Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions Western Australia 2006

crime RESEARCH centre Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions Western Australia 2006 J A Fernandez M R J Walsh M G Maller W Wrapson Annual Statistical Report Series No. 2/2009: Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions, Western Australia 2006 February 2009

CRIME RESEARCH CENTRE The University of Western Australia 14-16 Parkway, Crawley Western Australia, 6009 Telephone: +61 86488 2830 Facsimile: +61 86488 7918 Email: crime.research@uwa.edu.au Director Dr Frank Morgan Authors John Fernandez, Senior Research Officer, Crime Research Centre, The University of Western Australia Matt Walsh, Computing Assistant, Crime Research Centre, The University of Western Australia Max Maller, Principal Research Analyst, Crime Research Centre, The University of Western Australia Wendy Wrapson, Research Associate, Crime Research Centre, The University of Western Australia Citation Instructions Fernandez, J.A., Walsh, M.R.J., Maller, M.G., & Wrapson, W. (2009). Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions, Western Australia 2006. Annual Statistical Report Series No. 2/2009. Crime Research Centre, University of Western Australia.

Contents Preface... iv Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions 2006 1 Introduction... 1 2 Trends... 3 3 Offence Counts... 5 4 Arrest Events... 7 5 Distinct Persons Arrested... 10 6 Regional Distribution of Arrests... 17 7 Cautioning... 18 Supplementary Tables - Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions... 21 Appendix A Caveats on Police Data... 33 Appendix B Australian Standard Offence Classification... 34 Appendix C Draft Seriousness Index... 39 Appendix D Glossary of Terms... 44 iii

Preface This Statistical Report examines police arrests and juvenile cautions in Western Australia during 2006 and is the second in a series of online statistical reports allowing access to a wide range of criminal justice information. Other reports in the series will follow, adult court records, children s court appearances, adult imprisonment and community corrections. Henceforth, the complete series for each year will replace information previously published in our annual report Crime and Justice Statistics for Western Australia. This series is made possible by the co-operation of the Western Australia Police, Department of the Attorney General, and Department of Corrective Services. The goodwill and constructive working relationships between the Centre and these organizations has ensured the continuing production of its statistical report series for nearly two decades. Within the Centre, this series is the product of teamwork, patience and a commitment to collecting, collating and analyzing data. The meticulous tasks of data validation and extraction, producing statistics, and assembling the report were the responsibilities of John Fernandez, Anna Ferrante, Nini Loh, Max Maller, Matt Walsh and Wendy Wrapson. Frank Morgan Director Crime Research Centre iv

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 1 Introduction This chapter describes data about police arrests/summons and juvenile cautions. Information about arrests is a crucial measure of law enforcement activity and provides the basic official measure of offending behaviour. For most offenders, being arrested by the police is the gateway to further involvement in the criminal justice system 1. Police arrest information provided to the Crime Research Centre derives from the WA Police BriefCase system 2, and includes details about the arrest, charges laid and the demographic characteristics of the alleged offender 3. The data includes serious traffic-related offences, such as reckless driving and driving under the influence. Regarding traffic related offences, this data includes serious offences such as reckless driving and driving under the influence. Minor traffic offences such as speeding and parking are generally not included in the data, unless they were associated with an arrest that involved more serious offences (traffic or otherwise). The arrest data does not include cases of juvenile offenders who were formally cautioned or who were referred to a juvenile justice team (previously the Children s Panel) 4. In this Report the counting rules used to describe arrests are different to those used in reports prior to the 2004 Report. Previously, we counted an apprehension for each separate offence for which a person was charged at a point in time. This has meant that in the past, apprehension counts have over-estimated the number of actual arrests/summons of people. We now count each arrest event, which is defined as the event of a person being either physically arrested or summonsed to appear in court in relation to one or more separate offences, with any number of charges (counts) for each of those offences. So, for example, an arrest involving one charge of resisting arrest and two counts of assaulting a public officer would have been counted previously as two apprehensions, but is now counted as one arrest event. The tables at the end of the chapter also reflect this counting rule; that is, Tables 11, 14 and 17 describe all arrest events. The terms arrest, arrest/summons and arrest event are used synonymously in this Report, as are the terms offence and alleged offence. The report also describes all distinct persons arrested during the counting period. Distinct persons are counted only once in the counting period, even though they may have been arrested on more than one occasion. Counting distinct persons makes it possible to know how many people were involved in the alleged offending (i.e., prevalence), as distinct from how many alleged offences were brought to charge (i.e., incidence). For distinct persons, we count only the most serious offence if there was more than one during the period. New in this edition is a section dealing with offence counts, which describes counts of all charges in Western Australia. Offence counts are an important component of a more comprehensive description of arrests. 1. Arrests and cautions data described in this chapter are subject to caveats listed in Appendix A. 2. The BriefCase system replaced the previous P18 apprehensions system by the beginning of 2003. 3. Throughout the chapter reference will be made to the Indigenous status of the alleged offender, which has been referred to in reports prior to the 2000 Report as Aboriginality or, simply, race. Indigenous status is derived from a field for ethnic appearance. For more information, see Appendix A. 4. Note that the Children s (Suspended Proceedings) Panel ceased operation in March 1995. Since then, the diversionary role of the Panel has been incorporated into the functions of juvenile justice teams. 1

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Also described in this report are data about cautions issued to juveniles by WA Police, which were obtained from the Juvenile Cautioning database. The database contains details about the sex, age and Indigenous status of the young offender, the date and time of the caution, the offence type (broad categories only), the locality of the offence, the place of caution, the police station involved and an indication of whether parents were aware of the caution. 2

