Progressive Era
Farmers & Populism
SWBAT Explain difficulties farmers faced in the West & the rise of the Populist Party Do Now: AGREE or DISAGREE, explain. So long as all the increased wealth which modern progress brings goes but to build up great fortunes, to increase luxury and make sharper the contrast between the House of Have and the House of Want, progress is not real and cannot be permanent.
American West Settlement of the Last Frontier was achieved through mining, cattle ranching, & farming
American West Homestead Act (1862)- provided free land (previously controlled by fed. gov) for settlers in the West; 160 acres each (had to farm land for 5 yrs)!
Agricultural Revolution Assisted in the exploitation of land in the West - Railroads carried goods to eastern markets - Barbed wire - Steel plows - Mechanical farm tools = less workers harvested larger crops bonanza farms - Mining: gold, silver, copper, lead, ore - Omaha, Denver, San Francisco = urban centers
Agricultural Revolution Inventions and Adaptations for Settling the Great Plains
American West Frederick Jackson Turner: - The Significance of the Frontier in American History - claimed life in the West gave rise to inventiveness, independence, equality, & unique American customs - Why do you think he made these claims?
Problems for Farmers in the West 1. Difficult land to farm (lack of trees & water) 2. Droughts & hot summers, tornados 3. Blizzards & cold winters 4. Prairie fires 5. Insects infested crops
Problems for Farmers in the West 6. Loneliness 7. Conflicts with Native Americans 8. Debt b/c of expensive farm equipment 9. Charged high prices by railroad for storage & transport of products
The Grange Grange- org. founded in 1867, meant to develop social ties among farmers - Farmers became politically active on state & local level - Formed cooperative groups Due to poor economic conditions, farmers pressed for political changes to limit power of railroads
*Supreme Court Actions* States pass laws regulating railroads Wabash, St. Louis, & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois States cannot regulate rates on interstate routes only federal gov t can regulate interstate trade Paved the way for the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887
The Populists Grange Party Declines Populists (people s party) rise Motto: raise less corn and more hell
The Populists The Populist Partyestablished in 1891 Also known as the People s Party Dedicated to reform and radical change in the social, economic, & political situation in the US
Goals of the Populists 1. Government control of railroads, telephones, & telegraphs 2. Progressive income tax 3. Secret ballot
Goals of the Populists 4. Direct election of Senators 5. 8 hour work day 6. Free & unlimited silver coinage (wanted more $ in circulation so farmers could pay their debt more easily)
Goals of the Populists 7. Restricted immigration 8. Women s suffrage
Populist Success 1892 1 million popular vote; 22 electoral votes 1894 6 senators, 7 representatives *1896 William Jennings Bryan (Populist) narrowly loses to William McKinley (Republican) *(Bryan ran 3 times and never won!) *(McKinley won with support of Big Business)
End of the Populists Populists disappeared as a political party by 1900 - as urban population increased (immigration) increase in demand for food prices for food increase farmers become prosperous
End of Populists Populist ideas were later adopted by other political parties
Significance of Populist Party Populists were unsuccessful in achieving goals, BUT their ideas/goals were applied to urban problems later, during the Progressive Era Economy shifted from agriculture (farms) to industrial (cities)
Wrap Up 1. Who was represented by the Populist Party? 2. Why was the Populist Party shortlived?
Populists and the Wizard of Oz L. Frank Baum (1856 1919) authored The Wizard of Oz, in 1900
Who the Characters Represent
Dorothy= the American People
Scarecrow= Western Farmers (Populists)
Tin Man= Eastern Industrial Workers
Cowardly Lion= William Jennings Bryan
Wizard of Oz= William McKinley?
Oz= Washington/Government =
Kansas= Populist Stronghold
Populists and the Wizard of Oz Oz- abbreviation for an ounce of silver or gold Dorothy s Silver Slippers (not Ruby!) = Silver Sandard Yellow Brick Road = Gold Standard
Progressives and Reform
SWBAT Explain characteristics and goals of the Progressive Movement Do Now: In your opinion, what changes needed to be made in society in the late 1800s & early 1900s?
Progressives Progressive Movement: 1900-1918 Progressives: - A middle class, urban movement - Saw themselves as reformers against abuses of urban life, corporate business, & government corruption - Ideas came from populist movement
Goals of Progressives 1. Greater Democracy - Direct primary- nomination of candidates for office by party members (the people!) - Initiative- voters petition to have an issue put on the ballot (local gov. only)
Goals of Progressives - Referendum- an issue that you vote yes or no on - Recall- remove an elected official by petition or vote - Direct election of Senators by the people (1917) - Women s right to vote (1920)
Goals of Progressives 2. More government regulation of business (TR/Wilson) 3. Social Justice (issues of women & children) - Got rid of child labor - Passed laws allowing women to work shorter hours than men, & not at night
Goals of Progressives 4. Get local & national government more involved in ending problems
Muckraker Investigative journalists who informed the public about corruption, bad business practices, & unfair treatment of workers
20 Questions Working with a partner and using the text provided, answer the reading questions together We will review as a class when everyone is finished
Progressive Era Introduction to the Progressive Movement - 30 min
SWBAT Analyze Progressive Era documents and photographs
Directions You will move from station to station as a group While at each station (~8 minutes), you must complete the questions in your packet for that station Everyone MUST have all questions complete by the end of your last station Have fun!
