A 7X2 Asia-Pacific in the New World Order Edited by Anthony McGrew and Christopher Brook London and New York in association with TheOpen University
CONTENTS PREFACE x INTRODUCTION 1 Anthony McGrew and Christopher Brook 1 Analysis, structure and argument 2 2 Three themes 8 3 Conclusion 9 PART 1 EVOLUTION 11 Chapter 1 Pacific ties: the United States of America and an emerging 'Pacific community'? 12 Frank Gibney 1.1 Introduction 12 1.2 First encounters 14 1.3 The USA: a Pacific power 18 1.4 The impact of the world wars 21 1.5 Pax Americana 26 1.6 The Asia-Pacific economic miracle 29 1.7 A Pacific community? 31 Chapter 2 From imperialism to the end of the Cold War 35 Colin Mackerras 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 The world of Western colonialism and the impact of Japanese imperialism 36 2.3 The anti-japanese war 38 2.4 The emergence of the Cold War and the nuclear age 40 2.5 The rise of Japan as an economic power 48 2.6 The Vietnam War and the Sino-American detente 50 2.7 The free-enterprise model gains the upper hand 52 2.8 Summary and conclusion 54
VI ASIA-PACIFIC IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER Chapter 3 The rise of the Asia-Pacific 57 faved Maswood 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 The economic resurgence of the Asia-Pacific 58 3.3 Asia-Pacific in the post-cold War era 62 3.4 Conclusion 65 PART 2 THE NEW REGIONAL ORDER 67 Chapter 4 The Asia-Pacific: what sort of region in what sort of world? 68 Barry Buzan 4.1 Introduction 68 4.2 The concept of region 68 4.3 First view: the Asia-Pacific as an international region 74 4.4 Second view: the Asia-Pacific as an element of the new global structure 79 4.5 Summary and conclusion 85 Chapter 5 The Asia-Pacific security order 88 Joon Num Mak 5.1 Introduction 88 5.2 Neo-realism, neoliberal-institutionalism and strategic culture 90 5.3 The end of the Cold War and the new (uncertain) regional order 92 5.4 Regional security: a new balance of power? 101 5.5 Zones of potential conflict 109 5.6 ASEAN and South-East Asia: multilateralism and cooperative security 113 5.7 Conclusion 118 Chapter 6 Restructuring foreign and defence policy: Japan 121 Kenneth Pyle 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Distinctive traits of Japanese foreign policy 122 6.3 The institutional legacy of Japan's Cold War strategy 124 6.4 The Gulf War: Japan's first post-cold War crisis 125 6.5 Japan's turn toward Asia 127 6.6 The struggle to define a political strategy for Asia 129 6.7 The changing political paradigm at home 131 6.8 The new context of the US-Japan alliance 133
CONTENTS VII Chapter 7 Restructuring foreign and defence policy: the People's Republic of China 137 Denny Roy 7.1 Introduction 137 7.2 China's 'national interest(s)' 137 7.3 Changes in China's external environment 139 7.4 Foreign policy as an extension of domestic politics 140 7.5 Beijing restructures its foreign and defence policies 142 7.6 China's post-cold War regional engagement 146 7.7 The future: is China a threat to regional security? 151 7.8 Conclusion 155 Chapter 8 Restructuring foreign and defence policy: the USA 158 Anthony McGrew 8.1 Introduction 158 8.2 America's Pacific ties 160 8.3 Forging a new covenant with power 167 8.4 America's Pacific impulse: contemporary policy towards the Asia-Pacific 173 8.5 A Pacific power or a power in the Pacific?: US Asia-Pacific policy into the twenty-first century 185 Chapter 9 Restructuring foreign and defence policy: strategic uncertainty and the Asia-Pacific middle powers 189 Nikki Baker 9.1 Introduction 189 9.2 What is a 'middle power'? 190 9.3 Indonesia 193 9.4 Australia 199 9.5 Singapore 203 9.6 Conclusion 207 Chapter 10 Restructuring foreign and defence policy: the Pacific Islands 209 Richard Hen 10.1 Introduction 209 10.2 Diversity in unity? 211 10.3 The question of microstate sovereignty 213 10.4 The South Pacific regional system 215 10.5 The South Pacific's Cold War order 217 10.6 The South Pacific in the post-cold War international system 219
VIII ASIA-PACIFIC IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER 10.7 External effects on the Islands' security and foreign policy 222 10.8 New challenges: the domestic dimension 224 10.9 Conclusion 227 PART 3 A PACIFIC COMMUNITY? 229 Chapter 11 Regionalism and globalism 230 Christopher Brook 11.1 Asia-Pacific integration in a wider setting 230 11.2 Two images of emerging world order 231 11.3 What evidence of Asia-Pacific regional integration? 233 11.4 What signs of global politics? 238 11.5 Conclusion 244 Chapter 12 The growth of intergovernmental collaboration in the Asia-Pacific region 247 John Ravenhill 12.1 Introduction 247 12.2 The absence of a 'Pacific' tradition 247 12.3 The new regionalism in the Asia-Pacific 250 12.4 An Asia-Pacific way? 260 12.5 Conclusion: towards an Asia-Pacific community? 266 Chapter 13 Regional co-operation: the transnational dimension 271 Lawrence T. Woods 13.1 Introduction: regional co-operation and transnationalism in the Asia-Pacific 271 13.2 Transnationalism defined 271 13.3 Dominant assumptions in Asia-Pacific analyses 273 13.4 An alternative perspective 277 13.5 Conclusion: where the (re)action is 284 Chapter 14 The European Union and the Asia-Pacific 289 Michael Smith 14.1 Context and questions 289 14.2 The growth and focus of a relationship 291 14.3 The development of EU strategy 299 14.4 EU and the Asia-Pacific in a global context 307 14.5 Evaluating EU-Asia-Pacific relations 311 14.6 Conclusion 313
CONTENTS IX Chapter 15 The Asia-Pacific: what kind of challenge? 316 Gerald Segal 15.1 Introduction 316 15.2 The sun rises in the east: does the sun also set? 317 15.3 Challenge or many challenges? 320 15.4 Building regional and global security 322 15.5 Challenges to the global order 326 15.6 Looking beyond... 328 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 331 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 333 INDEX 335