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 2 Trends During 2006 there were 59,776 arrest events involving 36,811 distinct persons charged with a total of 122,846 offence counts. Compared with 2005, the total number of arrest events increased by 1.6 percent, the total number of distinct persons arrested increased by 1.0 percent and the total number of offence counts increased by 4.6 percent. Table 1 shows the trends in each for the period 1996 to 2006. Table 1: Trends in WA police arrests, 1996-2006 5 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 T o tal o ffence co unts 98,378 104,258 98,517 97,353 104,101 106,671 106,499 101,482 109,075 117,434 122,846 T o tal arrest events 53,299 55,795 53,225 51,782 54,858 55,081 53,872 49,272 55,479 58,850 59,776 D istinct perso ns 36,166 36,883 34,788 35,095 36,222 35,256 33,505 31,490 34,473 36,447 36,811 Figure 1 shows the rates per thousand persons of offence counts, arrest events and distinct persons charged for the period 1996-2006. From 2003 to 2006 there was a noticeable increase in the rates of offence counts charged. Similarly, but not to the same extent, there were increasing trends in the rates of arrest events and distinct persons charged over the same period. Figure 1: Trends in rates of WA police arrests, 1996-2006 5 Offence counts, arrest events and distinct persons arrested, per 1,000 persons, 1996-2006 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Offence counts Arrest events Distinct persons 5. The number of offence counts in December 2003 was significantly below what would reasonably be expected and the shortfall is likely to affect comparisons between 2003 and other years. 3

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figures 2a-f shows the rates per thousand persons of offence counts, arrest events and distinct persons charged for the major offence groups for the period 1996-2006. Offences against the person, driving offences and drug offences show decreasing trends in offence counts, arrest events and distinct persons charged from 1996 to 2004. Modest changes in arrests were experienced over the period 1996 to 2006, including declines in distinct persons arrested and increases in offence counts. However, increases in arrests were experienced between 2004 and 2006 for all three counting methods, for all offence categories apart from driving and burglary and thefts. Figure 2a-f: Rates of offence counts, arrest events and distinct persons, by offence group, 1996-2006 6 (a) 10 Offences against the person, per 1000 persons, 1996-2006 (b) 16 Burglary and theft offences, per 1000 persons, 1996-2006 8 12 6 4 8 2 4 0 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Offence counts Arrest events Distinct persons arrested Offence counts Arrest events Distinct persons arrested (c) 15 12 Driving, motor vehicle and traffic offences, per 1000 persons, 1996-2006 (d) 6 Drug offences, per 1000 persons, 1996-2006 9 4 6 3 2 0 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Offence counts Arrest events Distinct persons arrested 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Offence counts Arrest events Distinct persons arrested (e) 16 Offences against good order, per 1000 persons, 1996-2006 (f) 5 Property damage offences, per 1000 persons, 1996-2006 4 12 3 8 2 4 1 0 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Offence counts Arrest events Distinct persons arrested Offence counts Arrest events Distinct persons arrested 6. The number of offence counts in December 2003 was significantly below what would reasonably be expected and the shortfall is likely to affect comparisons between 2003 and other years. 4

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 3 Offence Counts There were 122,846 offence counts charged in Western Australia during 2006. Over one half of all offence counts were for burglary and theft (26.7%) and against good order (26.2%). Offences against the person (15.2%), driving and motor vehicle offences (15.1%), and drug offences (9.9%), property damage (4.4%) and other offences (2.5%) made up the remainder. Figure 3 shows the breakdown of offences into these groups for all charges in 2006, compared with 2005. Figure 3: Offence counts by offence group, 2005 and 2006 Offence counts, by offence group, 2005 and 2006 35000 30000 28204 32860 31587 32210 25000 20000 17952 18689 21226 18521 15000 10000 5000 11376 12118 1996 3102 5092 5346 0 Against the Person Burglary/Theft Driving/Motor Veh./Traffic Drugs Good Order Other Property Damage 2005 2006 Figure 4 presents the proportion of offence counts that involved Indigenous persons, the proportion that involved juveniles and the proportion that involved females for each offence group (after missing cases have been excluded). For example, 37.5 percent of counts of offences against the person involved Indigenous people, 10.9 percent involved juveniles, and 15.2 percent involved females. Therefore, 62.5 percent of those counts involved non-indigenous people, 89.1 percent involved adults and 84.8 percent involved males. Indigenous persons were involved in a greater proportion of the counts for good order offences than they were for the other offence groups; while they were involved in a relatively low proportion of drug offence counts. Juveniles accounted for greater proportions of the counts for burglary/theft and property damage than they did for all other offence groups and females accounted for a greater proportion of the counts for burglary/theft than they did for all other offence groups. 5

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 4: Percent of offences involving Indigenous, juvenile and female persons, 2006 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0 % Against the person Burglary/ theft Percent of offences involving Indigenous, juvenile and female persons Property damage Good order Drugs Driving/ M.Veh Other offences All offences Indigenous 37.5 32.2 37.6 43.7 12.4 34.0 35.8 34.7 Juvenile 10.9 21.8 25.5 9.2 4.9 6.5 5.9 12.6 Female 15.2 29.2 12.4 18.0 20.6 17.9 13.6 20.5 Tables 10 and 13 at the end of the report show all offence counts by offence type, age, sex and Indigenous status of the arrestee. 6

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 4 Arrest Events A total of 59,776 arrests events were made by police during 2006, with the average number of offence counts per arrest being 2.1, compared with 2.0 in 2005 7. In describing offence types for arrest events, we count only the most serious offence (if there were more than one) involved in the arrest event. The pattern of most serious offences in all arrest events was similar to the offence breakdown for all offence counts (above). The most common offence group for all arrest events in 2006 was offences against good order (mainly breaches of orders, resisting arrest and other). Overall, the proportion of all arrest events that each offence group accounted for was less than they were in all offences counts, except for good order offences (31.7%) and offences against the person (22.7%), which accounted for greater proportions of all arrests than they did for all offence counts (9.9% and 15.2%, respectively). This is to be expected as some good order offences and most offences against the person are generally more serious than most other types of offences occurring within a multi-offence arrest event and, hence, become the offence recorded here for the arrest event. The proportion of arrest events in 2006 that involved Indigenous persons, the proportion that involved juveniles and the proportion that involved females are presented in Figure 5 for each offence group (after missing cases have been excluded). Over one third (39.7%) of arrestees in arrest events for offences against the person were Indigenous, 10.3 percent were juvenile and 16.9 percent were female. Thus, 60.3 percent of those arrestees were non-indigenous people, 89.7 percent were adults and 83.1 percent were males. 7. This section reflects the new counting rule introduced in Crime and Justice Statistics in Western Australia, 2004, as discussed in the introduction. 7

