SSWH16 The student will demonstrate an understanding of long-term causes of World War I and its global impact.
LONG-TERM CAUSES OF WWI: M. A. I. N.
MILITARISM: Glorification of the military; war was made to be romantic Countries feel threatened, start building up military Navy was most important branch to build up
Alliances European nations signed alliances with one another promising to defend each other if attacked These alliances led to widespread distrust among nations
ALLIANCES: Feeling threatened by expansion & industrialization, countries began to form alliances with each other in case of war TRIPLE ALLIANCE (CENTRAL POWERS): GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY OTTOMAN EMPIRE BULGARIA TRIPLE ENTENTE (ALLIED POWERS): FRANCE RUSSIA (1917) GREAT BRITAIN UNITED STATES (1917) SERBIA ITALY (LATER)
IMPERIALISM: Competition to gain more territory with access to more natural resources and build the largest empire led to tension among nations
NATIONALISM: Strong sense of pride for one s country Big in France & Germany Strong nationalism in Russia that caused Austria-Hungry to feel threatened Balkan region: highest area of tension due to nationalism (known as the powder keg of Europe
a. Identify the causes of the war; include Balkan nationalism, entangling alliances, and militarism. Balkan nationalism: Many countries* in the Balkans wanted to extend and protect their borders - Groups within these countries wanted to fight Austria to gain ethnic territory *Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Serbia are located in the Balkan region*
Balkan Region
SHORT-TERM CAUSE OF WWI: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) Sarajevo, Bosnia June 28, 1914 Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Member of the Black Hand, Serbian nationalist group Austria declares war on Serbia
ALLIANCES KICK IN: Austria-Hungary calls on Germany Serbia asked Russia for help Russia asks France for help Germany declares war on France Germany invades Belgium, Great Britain declares war on Germany
WORLD WAR 1: CONDITIONS ON THE HOME FRONT
WESTERN FRONT: Germany v. France Began digging trenches to protect their armies from enemy fire (trench warfare) Caused a stalemate; battle lines remained unchanged in France for 4 years
BATTLE OF VERDUN: February 21-December 18, 1916 Lasts 10 months German strategy: to inflict mass casualties on the French in hopes of taking France One of the longest & most devastating battles of the war 976,000 deaths French won
TRENCH WARFARE: Aerial of trenches No Man s Land
going over the top was the only way to take territory
trench foot
EASTERN FRONT: Germany v. Russia Russia was the least industrialized great power during WWI Poorly equipped to fight a modern war Russia left war in 1917 due to revolution
NEW MODERN TECHNOLOGY: Machine guns Long range artillery gun Poison gas Tanks Airplanes Submarines (U-boats)
THE END: USA joins Allies, helps Allied Powers win Germany signed an armistice on Nov. 11, 1918 at 11 AM Paris Peace Conference: *victories Allies met in Paris to decide Europe s fate * Big Four: US, France, Britain, Italy *Wilson wanted peace without victory *Fourteen Points *League of Nations
c. Explain the major decisions made in the Versailles Treaty; include German reparations and the mandate system that replaced Ottoman control.
Versailles Treaty (1919) German Reparations: -Germany had to admit total guilt for starting the war -Germany made to pay for the war, money they didn t have -German navy and army limited in size Mandate system: -Territories of Germany and the Ottoman Empire, were taken away, and governed by the League of Nations until they could establish selfgovernment
Wilson s 14 Points and the League of Nations Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 Points, or ideas during the Versailles talks including the formation of the League of Nations The League would meet to try and prevent further world conflicts Though European countries joined the League, Congress voted against it
EUROPE IN SHAMBLES: Because of stress of war, governments collapsed in: 1. Russia 2. Germany 3. Austria-Hungary 4. Ottoman Empire
HAPSBURG DYNASTY: Family that ruled in Austria-Hungary for many centuries Collapsed after WWI due to food shortages, unstable government, influenced by Russian Revolution, and toll of war
COST OF WAR: More than 8.5 million men died in battle About 18 million had been wounded, many left disabled for life 6-13 million civilians lost their lives Most countries put all their money & resources into war, were left poor and dissatisfied (about $208 million) Lost an entire generation of men