Chapter 16 Reconstruction 1. Which of the following statements is true of Lincoln s Ten Percent Plan? A. It stipulated that at least ten percent of former slaves must be accorded the right to vote within a given Southern state before that state could be readmitted to the Union. B. It allowed the rights of citizenship only to those Southerners who could take an oath that they had never been disloyal to the Union. C It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to regain the right to vote and hold office by simply promising future good behavior. D It was silent on the issue of slavery E. It provided for the restoration of loyal governments for the erstwhile Confederate states now under Union control. 2. The central part of President Lincoln s plan for post-war Reconstruction was that A 10% of those who voted in 1860 must take a loyalty oath B Confederate leaders should be punished C Confederate states be given the right to decide the status of slavery D all Southerners must swear an oath of loyalty E all Confederate states must accept the 14th Amendment 3. Which of the following statements is true of the Wade-Davis Bill? A. It allowed restoration of a loyal government when as few as ten percent of a state s prewar registered voters swore loyalty to the Union and acceptance of emancipation. B. It explicitly required that the vote be accorded to the recently freed slaves. C. It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to regain the right to vote and hold office by simply promising future good behavior D. It was pocket-vetoed by Lincoln E. It provided substantially more lenient terms of reconstruction than those favored by Lincoln. 4. Radical Republicans opposed President Johnson's approach to Reconstruction for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A he pardoned many rebel leaders B many Confederate leaders were returned to the U.S. Congress C Southern states were slow to repudiate secession D black codes were enacted in place of slave codes E the president moved too quickly to guarantee black rights 5. The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to A. close public schools to the children of former slaves. B. promote the return of former slaves to Africa. C. enable Black citizens to vote in federal elections. D. place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people. E. further the integration of southern society.
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 2 6. During the period of Reconstruction, most of the states of the former Confederacy, in order to regain admission to the Union, were required to A. Grant blacks all the civil rights that Northern states had granted them before the war B. Ratify the Fourteenth Amendment C. Provide integrated public schools D. Ratify the Sixteenth Amendment E. Provide free land and farming utensils for the recently freed slaves. 7. In response to President Andrew Johnson s relatively mild reconstruction program, the Southern states did all of the following EXCEPT A. Refuse to repudiate the Confederate debt B. Elect many former high-ranking Confederates to Congress and other top positions C. Refuse to grant blacks the right to vote D. Attempt to reinstitute slavery E. Pass special black codes restricting th legal rights of blacks 8. When President Andrew Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton without the approval of the Senate, contrary to the terms of the recently passed Tenure of Office Act, he A. Was impeached and removed from office B. Came within one vote of being impeached C. Was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office D. Resigned to avoid impeachment and was subsequently pardoned by his successor E. Was impeached, refused to resign, and his term ended before a vote could be taken on his removal from office. 9. All of the following were parts of Andrew Johnson s plan for Reconstruction EXCEPT A. Recommending to the Southern states that the vote be extended to the recently freed slaves. B. Requiring ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment C. Requiring payment of monetary reparations for the damage caused by the war. D. Requiring renunciation of secession E. Requiring repudiation of the Confederate debt. 10. In response to southern intransigence in the face of President Andrew Johnson s mild reconstruction plan, Congress did all of the following EXCEPT A. Exclude Southern representative and senators from participating in Congress B Pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866 C D Order the arrest and imprisonment of former Confederate leaders. Approve and send on to the states the Fourteenth Amendment
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 3 E Divide the South into five districts to be ruled by military governors with almost dictatorial powers. 11. The Radical branch of the Republican Party was able to influence decisions of Congress during much of Reconstruction because A it constituted a majority in both houses of Congress B President Johnson was a Republican C the actions of President Johnson and the Democrats encouraged Radical Republicans and moderate Republicans to work together D they represented the views of a majority of Americans E their leaders were effective compromisers 12. Andrew Johnson was impeached and nearly removed from office on the grounds of his A. Refusal to carry out the provisions of the Military Reconstruction Act B. Alleged involvement in a corrupt stock-manipulating scheme carried out by one of his associates C. Refusal to carry out the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 D. Violation of the Tenure of Office Act in removing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton E. General failure to cooperate with the Radical Republicans in their efforts to carry out Reconstruction. 13. President Johnson was impeached by Congress following his attempt to A limit the power of the military governors in the South B discipline officials who enforced Civil Rights laws C remove Secretary of War Stanton D undermine the 15th Amendment E eliminate the Freedman's Bureau 14. Andrew Johnson was impeached primarily because A. he was an alcoholic and made several major speeches while totally drunk B. angry Northern Congressmen resented the fact that Johnson, a Southerner (from Tennessee) had become president following Lincoln's death and was administering Southern Reconstruction C. members of Congress felt that Johnson's Reconstruction policies were too harsh and unfairly penalized former Confederate leaders trying to rebuild their homeland. D. he demanded suffrage for blacks in addition to the abolition of slavery. E. he obstructed the enforcement of congressional Reconstruction policies that he felt were too harsh. 15. All of the following elements of the Radical Republican program were implemented during Reconstruction EXCEPT A. provision of 40 acres to each freedman. B. enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment. C. military occupation of the South. D. punishment of the Confederate leaders. E. restrictions on the power of the President.