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 5: Percentages of all arrest events involving Indigenous persons, females and juveniles, by offence group, 2006 (a) Percent of arrest events involving Indigenous, juvenile and female persons 50 40 30 20 10 0 Against the person Burg/theft/MVT Property damage Good order Drugs Driving Other offences All offences Indigenous 39.7 38.9 38.8 46.1 13.8 29.9 41.7 38.5 Juvenile 10.3 24.5 20.4 8.1 5.1 3.6 9.3 11.5 Female 16.9 25.6 16.3 20.0 21.8 19.6 16.2 20.5 (a) 2226 cases of unknown Indigenous status, 20 cases of unknown age and 559 cases of unknown age are excluded. Since 1996 there have been increases in the proportions of arrest events involving Indigenous people (from 27.2% in 1996 to 38.5% in 2006), but moderate changes in those involving females (from 18.7% in 1996 to 20.5% in 2006) and those involving juveniles (from 12.8% in 1996 to 11.5% in 2006). Almost one in five arrest events of Indigenous persons (18.4%) were juvenile, compared with about one in fifteen (7.1%) for non-indigenous persons. Figure 6 shows the distributions of Indigenous status, age status and sex of arrestees in arrest events where the most serious offence was motor vehicle theft. Indigenous persons accounted for 46.0 percent of such arrests, juveniles accounted for 41.0 percent and 15.4 percent involved females, excluding cases with missing values. Figure 6: All arrest events for motor vehicle theft, by Indigenous status, age status and sex, 2006 (a) 700 600 626 500 400 300 337 396 311 447 200 117 100 0 s u o n e ig d In s u - o n n o e N ig d In ile n e v J u lt u d A le a m e F le a M (a) 40 cases of unknown Indigenous status or sex are excluded. Figure 7 describes the gender of arrestees in arrest events where the most serious offence was a motor vehicle or driving offence not including vehicle theft. Of all such offences, over one third (35.3%) involved exceeding the alcohol limit, over one quarter (26.4%) involved driver s licence offences (that is, driving without a licence or driving while licence was cancelled or suspended) and driving under the influence accounted for over one quarter (26.2%). Females accounted for 17.8 percent of all vehicle and driving arrests, but only 6.9 percent of dangerous or negligent driving arrests. 8

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 7: All arrest events for motor vehicle and driving offences, by sex, 2006 (a) 100% 80% 60% 31 2156 1037 2139 2855 61 40% 20% 0% 6 496 77 525 694 15 Driving causing death Driving under influence Dangerous or negligent driving Driving licence Exceeding alcohol limit Other traffic/vehicle offences Female Male (a) 96 cases of unknown sex are included in the percentage calculations, but not shown. For all arrest events in 2006 for which the most serious offence was burglary or other theft-related offences, almost one third (32.9%) involved theft (not motor vehicles), over one quarter (27.6%) involved burglary offences (residential or commercial premises), 11.2 percent involved fraud, 6.3 percent involved vehicle theft and 5.6 percent involved receiving/handling stolen goods. Figure 8 describes these arrest events, by the Indigenous status of the offender. After excluding cases of unknown Indigenous status, Indigenous people accounted for 55.0 percent of arrests for burglary offences, 46.0 percent of arrests for vehicle theft, 36.7 percent of arrests for other thefts and 33.8 percent of arrests for receiving. However, Indigenous people were arrested much less frequently than non-indigenous people for fraud offences - only 16.6 percent of such arrests involved Indigenous people. Figure 8: All arrests for burglary/theft offences, by Indigenous status, 2006 (a) 100% 80% 1481 396 2456 440 1207 60% 1077 2 268 2 40% 20% 1810 337 1421 225 659 215 0% 10 Burglary Vehicle theft Other theft Receiving Fraud Counterfeiting Dishonest conversion Bribery Other deception and related Indigenous Non-Indigenous (a) 393 cases of unknown Indigenous status are excluded. Tables 11 and 14 at the end of the chapter show all arrest events by offence type, age, sex and Indigenous status of the arrestee. See Table 17 for a breakdown of arrest processing by sex, Indigenous status and offence group. 9

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 5 Distinct Persons Arrested During 2006, the 36,811 distinct persons charged by police averaged 1.6 arrests per person, which is the same as in 2005. The number of distinct Indigenous persons arrested increased by 2.4 percent to 10,390 and the number of distinct non-indigenous persons arrested decreased by 4.6 percent to 24,447 during 2006. The number of distinct juveniles arrested increased by 7.3 percent to 3,282 and the number of adults arrested increased slightly to 33,518 during 2006. In 2006, the prevalence rate of distinct male arrestees was 3,197.0 per 100,000 male residents (aged ten years or over) and correspondingly was 849.0 for females. The ratio of these two prevalence rates equates to the degree of over-representation within the population; thus, within all distinct persons arrested, the over-representation of males, compared with females, was 3.8. Table 2 illustrates trends in the number of persons arrested over the period 1996 to 2006, broken down by Indigenous status, sex and age status (juvenile/adult). The percentage of distinct persons who were Indigenous increased steadily within this period and in 2006 29.8 percent of all distinct persons arrested were Indigenous. Table 2: Distinct persons arrested for Indigenous status, sex, and age status, 1996-2006 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 D istinct perso ns arrested 36,166 36,883 34,788 35,095 36,222 35,256 33,505 31,490 34,473 36,447 36,811 Indigeno us Status Indigenous 7,192 7,821 8,238 8,164 8,111 8,301 8,608 8,754 9,909 10,147 10,390 Non-Indigenous 28,467 28,516 26,083 25,376 25,141 25,952 24,187 22,003 23,817 25,635 24,447 % Indigenous 20.2 21.5 24.0 24.3 24.4 24.2 26.2 28.5 29.4 28.4 29.8 Sex M ales 29,144 29,353 27,651 27,679 28,371 27,818 26,214 24,528 26,927 28,765 28,852 Females 6,909 7,436 7,045 7,331 7,523 7,344 7,237 6,903 7,471 7,476 7,560 % M ale 80.8 79.8 79.7 79.1 79.0 79.1 78.4 78.0 78.3 79.4 79.2 A ge Status Juveniles 3,006 3,156 3,132 3,484 3,341 3,173 2,944 2,954 2,989 3,059 3,282 Adults 33,173 33,748 31,681 31,494 32,552 32,001 30,508 28,492 31,433 33,354 33,518 % Juveniles 8.3 8.6 9.0 10.0 9.3 9.0 8.8 9.4 8.7 8.4 8.9 Estimates of the annual prevalence of arrests by Indigenous status for Western Australia are shown in Figure 9. It shows the percentage of Indigenous persons in Western Australia who were arrested and the percentage of non-indigenous persons who were arrested for the period 1996 to 2006. Notwithstanding minor variations, the arrest rates show an slight decreasing trend for non-indigenous persons over the period and a marginal increase for Indigenous persons. Figure 10 depicts the over-representation of Indigenous arrestees, compared with non-indigenous arrestees over the period. The Indigenous over-representation shows a marked increasing trend from a factor of 5.4 in 1996 to 7.5 in 2006. 10

