Social Studies World Geography Unit 05: Latin America 2012 2013
1 The Columbian Exchange occurred among Africa, Latin America, North America, and Europe. What is a lasting effect on Latin America from this exchange? A Europe colonized the area. B Slavery continued on plantations. C New products came from Africa that continue to be used today. D African cultural influence is evident today. 2 Which of the following is a significant environmental challenge to developing nations in South America? F toxic emissions G sedimentation H deforestation J droughts 3 The use of terrace farming by the Incas is an example of which of the following? A modifying the environment B destruction of the environment C irrigating dry areas using the drip technique D use of advanced technology equipment 4 Use the list and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Found between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south of the equator Sailors originally noticed the stillness of the rising air which was not blowing in any direction Officially known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone The list above describes which of the following? F doldrums G polar winds H westerlies J tropical storms 5 Which early 1900s construction project of the United States has served as a center of urbanization, transportation, and economic activities in Central America? A Port au Prince in Haiti B Panama Canal in Panama City C Bridge of the Americas in El Salvador D Pan American Highway 6 When trade winds converge in the region of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in Latin America, what is usually produced? F G hurricane strength winds blowing westerly some of the heaviest rainfall on Earth H the El Niño effect in the Northern Hemisphere J a period of long drought Page 2
7 Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. A group of people has cultural perceptions when they believe that their cultural values are more important than others. This is usually because they view cultural characteristics through a specific. Which of the following best completes the excerpt above? A ethnorelative, stereotype 9 Which set of four regions most appropriately group the nations of Latin America politically? A Mexico, Central America, South America west of the Andes, and South America east of the Andes B Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and South America C Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonial areas D North America, Central America, South America, and Brazil B stereotypical, ethnic view C dominant, perception D ethnocentric, cultural lens 8 Use the lists and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Regions 1. formal region 2. functional region 3. perceptual region Descriptions a. a central area connected to others by transportation, communication, or economic activity b. a subjective image created by people's thoughts and feelings about an area c. an area that shares common human or physical characteristics Which set correctly matches the types of regions and their descriptions? F G 1a, 2b, 3c 1b, 2c, 3a H 1a, 2c, 3b J 1c, 2a, 3b Page 3
Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Page 4
10 Which of the following is the most accurate description of how the Andes Mountains were formed? F G The Nazca Plate and the South American Plate are converging. This causes an uplift of the land on the western side of the South American Plate due to the subduction of the Nazca Plate. The South American Plate and the Nazca Plate are diverging. This causes the formation of mountain ridges on the western side of the South American Plate due to the convection under the Earth s surface. H The Nazca Plate and the South American Plate are converging. This causes a subduction of the land on the western side of the South American Plate due to the converging of the Pacific Plate. J The South American Plate and the Nazca Plate are transforming. This causes the formation of mountain ridges on the western side of the South American Plate due to the tectonic movement of the Earth s surface. Page 5
Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following three questions. Map of Argentina 11 Which physical feature is a natural border between Argentina and Chile? A mountains B deserts C rivers D plains 12 Where are Argentina's largest cities mostly located? F along the Atlantic coast G in the southern half of the country H in the northern part of the country J along the western border 13 Which of the following is the most likely reason for the location of Argentina's major cities? A early colonial settlement was in the north and the extremely hot climate in the south B climate, extreme cold in the southern tip, and location of rivers and waterways in the north C all of the country's natural resources are located in the northern region of the country D the southern part of the country lies along a very active fault line making it dangerous to live there Page 6