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 4 16. The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 provided for A. temporary Union military supervision of the ex-confederacy B. federal monetary support of the resettlement of American Blacks in Africa. C. denial of Black property-holding and voting rights. D. implementation of anti-black vagrancy laws in the South. E. lenient readmission of the ex-confederate states to the Union. 17. The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was important because it A. prohibited slavery within the United States B. guaranteed equal protection under the law for every American citizen. C. prohibited any state from denying an American citizen the right to vote based on race/ethnic background, color, or having previously been a slave. D prohibited any state from denying women the right to vote E. provided Congress with the power to establish and collect income taxes. 18. In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with A protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson B protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves C ending slavery D guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote E establishing the Freedmen's Bureau 19. At the end of the Civil War, the vast majority of freed slaves found work as A. factory workers B. railroad employees C. independent artisans D. tenant farmers E. domestic servants 20. Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system to the late-nineteenth century South? A. A major redistribution of land ownership. B. A diversification of crops. C. A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers. D. A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels. E. The termination of the control exerted by White landowners over former slaves. 21. During Reconstruction, Southern Blacks typically did which of the following? A. Worked as day laborers in towns and cities. B. Migrated northward, exercising their new freedom. C. Owned and worked small farms. D. Worked in mines and factories. E. Tilled farms as renters and sharecroppers.
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 5 22. The sharecropping system in the South following Reconstruction had the effect of A. Allowing many former slaves and poor white tenant farmers, who could have never otherwise owned land, to buy their own farms. B. Moving many former slaves and poor white tenant farmers into the middle class C. Pushing tenant farmers and poor independent farmers into deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants D. Helping to limit the power of former plantation owners and Northern business interests E. Changing the basic attitudes of whites and blacks who were now forced to work side by side farming the same land. 23. In speaking of scalawags, white Southerners of the Reconstruction era made reference to A. Former slaves who had risen to high positions within the Reconstruction governments of the Southern states. B. Northerners who had come south to take high positions within the Reconstruction governments of the Southern states C. The U.S. Army generals who served as military governors in the South D. The Radical Republicans in Congress who imposed the Reconstruction regimes on the South E. Southerners who supported or participated in the Reconstruction regimes. 24. The biggest failure of Reconstruction governments was that they A. Failed to reestablish an effective plantation system to rejuvenate the South s devastated economy B. Were dominated by blacks, which aroused such white hostility that, combined with the inexperience of black legislators, doomed Reconstruction governments to failure C. Failed to reestablish an effective public education system in the occupied South D. Failed to effectively industrialize the South E. Failed to change basic white attitudes in the South and they were unable to effectively reorganize the South s social structure. 25. In general, state governments in the South during Reconstruction A. were ineffective because they were dominated by freed slaves and others who were incompetent to hold office B. were totally ineffective because of the restrictive rule of the Union military bureaucracy, which kept a tight rein on state governments C. accomplished some notable items, but basically squandered their opportunity to effectively rebuild the South because of the greed and corruption of "scalawags" and Yankee "carpetbaggers." D. were much more successful than the pre-civil War governments that preceded them
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 6 E. accomplished some notable achievements and were comparable in their effectiveness to the pre-civil War governments that preceded them 26. During Reconstruction in the South, the political impact of what conservatives called "Negro rule" was that African-Americans A participated in politics but they did not dominate events B constituted a majority of most state legislatures in the South C were elected governors in several southern states D dominated the Congressional delegation of the South E were elected to public office in numbers proportionate to their population 27. The main reason that President Grant s administration is considered a failure is A. His failure to retreat from the radical Reconstruction policies of his predecessors B. His failure to effectively quell the Indian uprisings in the Western territories C. His failure to control the corruption permeating his administration D. His attempts to destroy the Democratic party and return the country to a one-party system E. His failure to be reelected after serving his first term in office. 28. Beginning in the late 1860's, the influence of African-American voters and black officials decreased largely due to A disinterest on the part of black voters B white violence against black political activists C intervention by the federal government against black activists D official corruption E a belief that blacks had achieved their political goals 29. The symbolic end to Reconstruction occurred in 1877 when A President Grant formally declared the end of Reconstruction B federal troops were withdrawn from the South C a pro-south Democrat became president D Congress enacted a sweeping Civil Rights Act E the Centennial Exposition heralded a new century 30. Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877? A. The freed slaves had been successfully integrated into Southern society. B. The treaty ending the Civil War had set such a time limit. C. Most of the politically active Black people had left the South for Northern cities. D. The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election. E. The United States needed the troops stationed in the South to confront the French in Mexico. 31. The primary underlying reason that Reconstruction ended in 1877 was that A. Southerners had succeeded in electing anti-reconstruction governments in all the former Confederate states