Factor of Indigenous over-representation Rate per 100 persons Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 9: Distinct persons arrested, per 100 persons, by Indigenous status, 1996-2006 8 Distinct persons arrested, per 100 persons, by Indigenous status 15 12 9 6 3 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Indigenous Non-Indigenous Figure 10: Indigenous over-representation among all persons arrested, 1996-2006 Indigenous over-representation within all distinct persons arrested 8 6 4 2 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Figures 11a-d show the trends in the numbers of distinct persons arrested for each of the four sub-groups of age status and sex, by Indigenous status, for the period 1996 to 2006. They show some consistency with respect to differences between the numbers of Indigenous and non-indigenous arrestees; that is, the numbers of Indigenous arrestees between 1996 and 2006 show increasing trends for each of the four subgroups of age status and sex, while the numbers of non-indigenous arrestees show overall decreasing trends, with some intra-series variations, for each sub-group, respectively. In particular, from 2001 the numbers of Indigenous arrestees show greater increases. 8. The percentage of the population arrested is calculated as a rate per 100 residents of the relevant population. Estimates for Indigenous populations 1996 to 2006 are taken from Table 10 in Australian Demographic Statistics (ADS), Sep. 2007 (ABS Cat. No. 3101.0). Estimates for Total populations: for 1996, is taken from ADS, Mar. 2002; for 1997 to 2001, are taken from ADS, Sep. 2002; and for 2002 to 2006, are taken from ADS, Sep. 2007. Estimates for non-indigenous populations 1996 to 2006 are calculated from the above-mentioned estimates. Note that estimates for the 1996 to 2006 Indigenous populations and the 2002 to 2006 Total populations have been revised here since the publication of Crime and Justice Statistics in Western Australia, 2005. 11

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 11a-d: Trends in distinct persons arrested, by sex, age status and Indigenous status, 1996-2006 (a) 25000 Adult Male Ind Adult Male Non-Ind (b) 5000 Adult Fem Ind Adult Fem Non-Ind 20000 4000 15000 3000 10000 2000 5000 1000 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 (c) 2000 Juv Male Ind Juv Male Non-Ind (d) 400 Juv Fem Ind Juv Fem Non-Ind 1500 300 1000 200 500 100 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 For juveniles, the numbers of non-indigenous arrestees were fairly stable from 1996 to 1999, but then decreased markedly until 2002, before entering another period of stability. Over the same period, the number of arrests of Indigenous juveniles showed a general increasing trend. Interestingly, the number of juvenile Indigenous female arrestees (Figure 11d) decreased from 2004 to 2006, yet the number of non-indigenous arrestees increased, which contrasts with the graphs of the three other sub-groups. For adults, the numbers of male and female non-indigenous arrestees have generally decreased. However, the numbers of male and female Indigenous arrestees have increased steadily. These increases are due mostly to increases in offences against the person and justice and good order offences, especially since 1999. The proportion of all arrestees who were Indigenous increased from 1996 to 2006. For all males, the proportion that were Indigenous increased from 18.0 percent in 1996 to 26.0 percent in 2006; and for all females the Indigenous proportion increased from 29.4 percent in 1996 to 44.5 percent in 2006. The Indigenous proportions for all female arrestees were consistently and significantly higher than for all male arrestees. Excluding 1,974 cases (5.4%) where Indigenous status was not known, over one quarter of all distinct persons arrested (29.8%) were Indigenous. However, while over one quarter (27.9%) of adults arrested were Indigenous, one half (50.5%) of juveniles arrested were Indigenous (excluding cases of unknown Indigenous status). 12

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 4.1 Age of Distinct Persons Arrested Over half (55.8%) of all distinct persons arrested in 2006 were aged between 15 and 30 years, a small percentage were under 15 years (2.3%) and about one tenth (10.2%) were over 45 years. The average age of all persons arrested was 29.3 years, but was somewhat younger (28.5 years) for Indigenous people. The average age for females (30.0 years) was slightly older than for males (29.2 years). See Tables 12 and 15 for a breakdown of offence type by age, Indigenous status and sex. Rates of arrest were 1,418.2 per 100,000 for juveniles (persons aged 10 to 17) and 2,187.1 per 100,000 adults. As Table 3 shows, the risks of arrest were at their highest (at 6,682.6 per 100,000) amongst those persons aged 18 or 19 years. Table 3: Age-specific rates of arrest per 100,000 persons, 2006 A ge Gro up (a) P erso ns arrested (b) M ales arrested F emales arrested n rate n rate n rate 10-14 862 601.0 641 862.7 174 251.7 15-17 2,419 2,751.6 1,867 4,089.9 476 1,126.3 18-19 3,939 6,682.6 3,165 10,435.9 712 2,488.1 20-24 8,326 5,586.0 6,788 8,787.1 1,463 2,037.6 25-29 5,856 4,238.9 4,645 6,573.4 1,167 1,729.3 30-34 4,955 3,385.8 3,755 5,070.4 1,173 1,622.7 35-39 3,958 2,552.7 2,976 3,784.2 963 1,260.3 40-44 2,747 1,754.7 2,036 2,583.5 692 890.1 45-49 1,685 1,104.7 1,306 1,705.8 368 484.5 50-54 979 696.6 775 1,094.1 195 279.7 55-59 571 446.1 467 712.2 100 160.2 60-64 286 302.5 238 489.4 46 100.2 65-69 120 162.4 101 272.1 16 43.5 70+ 96 57.3 82 111.2 14 14.9 21 18 Adult (18 or older) 33,518 2,187.1 26,334 3,366.6 6,909 920.8 Juvenile (10 to 17) 3,281 1,418.2 2,508 2,090.8 650 583.5 0 A ll (10 o r o lder) 36,799 2,053.0 28,842 3,197.0 7,559 849.0 (a) (b) 11 cases of unknown age have been excluded from this table. Figures for 'Persons arrested' included cases of unknown sex. 4.2 Most Serious Offence of Distinct Persons Arrested 9 Almost one third (31.1%) of distinct persons arrested in 2006 were charged with offences against the person as their most serious offence in the counting period, and almost one quarter (24.0%) were charged with good order offences, which includes weapons, explosives, public order and justice procedures offences. The most serious offences for the remainder of distinct persons charged were comprised of burglary and stealing offences, including motor vehicle theft, fraud and receiving (18.4%), road traffic and motor vehicle regulatory offences, mostly, exceeding the blood alcohol limit, (11.2%), drug offences (9.4%), property damage (3.9%) and other offences (1.9%). Figure 12 shows the breakdown of most serious offences for distinct persons arrested. 9. The offence categories in this section are based on the divisions in the Australian Standard Offence Classification (see ABS Cat. 1234.0), whereas prior to the 2005 Report they were based on the Australian National Classification of Offences. Thus, the number of offences shown in each category is not strictly comparable with those from earlier Reports, even though the category names are similar. In particular, offences against the person now includes driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs and dangerous or negligent driving, whereas previously they were included under the vehicle/driving category. 13

