 pp. 16
Recommended: Jeffrey M. Lang, The First Five Years of the WTO: General Agreement on Trade in Services, Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 31:3 (2000), 801-809. Mary E. Footer, The International Regulation of Trade in Services Following Completion of the Uruguay Round, The International Lawyer, Vol. 29:2 (Summer, 1995), 453-481. Bernard Hoekman, General Agreement on Trade in Services in The New World Trading System: Readings (Paris: OECD, 1995), 177-83. Class 9 Trade in Services Classroom exercise on negotiation and scheduling of service commitments. No additional reading required. Class 10 Documents: Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Guide (cited) WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Class Readings: (required) Keith E. Maskus, Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics), 2000, Chapters 1 and 2, 1-26. Tuan N. Samahon, TRIPS Copyright Dispute Settlement After the Transition and Moratorium: Nonviolation and Situation Complaints Against Developing Countries, Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 31: 3 (2000), 1051-75. Charles S. Levy, Implementing TRIPS - A Test of Political Will, Ibid, 789-95. Recommended: J.H. Reichman, Universal Minimum Standards of Intellectual Property Protection under the TRIPs Component of the WTO Agreement, The International Lawyer, Vol. 29:2 (Summer, 1995), 345-388. Paul Edward Geller, Intellectual Property in the Global Marketplace: Impact of TRIPs Dispute Settlements, The International Lawyer, Vol. 29:1 (Spring, 1995), 99-115. 17
Class 11 Trade and Environment Documents: North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation, 1983. Case 25: U.S. Ban on Shrimp Imports to Protect Turtles, from World Trade Organization: Issues in Dispute Settlement (cited at Class 5). Class readings: (Required) Sabrina Shaw and Risa Schwartz, Trade and Environment in the WTO: State of Play, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 36:1 (2002), 129-154. Debra P. Steger, Afterward: The Trade and... Conundrum- A Commentary, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 96:1 (2002), 135-45. Robert Howse, The Turtles Panel: Another Environmental Disaster in Geneva, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 32:5 (1998) 73-100. Recommended: Gabrielle Marceau, Conflicts of Norms and Conflicts of Jurisdictions: The Relationship between the WTO Agreement and MEAs and Other Treaties, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 35:6 (2001), 1081-1131. C. Ford Runge, A Global Environment Organization (GEO) and the World Trading System, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 35: 4 (2001), 399-426. Steve Charnovitz, "The World Trade Organization and Social Issues", Journal of World Trade, Vol. 28:5 (1994), 17-34. Daniel C. Esty, Greening the GATT: Trade, Environment, and the Future, (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994). Class 12 Documents: Implementation of the Uruguay Round Agreements and the Doha Development Agenda WTO, Doha WTO Ministerial meeting 2001: Briefing Notes on Implementation Issues Central to WTO Future Work Program, 4 pp. WTO, Doha WTO Ministerial Declaration (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1 of November 20, 2001), 18 pp. WTO, Doha WTO Ministerial 2001, Implementation-related Issues and Concerns (WT/MIN(01)/17 of November 20, 2001), 14 pp. WTO, Doha WTO Ministerial 2001, Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2 of November 20, 2001), 2 pp. Class readings: 18
(Required) Asoke Mukerji, Developing Countries and the WTO: Issues of Implementation, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 34:6 (2000), 33-74. Anna Lanoska and Gilbert R. Winham, Implications for Canada of the Doha Development Agenda: An Analytical Study, paper prepared for the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, March, 2002, 29 pp. Recommended: Christian Bjornskov and Kim Martin Lind, Where Do Developing Countries Go After Doha? An Analysis of WTO Positions and Potential Alliances, Journal of World Trade, 36:3 (2002) 543-62. Frederick M. Abbott, The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 5:2 (2002), 469-505. 19