Period 5 Group 1: Nayeli, Nicole Girillo, Henry, Sabriy Group 2: Emerson, Frida, Jannet, Anahi, Evan Group 3: Evelyn, Michael, Tara, Suzanne Group 4: Julia, Marc, Phil, Xu, Michelle Group 5: Nicole Gonzalez, Elena, Katie, Jose
Period 6 Group 1: Jean-Pierre, Nelly, Vanessa, Nicole Group 2: Danny, Luci, Alejandro, Rosie Group 3: Alexis, Torry, Liam, Ashanti Group 4: Kevin, Darin, Ruby, Leslie, Christian Group 5: Shyanne, Alana, Erik, Emily, Irvin
Period 7 Group 1: Raul, Roynell, Alejandra, Bianca, Jesus Group 2: Steffani, Leslie, Shawn, Cindy, David Group 3: Naomi, Amanda, Frank, Maria, Tom Group 4: Joshua, Michelle, Ozzie, Aailyah, Oliver Group 5: Angelina, Cassie, Valerie, Lizbeth, Chris
SWBAT Examine PBS Documentary: New York and analyze how it addresses the need for reform
PBS: New York Sunshine & Shadow- Jacob Riis - start at 11:50 Sunshine & Shadow- Jacob Riis II - stop at 7:35 Power & The People- Triangle Shirtwaist Fire - start at 9:10 Power & The People- Triangle Shirtwaist Fire II - stop at 13:15
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Now the Brown Building in NYC, is part of NYU s campus
Mulberry Bend in the Five Points neighborhood (Jacob Riis c. 1896) The tenements on left were razed to create Mulberry Bend Park (now Columbus Park). The two tenements visible on right, 46 Mulberry Street, in foreground and 48-50 Mulberry Street on "Bend" are still there
Teddy Roosevelt & Progressive Policies
SWBAT Explain 3 areas of reform under President Roosevelt Do Now: Identify one muckraker and the issue they addressed
Reformers & Legislation Reformer Effect Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives (1890) Upton Sinclair- The Jungle (1906) Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of Cities (1904) Ida Tarbell- The History of the Standard Oil Company (1903) Settlement Houses(ex. Hull House), protection of child labor Meat Inspection Act Food and Drug Act Voting reform 17 th Amendment Anti-trust legislation
Settlement Housing Located in working class slums, volunteers offered immigrants education, child care, & help in finding jobs, in hopes of sharing knowledge & culture, & alleviating poverty ADD: Jane Addams- Hull House, Chicago
Progressive Era Improvements As a class, review Progressive Era Improvements What Amendments were passed during this Era and what did they address?
President Teddy Roosevelt Held office from 1901-1908 Saw his job as one of stewardship - leading the nation responsibly in the public s interest, like a guide or director Took a very active role as President
President Teddy Roosevelt Administration was called the Square Deal - fairness, honesty for all & freedom from corruption
3 Areas of Reform TR s Square Deal consisted of 3 areas of reform 1.Regulating Business- his attitude toward business = gov. should keep an eye on monopolies & eliminate bad business practices *TR is known as a trust buster!*
Regulating Business A. Northern Securities Case- a railroad monopoly in the Pacific Northwest was ordered by the Supreme Court to be dissolved
Regulating Business B. Hepburn Act, 1906- allowed Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to set railroad rates & expanded ICC s authority to cover ferries & bridges as well
Regulating Business C. Pure Food and Drug Act- accurate labeling of ingredients in food & drugs Meat Inspection Act- Fed. Gov. would ensure meat was safe for consumption
Labor 2. Labor A. Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)- mine owners refused to negotiate with strikers TR threated to send the Army to take over the mine unless an agreement was reached RESULT- mine workers won shorter hours & higher wages
Conservation 3. Conservation Newlands Reclamation Act: - built dams, irrigation systems in the west - added land in Alaska & Northwest to federally protected lands - started state & national parks (ex Yellowstone)
Wrap Up 1. Complete Roosevelt s Guiding Spirit (DBQ) Questions- see handout 2. How did TR demonstrate his sense of stewardship while in office?
Woodrow Wilson & Progressive Policies
SWBAT Contrast Wilson and TR s view of trusts Do Now: How did TR conserve land?
Progressive Era Presidents T. Roosevelt 1901-1908 W. Taft 1908-1912 W. Wilson 1912-1920
Election of 1908
Election of 1912 Candidates: 1. Taft (Republican) 2. Wilson (Democrat) 3. T. Roosevelt (Progressive/Bull Moose) 4. Debs (Socialist) WILSON WINS!
Election of 1912
Wilson s Philosophy GOAL: Return to competition in the workplace need to get rid of monopolies & enforce anti-trust laws Presidential Program: New Freedom
Wilson s Reform Actions 1. Underwood Tariff Act- lowered tariffs for first time since Civil War, & paved the way for 16 th Amendment (graduated income tax) 2. Federal Reserve Act- set up Federal Reserve System, a national banking system to stabilize banking:
Wilson s Reform Actions A. 12 banking districts each with Federal Reserve Bank B. Issues $ to banks (Federal Reserve Notes) *Not a people s bank! C. Shifts & redistributes $ to other banks D. Controls amount of $ in circulation by increasing & decreasing interest rates
Wilson s Reform Actions
Wilson s Reform Actions 3. Federal Trade Commission- est. to prevent unfair competition, enforce anti-trust laws, investigate false advertising, & mislabeling of products
Wilson s Reform Actions 4. Clayton Anti-Trust Act- strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act - more specific - described specific activities big business could not take part in - legalized strikes, peaceful picketing, & boycotts
End of Progressivism Progressivism ends with WWI (1917) Last remnants of the Progressive Movement are in 1919 with the ratification of the 18 th Amendment & in 1920, with the 19 th Amendment
Wrap Up What methods does the Fed use to accomplish stabilizing the banking industry? Complete the document analysis questions on the reverse, in addition to the quotes and DBQs on your handout