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 12: Distinct persons arrested, by major offence group, 2006 12000 11464 10000 8853 8000 6775 6000 4000 3470 4134 2000 0 1423 692 Against person Burglary / Theft Damage Good order Drugs Vehicle / Driving Other Figure 13 provides a breakdown of burglary, theft and deception offences by the age status of the person arrested. For burglary offences, juveniles accounted for 37.3 percent, for motor vehicle thefts juveniles accounted for 36.2 percent and for other theft juveniles accounted for 11.6 percent. In all other offence categories below, adults accounted for 90 percent or more. Figure 13: Distinct persons arrested for burglary/theft/deception offences (most serious offence), by age status, 2006 (a) 2000 1842 1600 Juvenile Adult 1200 1093 920 933 800 649 400 0 215 122 242 276 281 24 29 0 1 11 0 34 101 Burglary Vehicle theft Other theft Receiving Fraud C/feiting Dishonest conversion Bribery Other deception (a) 2 cases of unknown age are excluded. Figure 14 shows the breakdown of offences against the person by the Indigenous status of the person arrested. In all offence categories Indigenous persons accounted for a disproportionately high number of the distinct persons arrested: homicide (38.2%), assault (41.5%), sexual offences (23.0%), endangering persons (27.8%), abduction and deprivation of liberty (23.3%) and robbery (38.8%). A breakdown of arrest rates by sex and Indigenous status shows that, in 2006, Indigenous people were arrested at almost seventeen times the rate of non-indigenous people for offences against the person. Indigenous females were arrested at more than thirty one times the rate of non-indigenous females for such offences. 14

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 14: Distinct persons arrested for offences against the person (most serious offence), by Indigenous status, 2006 (a) 4000 3972 Indigenous Non-Indigenous 3000 2817 2086 2000 1000 0 26 42 162 543 804 10 33 186 293 Homicide Assault Sexual offences Endangering persons Abduction/ dep'n liberty Robbery/ extortion (a) 490 cases of unknown Indigenous status are excluded. 4.3 Arrest Processing Of the 36,811 distinct persons apprehended in 2006, 68.5 percent were arrested and 31.1 percent were issued with a summons or juvenile notice. Figure 15 shows the breakdown of processing types for Indigenous and non-indigenous persons. For more details of arrest processing for different offence groups by Indigenous status, see Table 16. Figure 15: Processing of distinct persons arrested, by Indigenous status, 2006 20000 16000 15662 Indigenous Non-Indigenous Unknown 12000 8000 8549 8777 4000 0 1001 1 0 0 1839 Arrest Bench Warrant Summons/ Juvenile Notice 849 1 124 8 Unknown Table 4 gives percentages of processing types, by Indigenous status and age status. It shows that the proportion of adults who were arrested, rather than given a summons or juvenile notice, was greater than that of juveniles. It also shows that the proportion of Indigenous persons to be arrested, rather than given a summons or juvenile notice, was greater than that of non-indigenous persons. 10. 1 person was issued with a bench warrant and 0.4% did not record processing type. 15

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Table 4: Processing of distinct persons arrested, by Indigenous status, 2006 A rrest Juvenile A dult pro cessing Indigeno us N o n- Indigeno us N o n- Indigeno us Indigeno us % % % % Arrest 76.8 58.1 83.2 64.4 Bench Warrant - - - - Summons/Juvenile Notice 23.2 41.9 16.7 35.5 Unknown - - - - T o tal 100% 100% 100% 100% Arrest processing information for arrest events, in comparison with distinct persons, showed that a slightly greater proportion of offences resulted from physical arrest (72.9%, compared with 68.5%) and a lower proportion resulted in a summons or juvenile notice (26.9%, compared with 31.1%). 16

