American Anthem. Modern American History. Chapter 5. An Industrial Nation Columbus statute in Rhode Island

American Anthem Modern American History Chapter 5 Columbus statute in Rhode Island An Industrial Nation 1860-1920 Copyright 2009, Mr. Ellington Ruben S. Ayala High School

Chapter 5: An Industrial Nation, 1860-1920 1. The American West A: Conflicts with Native Americans B: Mining and Ranching C: Farmers on the Great Plains 2. The Second Industrial Revolution A: Industry and Railroads B: The Rise of Big Business C: Workers Organize D: Advances in Transportation and Communication Columbus statute in Rhode Island 3. Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century A: New Immigrants B: Urban Life in America C: Political Scandal and Reform D: Segregation and Discrimination

Part 1: The American West Section 1A: Conflicts with Native Americans Government policy changed from removal to reservations Tensions between settlers and Indians led to a series of wars and massacres during the 1860s-1890s Wounded Knee Massacre (below) was caused by fear over the Ghost Dance, left 300 natives dead, and broke Indian resistance Dawes Act (1887) promoted assimilation and individualism

Part 1: The American West Section 1B: Mining and Ranching Each new mining strike brought many prospectors out west Most miners never got rich, lived in camps, and moved often Thousands of cowboys drove cattle up from Texas to RRs in Midwest Eventually mining & cattle ranching were dominated by big business

Part 1: The American West Section 1C: Farmers on the Great Plains Congress passed the Homestead, Pacific Railway, and Morrill acts to promote westward settlement by giving land away Whites, blacks, Europeans and Chinese all moved West Migration, technology, and big business transformed the West In 1890 the Census Bureau declared the frontier was closed

Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Section 2A: Industry and Railroads Bessemer process made steel affordable and ubiquitous allowing for the growth of railroads, skyscrapers, and industry Railroads expanded greatly, reached CA in 1869, and led to the creation of standardized time zones Oil boom in Texas led to creation of oil industry

Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Section 2B:The Rise of Big Business Social Darwinists applied natural selection to society Corporations, trusts, and tycoons dominated industries with little government regulation or oversight Retail industry was changed by the growth of advertising, department stores, and mail order catalogs

Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Section 2C: Workers Organize By 1890, 10% of population held 75% of nation s wealth Many immigrants, rural migrants, and children toiled in factories Labor unions such as Knights of Labor and AFL fought for workers Great Railroad Strike, Haymarket Riot, and Pullman strike were all violent affairs eventually ended by government involvement

Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Sec. 2D: Transportation & Communication Advances Streetcars and subways improved mass transit while automobiles and airplanes allowed Americans to travel far distances The telegraph, telephone, and typewriter improved communication Thomas Edison patented 1000+ inventions including the light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture projector

Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Section 3A: New Immigrants 18 million new immigrants came to the US from Eastern and Southern Europe between 1880-1910 In 1910, 1 out of every 7 Americans was foreign born Nativist prejudice hindered many immigrants, especially Asians

Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Section 3B:Urban Life in America Crowded cities led to the growth of skyscrapers and urban planning The wealthy, middle class, and working class had very different lifestyles and opportunities Jane Addams founded Hull House, the first US settlement house, to help the poor and non-english speaking immigrants in Chicago

Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Section 3C: Political Scandal and Reform Political machines, like Tammany Hall in NYC, often ran city politics In 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act to reform civil service Economic hardship led many farmers to organize (e.g. Grange, Farmers Alliance, Populist Party) and demand government help Panic of 1893 and election of 1896 doomed farmers political goals

Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Section 3D: Segregation and Discrimination Southern states passed Jim Crow laws to segregate blacks In Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court legalized racial segregation Between 1882-1892 over 900 blacks were lynched in the South Hispanic, Asian, and Native Americans also faced discrimination