Use the passages, maps, and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following four questions. Early on, the Spanish governors began importing enslaved Africans for labor. In 1517, Charles V authorized the draft of slaves. The Taínos became virtually, but not completely, extinct on the island of Hispaniola. Some who evaded capture fled to the mountains and established independent settlements. Survivors mixed with escaped African slaves (runaways called maroons) and produced a multiracial generation called zambos. The escaped Africans encountered the Taíno settlements. Feeling sympathetic for what they endured, the Taíno usually gave their daughters as "wives." French settlers later called people of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry marabou. The mestizo were children born to relationships between native women and European usually Spanish men. During French rule, children of mixed race, usually born of unions between African women and European men, were called mulâtres. As a gateway to the Caribbean, Hispaniola became a haven for pirates. The western part of the island was settled by French buccaneers. Among them was Bertrand d'ogeron, who succeeded in growing tobacco. His success prompted many of the numerous buccaneers and freebooters to turn into settlers. This population did not submit to Spanish royal authority until the year 1660 and caused a number of conflicts. By 1640, the buccaneers of Tortuga were calling themselves the Brethren of the Coast. French pirate Jean Lafitte, who operated in New Orleans and Galveston, was born in Port au Prince around 1782. In an expression of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the United States occupied the island in 1915, and US Marines were stationed in the country until 1934. Page 7
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14 How has the cultural history of Haiti helped to shape its present cultural elements? F Its language comes from its French and African roots. G Its customs were created by 20 th century immigration. H Its location prevents cultural borrowing or diffusion with other countries. J Its culture is similar to that of the United States. 15 Which of the following is an accurate inference that can be made regarding the recent earthquake? A Port de Paix was in the area with the most severe tremors, its location allowed for aid by sea. B Port au Prince was in the area with the most severe tremors, and its location allowed for aid to come by ship. C The earthquake was likely a result of movement in the North American Plate, which also devastated areas of the Dominican Republic. D The outer areas of the island benefited the most from helicopter support, which traversed the country from north to south. 16 The global community gave immediate support to the people of Haiti when the earthquake occurred. Which of the following is an example of a negative result of globalization during this event? F The millions of pounds of food sent to Haiti after the earthquake undercut local farmers, who could not compete and were driven out of jobs and into poverty. G Aid workers brought medicine and food supplies from the United States to the people of Haiti. H The Internet and international media brought attention to the Haiti earthquake as soon as it occurred. J Thousands of Haitians lost their lives in the devastation. 17 Haiti s recent earthquake has provided a for migration away from the nation. Lack of housing and economic devastation have joined to create a worsening situation for one of the world s poorest countries. Many of the people who migrated wanted to move to the United States. This was due to the belief that jobs, health care, and education were available. Which words complete the sentence above? A transportation corridor pull factor B push factor pull factor C pull factor...dream D government program push factor Page 9
18 Mesoamerica is a cultural region that extends from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. What cultural factors do these areas have in common contributing to the identification of this area as a cultural region? F a general area where a number of pre Columbian societies flourished 21 In Latin America, which of the following has been least likely impacted by satellite technology? A communication improvements B Global Positioning Systems use C Geographic Information Systems use D improvements in desalination technology G remnants of Spanish colonization in the 16th and 17th centuries H common language J all of these 19 All of the following are ways that humans have modified the environment of Latin America EXCEPT A building of the Panama Railroad B burning of the rainforest for farmland C building winding roads through the Andes D studying the environment through expeditions 20 All of the following affect subsistence farming EXCEPT F G climate services H soil J topography Page 10
Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. The following is a citizen response to the policies of the new president of Honduras. The Hondurans are proud to be and with legitimate reason. I think at this critical hour of our history, it is necessary, indispensable, that each of us reflect on our responsibility toward Honduras. Mine, not ours, but the responsibility and obligation that I, personally, I have to the country. For this land God has given me or allowed me to take, and which is mine. Honduras mine, me and you and every one of my fellow citizens: it is an inescapable consequence of nationality. Therefore, I, you and each of us that Hondurans constitute collective, are responsible for the care of Honduras and its integrity. Responsible for continuous improvement. Responsible for their progress and development. My obligation to Honduras is the same that I can have for my mother, my wife, for my children. If I put myself and you, this wonderful country will move forward renewed and thriving. Because it is full, full of opportunities. I can!, You can!, We can! We! It only takes one act of will and show my love for this Honduras mine with deeds and not words. Federico Alvarez, Blog(Modified), Camino Democrático 22 The excerpt above is an example of which of the following? F how to use patriotism to overthrow the government G the belief that Honduras is a great country H how changes can be made in government if people join together J the attempt to influence public policy with nationalistic ideas 23 Which of the following is a traditional method many people of Latin America have preserved and documented their culture and history? A building modern transportation routes throughout South America to share their cultural heritage B joining NAFTA and opening trade routes with North America to enable people in the United States to see their culture C creating paintings and murals on buildings about everything from Mayan heritage to Communist sympathies in Chile D practicing the Catholic religion brought to the area through Spanish colonialism Page 11
Use the map, list, and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Resources of Latin America Page 12
24 Most heavy mining of natural resources in Peru began in the 1960s and 1970s. The heaviest population areas of Peru are in the north. Much of Peru is rural farm land or mountainous. Most of Peru's major industries are in the north. Which inference can be supported by the evidence above? F G Peru has spent the last 40 years developing transportation corridors between the northern and southern parts of the country. Peru is a poor country that has a wealthy population in the north, with poor rural farmers in the rest of the country. H Natural resource mining in Peru has shifted the population centers to the south. J Peru has become the wealthiest country in South America because of the development of all of their natural resources in the past 40 years. 25 Use the graph and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Which inference is best supported by the data in the graph? A The Philippines and Colombia are located in similar regions of the world. B The Philippines and Colombia have very similar communication systems. C The economy and infrastructure of the Philippines are probably more advanced than Colombia's. D The Colombian economy is probably suffering from border conflicts with its neighbors. Page 13
26 Which of the following correctly lists a positive economic and a negative geographic impact of deforestation in the Amazon basin? F G Logging and its byproducts create thousands of jobs, and indigenous people who live in these areas can take these jobs. There is a possibility that thousands of cures can be found in the forest, and erosion from logging is destroying the soil. H Cities and transportation systems are growing throughout the region, and more medical and health care is available. J More land is made available for agriculture and ranching, and there is a loss of land in natural habitats. Page 14
27 Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions. Standard of Living of Seven Countries Country Per Capita GNP Infant Mortality Percent of Urban Life Expectancy (US dollars) Rate (per 1,000) Population 1 150 175 14 45 2 300 160 25 50 3 14,000 13 78 75 4 10,000 21 65 71 5 700 155 35 49 6 13,000 10 86 76 7 1,110 75 65 67 What can you correctly infer about Country 7? A It is more developed than Country 2. B It is less developed than Country 5. C It is developing more slowly than Country 2. D It is developing more slowly than Country 1. 28 Which of the following generalizations is true based on the chart. F G People in Countries 3 and 6 likely do not have the resources for health care. Areas with lower urban populations generally have a higher life expectancy. H While Country 1 is the least developed, Country 5 is not much more developed. J Countries 1 and 2 likely have high population densities. Page 15
Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Venezuela's new energy policy, implemented by President Chávez in 2005, includes six major projects : Magna Reserve Orinoco Project Delta Caribbean Project Refining Project Infrastructure Project Integration Project In 2007, the Chávez government announced the nationalization of the oil industry. The foreign oil companies were forced to sign agreements giving majority control of hydrocarbon projects to the state owned oil company PdVSA. Projects owned by companies like ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil, who failed to sign these agreements, were taken over by PdVSA. Chávez has often threatened to cut off oil supplies to countries that disagree with his policies. Venezuela's oil production has fallen by a quarter since President Chávez took office, and falling oil prices have affected the government budget severely. However, since 2009, oil prices have surged, and more nations around the world are turning to Venezuela's large oil reserves to boost tight energy supplies, even though, Venezuela threatens to reduce oil production at a time of its highest prices. 29 Which of the following generalizations can be made regarding the oil industry in Venezuela? A The nationalization of the industry has led to this industry being used to shape international political events. B The six projects in the Chavez plan have made Venezuela the leading oil producer of the 21st century. C The location of Venezuela means that the country can charge more for oil than other countries. D American countries make more money in the Venezuelan oil industry than in the United States or Middle East. 30 Why are the actions of the Chavez government considered by some in the United States as controversial? Page 16
31 In two well written paragraphs, explain the point of view of two Central Americans who have a different opinion about whether it is a good idea for their county to join NAFTA. 32 Create an outline with at least two details for each element of culture in Latin America: language, religion, customs, institutions, and use of technology. Page 17
33 In a paragraph, define the weather phenomenon known as El Niño and discuss how El Niño impacts humans in a selected area of Latin America. Page 18 STOP
Test Key Social Studies World Geography Unit 05: Latin America 2012-2013 ## Item # Correct Answer Primary SE Secondary SE Obj/Cat 1 S0WG016218CS D WGS.1(B) Geography 1 2 SWG1108489D H WGS.8(C) 3 SWG1086406D A WGS.8(A) 4 S0WG018466CS F WGS.4(A) WGS.21(A) [P] 5 SOWG18532CS B WGS.6(B) 6 SOWG18533CS G WGS.4(A) 7 S0WG018486CS D WGS.16(C) Geography 3 8 SWG3133901 J WGS.9(B) 9 S0WG018475CS B WGS.9(A) 10 S0WG018485CS F WGS.4(B) WGS.21(C) [P] 11 S0WG016222CS A WGS.13(A) [P] WGS.21(C) [P] 12 SWG1083276RX H WGS.6(A) WGS.21(C) [P] 13 SOWG18539CS B WGS.6(A) WGS.21(C) [P] 14 S0WG018470CS F WGS.5(A) WGS.22(B) 15 S0WG018503CS B WGS.8(B) WGS.21(C) [P] 16 S0WG018472CS F WGS.7(D) WGS.21(A) [P] 17 S0WG018471CS B WGS.7(B) WGS.22(B) 18 S0WG018474CS J WGS.9(A) 19 S0WG018473CS D WGS.8(A) 20 S0WG016221CS G WGS.11(B) Geography 4 21 S0WG016224CS D WGS.20(A) Geography 4
22 LOC18534 J WGS.15(B) WGS.22(B) Geography 1 23 S0WG018480CS C WGS.16(A) Geography 3 24 SWG1086347D F WGS.12(A) WGS.22(B) Geography 4 25 SWG3149245 C WGS.20(B) WGS.22(A) Geography 4 26 LOC18537 J WGS.12(B) Geography 4 27 SWG1069254RX A WGS.5(B) WGS.22(B) 28 S0WG018505CS H WGS.5(B) WGS.22(B) 29 S0WG018478CS A WGS.12(B) WGS.22(B) Geography 4 30 S0WG018479CS Answer: Chavez exercises greater government controls than the American government usually excercises. Chavez's control of the oil industry gives one ruler power over trade in the region where the resources are critical to other countries including the United States. WGS.15(A) WGS.22(D) Geography 1 31 LOC18536 0 to 4 WGS.15(A) WGS.22(B) Geography 1 32 S0WG018481CS Answers will vary WGS.16(B) WGS.22(B) Geography 3 33 SOWG18538CS 0 to 2 WGS.8(B) WGS.22(B)
Scoring Rubrics 31 Answers should include a discussion of the benefits to the county of reduced tarriffs, more trade, and employment opportunities in some sectors. The answer should also include a discussion of possible negative effects such as the problems associated with the large migration of rural workers to cities looking for jobs and the growing use of cheap labor by foreign investors. 4 Response includes two well-written paragraphs that thoroughly explain the points of view of two Central Americans. 3 Response includes two paragraphs that briefly explain the points of view of two Central Americans. 2 Response includes two loosely organized paragraphs that discuss a single point of view of a Central American. 1 Response includes only one paragraph that briefly explains a point of view of a Central American. 0 No attempt is made by the student. 33 Answers will vary, yet should include effects on agriculture, flooding, landslides, etc. Sample 2-Point Response: El Niño is a weather pattern that occurs when the normally cool water near the South American coast warms. This change in water temperature affects weather around the world. The Pacific Coast experiences heavy rain and thunderstorms. As the warm air from these storms moves east, it changes the jet stream and, therefore, affects weather patterns. It is very difficult to predict the timing of El Niño and its specific results. These things can influence the growth of crops, flooding, landslides, etc. 2 Response is an accurate and thorough definition of El Niño and a discussion of how El Niño influences humans in Latin America, with complete and relevant supporting details. 1 Response is a partly accurate and incomplete definition of El Niño and a discussion of how El Niño influences humans in Latin America, with few relevant supporting details. 0 Response is a totally inappropriate or inaccurate definition of El Niño and a discussion of how El Niño influences humans in Latin America.