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 6 Regional Distribution of Arrests Over half (56.9%) of all arrest events occurred in the Perth metropolitan area. The main sources for non-metropolitan arrests were the South Eastern region (8.5%), the Kimberley region (8.2%) and the South West region (8.1%). The proportions of all arrests in the remaining regions were: Central region (7.0%), Pilbara (5.3%), Lower Great Southern (2.8%), Midlands (2.3%) and Upper Great Southern (0.9%) 11. Table 5 summarises the proportions of arrest events of Indigenous people, juveniles and females by region. For example, in the Perth metropolitan area, 23.4 percent of all arrest events involved Indigenous people, 10.0 percent involved juveniles and 19.5 percent involved females. In contrast, in the Kimberley region, 88.6 percent of all arrest events involved Indigenous people, 9.3 percent involved juveniles and 21.8 percent involved females. Table 5: Percentages of all arrest events involving Indigenous people, juveniles and females, by region, 2006 (a) R egio n Indigeno us Juvenile F emale n % n % n % Perth 7,519 23.4 3,369 10.0 6,467 19.5 South West 651 14.3 497 10.4 842 17.8 Lower Gt Southern 544 33.5 205 12.3 382 22.9 Upper Gt Southern 245 47.0 90 16.9 110 20.8 M idlands 469 35.4 169 12.4 260 19.2 South Eastern 3,220 65.5 736 14.7 1,279 25.7 Central 2,801 69.0 770 18.6 994 24.2 Pilbara 2,196 72.3 515 16.6 617 20.0 Kimberley 4,201 88.6 448 9.3 1,042 21.8 T o tal 21,846 38.5 6,799 11.5 11,993 20.5 (a) Unknown Indigenous status, age and sex cases are excluded. Differences in the regional distributions of Indigenous and non-indigenous people account for much of the regional variation in arrests; however, differences in life styles and policing practices will also have some effect. Table 6 shows the regional distribution of distinct Indigenous persons arrested. The highest arrest rates for Juvenile and Adult indigenous persons were recorded in the Central and South Eastern region respectively. The lowest total rates were in the South West and Perth regions. Table 6: Distinct Indigenous persons arrested (per 1000 persons), by region, 2006 (a)(b) Region Juvenile A dult T o tal n R ate n R ate n R ate Perth 567 131.6 2,528 215.3 3,095 192.9 South West 55 68.5 291 152.1 346 127.4 Lower Gt Southern 39 119.3 232 248.7 271 215.1 Upper Gt Southern 23 144.7 98 210.8 121 193.9 M idlands 45 97.0 210 186.5 255 160.4 South Eastern 176 191.1 1,195 419.9 1,371 364.0 Central 214 191.2 1,028 315.8 1,242 284.0 Pilbara 178 182.2 991 291.6 1,169 267.2 Kimberley 219 106.6 2,142 297.2 2,361 254.9 (a) 156 cases of unknown region and a further 3 cases of unknown age are excluded. (b) Rates are based on Indigenous populations in the regions from the 2006 Census. 11. Arrest localities were aggregated into nine geographical regions one Perth metropolitan area and eight non-metropolitan regions (South West, Lower Great Southern, Upper Great Southern, Midlands, South Eastern, Central, Pilbara and Kimberley). These regions correspond approximately to the Western Australian ABS statistical divisions of the same name. 17

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 7 Cautioning A formal juvenile cautioning system was introduced in Western Australia in August 1991 as a joint initiative of the WA Police and the (then) Department for Community Services. The scheme operates with the intention of diverting young people committing minor offences from the criminal justice system. The system did not actually become part of the formal legal processes for dealing with young offenders until March 1995, following the introduction of the Young Offenders Act. Juveniles who are cautioned are not actually charged by the police and therefore do not appear in official arrest or court records. In 2006, there were 6,727 cautions issued by WA police, which is a decrease of 7.5 percent from 2005. A total of 5,754 distinct persons received the 6,727 cautions - an average of 1.2 cautions per person. Indigenous people accounted for 26.9 percent of persons cautioned and females comprised 31.2 percent (excluding 895 cases of unknown sex). An age breakdown of persons cautioned is provided in Table 19. Of all persons cautioned in 2006, 24.2 percent had been cautioned in previous years. As Table 7 and Figure 16 show, the number of cautions issued annually increased steadily over the period to 1994 but most dramatically in early 1995 immediately following the introduction of the Young Offenders Act. Since 2000, there has been a steady decrease in the number of cautions issued, though more noticeably for non-indigenous persons. The proportion of all cautions that were issued to Indigenous youth decreased in 2006 (to 28.6%) and the proportion issued to females increased (to 29.8 %). Table 7: Annual breakdown of cautions issued, 1991-2006 (a)(b) Year T o tal Indigeno us N o n-indigeno us M ale F emale n % n % n % n % 1991 (c) 1,756 253 14.4 1,500 85.6 1,243 71.8 488 28.2 1992 3,804 549 14.4 3,255 85.6 2,616 69.5 1,150 30.5 1993 4,657 666 14.3 3,991 85.7 3,197 69.3 1,419 30.7 1994 4,770 661 13.9 4,109 86.1 3,197 67.5 1,536 32.5 1995 8,268 1,316 15.9 6,952 84.1 6,138 74.8 2,069 25.2 1996 9,506 1,699 18.1 7,671 81.9 7,250 76.8 2,188 23.2 1997 8,989 1,835 20.8 6,972 79.2 6,797 76.2 2,118 23.8 1998 10,401 2,071 20.4 8,095 79.6 7,838 75.8 2,499 24.2 1999 10,609 2,390 22.5 8,219 77.5 7,784 73.7 2,771 26.3 2000 11,267 2,472 21.9 8,795 78.1 8,272 73.9 2,929 26.1 2001 10,754 2,370 22.0 8,384 78.0 7,697 72.0 3,000 28.0 2002 9,933 2,505 25.2 7,428 74.8 7,083 71.7 2,801 28.3 2003 8,259 2,304 27.9 5,955 72.1 5,720 69.6 2,503 30.4 2004 7,512 2,084 27.7 5,428 72.3 5,286 70.5 2,207 29.5 2005 7,276 2,129 29.3 5,147 70.7 4,717 70.8 1,947 29.2 2006 6,727 1,926 28.6 4,801 71.4 4,019 70.2 1,704 29.8 (a) (b) (c) Percentages do not include any cases of unknown Indigenous status or unknown sex, but the yearly totals do. In 2005 there was a sudden increase in the number of cases with unknown sex, from less than one percent to 8.4 percent. In 2006 there were 1004 cautions (14.9%) with unknown sex. Not a full year, August-December only. 18

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Figure 16: Monthly breakdown of cautions, by Indigenous status, 1991-2006 1000 Cautions issued, by Indigenous status, 1996-2006 800 600 400 200 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Indigenous Non-Indigenous Figure 17 shows the age distribution of Indigenous and non-indigenous persons issued with cautions in 2006. It shows that the variation in the number of cautions issued is less for Indigenous persons than it is for non- Indigenous persons. The peak age at which Indigenous youth received cautions (13 to 14 years) was younger than the peak age at which non-indigenous youth received cautions (15 to 16 years). Figure 17: Total number of cautions issued by Indigenous status and age, 2006 1000 800 Indigenous Non-Indigenous d e u s I s n t io u a C 600 400 200 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Age in Years Table 8 shows a breakdown of cautions issued, by offence type and Indigenous status. Almost half (49.6%) of all cautions issued in 2006 were for property offences. The remainder of cautions were issued mostly for good order (10.2%), offences against the person (8.9%), drug offences (8.4%), traffic offences (6.2%), and other miscellaneous offences (13.4%). The most common offence types for which Indigenous youths were cautioned were property offences (58.0%), offences against the person (11.5%), good order offences (11.3%), and other offences (10.8%); and the most common offence types for non-indigenous juveniles were property offences (46.3%), other offences (14.4%), drug offences (10.5%) and good order offences (9.7%). Offences against the person, property offences and good order offences accounted for larger proportions of the cautions issued to Indigenous youths than they did for those issued to non-indigenous youths. 19