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 7 B. All the goals set by the Radical Republicans at the end of the Civil War had been accomplished. C. Leading Radicals in the North had become convinced that Reconstruction had been unconstitutional D Northern voters had grown weary of the effort to Reconstruct the South and generally lost interest E. Republican political managers had come to see further agitation of North- South differences arising from the Civil War as a political liability. 32. The Compromise of 1877 resulted in A. The ascension of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency in return for assurances that what was left of Reconstruction in the South would be ended B. The division of the Dakota Territory into North Dakota and South Dakota C. Government financing for a Southern transcontinental railroad route in return for financial grants allowing the completion of the Great Northern Railroad from Minnesota to the Pacific Northwest. D. The ascension of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency in return for the passage of an Amnesty Act which would pardon former Confederate soldiers, allowing them to regain their voting rights. E. The formal separation of Virginia and West Virginia and the official acceptance of statehood for West Virginia. 33. By the Compromise of 1877 the Democrats agreed to allow the Republican candidate to become president in exchange for A. A promise that they would be allowed to win the next two presidential elections B. An end to Reconstruction C. Large personal bribes to leading Democrats D. A substantial lowering of protective tariffs E. Retroactive compensation for freed slaves. 34. After the collapse of the Reconstruction governments, the men who came to power in the New South were called A. Carpetbaggers B. Scalawags C. Copperheads D. Freedmen E. Redeemers 35. In speaking of redemption in a political sense, white Southerners of the Reconstruction era made reference to A. Ridding the South of the Reconstruction governments B. Atoning for their society s sin of slavery by granting full legal and social equality to blacks C. Atoning for the Southern states secession by displaying extreme patriotism to the restored United States
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 8 D. Regaining personal rights of citizenship by taking an oath of allegiance to the Union E. Buying back from the federal government plantations confiscated during the war 36. Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "Redeemer" administrations? A Participation by both Whites and African Americans in local government B Establishment of a public school system (C) Election of African American majorities to state legislatures C Election of African American majorities to state legislatures D Establishment of a vigorous Republican Party in the South E Opening of public facilities to African Americans 37. "Jim Crow" laws were laws that A. effectively prohibited blacks from voting in state and local elections B. restricted American Indians to U.S. government reservations C. restricted open-range ranching in the Great Plains. D. established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites E. restricted the consumption and distribution of alcohol within the limits of pro-temperance communities. 38. In its decision in the case of Plessy v Ferguson, the Supreme Court held that A. Separate facilities for different races were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional B. No black slave could be a citizen of the United States C. Separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional D. Affirmative Action programs were acceptable only when it could be proven that specific previous cases of discrimination had occurred within the institution or business in question. E. The imposition of a literacy test imposed an unconstitutional barrier to the right to vote.
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 9 39. Which of the following best expresses the point of view of the following cartoon? A. Southern whites and blacks can never be reconciled B. Southern whites would willingly be reconciled with blacks C. Blacks have no interest in reconciliation with Southern whites D. The president must take a forceful role in reconciling Southern whites and blacks E. Reconciliation of Southern whites and blacks is simply a matter of recognizing the new realities. 40. Which of the following best describes the situation of freedmen in the decade following the Civil War? A Each was given 40 acres of land and a mule by the Union government. B All were granted political equality by the Emancipation Proclamation. C The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearly planters D They were required to pass a literacy test before being granted United States citizenship E They supported the passage of Black Codes to ensure their economic and political rights. 41. Which of the following was a serious constitutional question after the Civil War? A The restoration of the power of the federal judiciary? B The legality of the national banking system. C The legal and political status of the former Confederate states.
Chapter 16 Reconstruction Page 10 D The relationship between Great Britain and the United States. E The proposed annexation of Colombia. 42. The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) did which of the following? A Denounced business combinations in restraint of trade. B Sanctioned separate but equal public facilities for African Americans C Declared that the Fourteenth Amendment applied principally to the protection of corporations D Defined the Constitution as color-blind E Empowered Congress to cancel treaties with American Indian tribes unilaterally. 43. After the Civil War, women reformers and former abolitionists were divided over A creation of a sharecropping system in the South B legislation that ensured the voting rights of African American males C use of military forces to keep order in the South D reliance on female workers in Northern factories E redemption of greenback dollars for gold currency 44. During Reconstruction, a major economic development in the South was the A creation of large commercial and banking centers B spread of sharecropping C rise of large-scale commercial farming D decline of the textile industry E emergence of the cotton economy 45. African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Kansas were known as A exodusters B homesteaders C scalawags D jayhawkers E the Colored Farmer s National Alliance 46. Which of the following occurred during Radical Reconstruction? A The passage of the Black Codes B A permanent shift of Southern voters to the Republican Party C The creation of a new industrial base in a majority of Southern states D The formation of the Ku Klux Klan E Widespread redistribution of confiscated land to former slaves