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Table 8: Cautions by offence type and Indigenous status, 2006 (a) Indigeno us N o n-indigeno us T o tal Offence type n % n % n % Against person 229 11.5 397 7.9 626 8.9 Property 1,153 58.0 2,329 46.3 3,482 49.6 Liquor 31 1.6 169 3.4 200 2.8 Drug 66 3.3 526 10.5 592 8.4 Traffic 65 3.3 370 7.4 435 6.2 Good order 224 11.3 489 9.7 713 10.2 Truancy 6 0.3 27 0.5 33 0.5 Other 214 10.8 726 14.4 940 13.4 T o tal 1,988 100 5,033 100 7,021 100 (a) Totals exceed the overall number of cautions since one caution can be issued for more than one offence. Table 9 shows the distribution of cautions issued within the groups of metropolitan and non-metropolitan police regions. It shows that slightly more than half (53.7%) of all cautions were issued in the Perth metropolitan area. Not unexpectedly, non-metropolitan regions accounted for more of the cautions issued to Indigenous youths (55.3%). The Perth metropolitan area accounted for 36.9 percent of the cautions issued to Indigenous youths, while 33.3 percent were issued in the northern regions. Table 9: Location of cautions by Indigenous status, 2006 (a) Indigeno us N o n-indigeno us T o tal n % n % n % Perth metro. 711 36.9 2903 60.5 3,614 53.7 South-west 282 14.6 1107 23.1 1,389 20.6 East 142 7.4 115 2.4 257 3.8 North 642 33.3 245 5.1 887 13.2 Unknown 149 7.7 431 9.0 580 8.6 T o tal 1,926 100 4,801 100 6,727 100 (a) Perth metro.: Armadale, Fremantle, Inglewood, Midland, Perth, Victoria Park and Warwick police regions. South-west: Albany, Australind, Bunbury, Mandurah, Narrogin and Northam police regions. East: Kalgoorlie police region. North: Broome, Geraldton and Karratha police regions. 20

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Supplementary Tables - Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions Table 10 All offence counts, by offence, juvenile/adult status, sex and Indigenous status... 22 Table 11 All arrest events, by offence, juvenile/adult status, sex and Indigenous status... 23 Table 12 Distinct persons arrested, by offence, juvenile/adult status, sex and Indigenous status. 24 Table 13 All offence counts, by offence, age group, sex and Indigenous status... 25 Table 14 All arrest events, by offence, age group, sex and Indigenous status... 27 Table 15 Distinct persons arrested, by offence, age group, sex and Indigenous status... 29 Table 16 Prosecution type for distinct persons arrested, by offence, sex and Indigenous status... 31 Table 17 Prosecution type for arrest events, by offence, sex and Indigenous status... 31 Table 18 All cautions issued, by offence type, sex and Indigenous status... 32 Table 19 Distinct persons cautioned, by sex, age and Indigenous status... 32 Table 20 Distinct persons cautioned, by number of cautions, sex and Indigenous status... 32 21

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Table 10: All offence counts, by offence, juvenile/adult status, sex and Indigenous status (a) Male Female Indigenous Non- Unknown Indigenous Non- Unknown Indigenous Indigenous Offences J (b) A (b) J A J A J A J A J A Total Murder 1 6-5 - - - 6 2 4 - - 24 Conspiracies & Attempts to Murder - 3-3 - - - - - - - - 6 Manslaughter & Driving Causing Death - 10-32 - 4-3 1 2-1 53 Assault 455 2,984 417 4,454 43 170 157 889 109 673 22 71 10,444 Other Acts Intended to Cause Injury 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Sexual Assault 69 260 144 1,565 8 78-4 2 73 1 1 2,205 Non-Assaultive Sexual Offences 2 16 2 195-5 - 3 1 1 - - 225 Dangerous or Negligent Operation of a Vehicle 99 1,094 108 2,406 16 146 12 289 9 308 1 36 4,524 Other Dangerous or Negligent Acts Endangering Persons 1 10 4 66 - - - 7-11 - - 99 Deprivation of Liberty/False Imprisonment 8 68 4 125-6 1 2-10 1-225 Robbery 121 94 121 311 14 2 31 30 10 25 5 2 766 Blackmail & Extortion - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 Unlawful Entry with Intent/Burglary, Break & Enter 1,870 1,256 636 1,871 38 47 164 196 53 184 2 4 6,321 Motor Vehicle Theft & Related Offences 507 328 201 568 15 4 67 50 28 51 6 5 1,830 Theft (Except Motor Vehicles) 1,397 1121 643 3,865 31 58 366 866 159 1,520 13 95 10,134 Receiving or Handling Proceeds of Crime 140 194 78 1,515 4 35 59 179 6 466 2 16 2,694 Fraud, Forgery or False Financial Instruments 13 170 50 2,851 1 139 11 298 12 2,014-43 5,602 Counterfeiting Currency & Related Offences - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - 2 Dishonest Conversion - 14 48 1,505-20 - 22 13 1,457 16 320 3,415 Bribery - - - 5-36 - - - - - 24 65 Other Deception Offences 127 440 62 1,074 8 40 50 229 27 414 4 4 2,479 Deal or Traffic in Illicit Drugs 4 102 36 1,226 2 58 2 99 11 415 5 17 1,977 Manufacture or Cultivate Illicit Drugs 1 24 11 425 1 12-10 - 77-4 565 Possess and/or Use Illicit Drugs 112 529 159 4,300 14 107 29 187 27 1,008 2 28 6,502 Other Illicit Drug Offences 38 222 92 2,015 11 50 12 81 13 445 1 10 2,990 Prohibited Weapons/Explosives Offences 39 105 26 765 2 38 5 14 2 58 - - 1,054 Regulated Weapons/Explosives Offences 119 377 94 1321 4 59 9 107 8 90 2 3 2,193 Property Damage 618 935 522 2,378 72 67 79 296 35 226 6 14 5,248 Environmental Pollution - 3 5 40-1 - 1-2 - 1 53 Disorderly Conduct 600 2,951 361 5,013 40 380 162 1,657 44 412 10 62 11,692 Regulated Public Order Offences 7 146 11 270-17 4 78 3 53-4 593 Driving Licence Offences 284 2,355 231 4,921 26 130 72 860 32 816 13 46 9,786 Road Vehicle Registration & Roadworthiness Offences 30 407 61 986 2 45 7 130 1 168-5 1,842 Regulatory Driving Offences 144 1,255 164 3,762 32 209 32 477 19 529 14 63 6,700 Pedestrian Offences 1 1-3 - - - 1-2 - - 8 Breach of Justice Order 599 3,840 152 5,234 5 63 165 1,212 20 700 2 11 12,003 Other Offences Against Justice Procedures 122 883 171 2,278 8 120 62 354 38 356 5 48 4,445 Offences Against Government Security - - - 1-2 - - - - - - 3 Offences Against Government Operations - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Harassment & Related Offences 21 206 41 491 3 10 6 26 6 127 3 2 942 Public Health & Safety Offences 36 396 29 1,130 2 17 15 98 3 31 1 2 1,760 Commercial/Industry/Financial Regulation - 1-30 - 4 - - - - - 6 41 Other Miscellaneous Offences 9 162 1 17-56 1 90-1 - 2 339 Total 7,595 22,968 4,685 59,024 402 2,236 1,580 8,851 694 12,730 137 950 121,852 (a) (b) 41 cases of unknown age and a further 953 cases of unknown sex are excluded J = Juvenile, A = Adult 22

Police Arrests and Juvenile Cautions - 2006 Table 11: All arrest events, by offence, juvenile/adult status, sex and Indigenous status (a) Male Female Indigenous Non- Unknown Indigenous Non- Unknown Indigenous Indigenous Offences J (b) A (b) J A J A J A J A J A Total Murder 1 5-5 - - - 6 2 3 - - 22 Conspiracies & Attempts to Murder - 2-3 - - - - - - - - 5 Manslaughter & Driving Causing Death - 9-25 - 4-3 1 2-1 45 Assault 341 2,327 302 3,500 34 142 123 733 84 552 15 54 8,207 Other Acts Intended to Cause Injury - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sexual Assault 43 112 44 432 4 28-2 2 9 1 1 678 Non-Assaultive Sexual Offences 2 4 2 86-1 - 2 1 1 - - 99 Dangerous or Negligent Operation of a Vehicle 35 916 77 2,021 12 131 9 255 5 268 1 35 3,765 Other Dangerous or Negligent Acts Endangering Persons - 9 3 46 - - - 5-9 - - 72 Abduction & Kidnapping - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deprivation of Liberty/False Imprisonment - 13-33 - 4 1 - - 4 - - 55 Robbery 85 66 79 211 9 2 28 29 10 23 4 2 548 Blackmail & Extortion - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 Unlawful Entry with Intent/Burglary, Break & Enter 953 638 312 1,028 27 16 76 120 19 113-3 3,305 Motor Vehicle Theft & Related Offences 152 115 90 254 11 4 26 38 18 28 3 4 743 Theft (Except Motor Vehicles) 280 500 192 1,433 7 37 156 471 51 757 7 59 3,950 Receiving or Handling Proceeds of Crime 60 90 34 306 2 8 29 43 3 94-1 670 Fraud, Forgery or False Financial Instruments 9 80 17 692 1 45 4 120 11 345-17 1,341 Counterfeiting Currency & Related Offences - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - 2 Dishonest Conversion - 4 5 144-13 - 6 5 111 1 25 314 Bribery - - - 2-14 - - - - - 18 34 Other Deception Offences 87 343 49 704 8 28 36 180 14 157 4 4 1,614 Deal or Traffic in Illicit Drugs 4 62 29 719 2 28 2 62 10 208 2 9 1,137 Manufacture or Cultivate Illicit Drugs 1 20 9 347 1 9-7 - 64-3 461 Possess and/or Use Illicit Drugs 46 263 84 1,972 10 62 15 103 11 505-16 3,087 Other Illicit Drug Offences 6 58 14 247 1 4 2 31 2 61-1 427 Prohibited Weapons/Explosives Offences 29 72 21 444 1 20 3 13 1 43 - - 647 Regulated Weapons/Explosives Offences 82 239 68 734 1 40 4 72 4 62 2 3 1,311 Property Damage 206 501 230 1,122 23 40 36 217 17 132 2 11 2,537 Environmental Pollution - 2 3 13-1 - 1-1 - - 21 Disorderly Conduct 278 2,147 169 3,625 20 326 103 1,260 24 251 4 50 8,257 Regulated Public Order Offences 4 86 3 142-11 1 60-31 - 3 341 Driving Licence Offences 21 492 28 1,553 3 42 5 216 2 281 1 20 2,664 Road Vehicle Registration & Roadworthiness Offences - 3 1 16-2 - 3-3 - - 28 Regulatory Driving Offences 36 712 63 1,939 18 125 20 300 14 315 9 45 3,596 Pedestrian Offences - - - - - - - - - - - - - Breach of Justice Order 358 2,233 88 2,739 4 24 122 892 13 475 2 7 6,957 Other Offences Against Justice Procedures 24 230 46 680 1 43 9 103 12 117-13 1,278 Offences Against Government Security - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Offences Against Government Operations - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Harassment & Related Offences 7 90 27 267 2 7 4 16 3 27-2 452 Public Health & Safety Offences 18 58 14 181 1 11 7 13 3 14 1 2 323 Commercial/Industry/Financial Regulation - 1-9 - 3 - - - - - 4 17 Other Miscellaneous Offences 4 114-10 - 32 1 67 - - - 2 230 Total 3,172 12,616 2,103 27,686 203 1,309 822 5,449 342 5,067 59 415 59,243 (a) (b) 19 cases of unknown age and a further 514 cases of unknown sex are excluded J = Juvenile, A = Adult 23