The Spanish American-War 4 Causes of the War: Sugar (Economic) Spanish Cruelties (Humanitarian) The Sinking of the USS Maine (Self-Defense/National Pride) Spanish Brutalities and Yellow Journalism (Political Pressure) Important Events Sinking of the USS Maine 266 US Servicemen are killed Blamed on a Spanish mine Later found to be an accident Admiral Dewey Surprise attack on the Spanish Fleet in Manila Harbor, Philippines All Spanish Ships are Sunk Spanish Defeated in Battle of San Juan Hill T. Roosevelt led the Rough Riders to victory Spain signs Treaty of Paris Ending the War Effects of the Spanish American War US becomes an Imperialist Power Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines become colonies of the US Cuba gains its independence from Spain, but becomes a US Protectorate US will protect and partially control Cuba Philippine rebels wanting independence declare war on US Lasts another 3 years 1
The Roosevelt Corollary Allows American Intervention in Latin America The United States in the Pacific by 1900 Questions What is Yellow Journalism? What happened to the U.S.S. Maine? What was the result of the Spanish- American War? Was the war good or bad for the U.S.? Why? 2
The American Role in World War I Allied Powers: Two Armed Camps! Central Powers: Assassination and Alliances Lead to WWI Archduke Franz Ferdinand 3
Summer of 1914 Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions June 28 th Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated July 23 rd Austria Hungary Presents Serbia with an ultimatum July 28 th Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia July 29 th Russia Mobilizes its troops August 1 st Germany mobilizes troops. Summer of 1914 Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions August 2 nd Germany declares war on Russia Germany invades Poland and Luxemburg, invasion of France starts August 3 rd Germany declares war on France August 4 th Germany declares war on Belgium and invades it August 4 th England declares war on Germany August 5 th Austria declares war on Russia and Great Britain Within 1 month Europe, and the world, were at war. America Slowly Steps to War 1914: England s Blockade Ends US Trade with Germany 4
1915: A German Submarine Sinks the Lusitania Early 1917 The United States Seizes the Zimmerman Note April 1917: Wilson declares war to make world safe for democracy 5
Questions What was the Triple Entente? What was the Triple Alliance? What were the reasons that the U.S. entered WWI? Whose side was it on? Ending the War 1917-1918 US Enters the War in April of 1917 March 1918 Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Germans now use all resources on Western Front March of 1918 Germany begins a massive attack on France Ending the War (1918) The Tide Turns German troops fatigued US had 140,000 fresh troops 2 nd Battle of the Marne (June 1918) Central Powers Crumble Revolutions in Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire surrenders German soldiers mutiny, public turns against Kaiser Wilhelm II 6
Ending the War (1918) Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates on November 9 th 1918 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month in 1918 Germany agrees to a cease-fire Day becomes a national holiday called Armistice Day; it will later be called Veterans Day 8.5 million soldiers dead 21 million soldiers wounded Cost of $338 billion dollars Ending the War The Paris Peace Conference Meeting of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference Wilson Proposes his 14 points Big Four create Treaty of Versailles War Guilt Clause Break up of German, Austrian, Russian and Ottoman Empires Reparations Legacy of bitterness and betrayal The Peace Conference: US Wants Peace, France Wants Punishment Instead, the world gets Adolf Hitler and World War II 7
Questions What was the result of WWI? Who won and who lost? What was the Treaty of Versailles? World War II The Most Revolutionary Moment in American (and World) History CAUSES OF WWII Political instability & economic devastation Depression High war debt owed by Germany High inflation Massive unemployment Rise of Fascism Fascism = total power is given to a dictator Germany Adolf Hitler Italy Benito Mussolini Japan Hideki Tojo *Became the Axis Powers (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis) 8
MAJOR EVENTS OF WWII Germany invades Poland September 1, 1939 Germany invades France (captures Paris) 1940 Battle of Britain begins (bombing London) 1940 US aids Britain in return for bases 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Germany declares war on US 1941 US declares war on Germany & Japan 1941 Germany invades Soviet Union June 22, 1941 Battle of Stalingrad (Turning point in Europe) Battle of El Alamein (Turning point in Africa) Battle of Midway (Turning point in Pacific) D-Day Invasion of Normandy June 6, 1944 Germany surrenders (V-E Day) May 8, 1945 Atomic Bombs dropped: Hiroshima & Nagasaki Japan surrenders (V-J Day) September 2, 1945 Transforming the American Military: From Isolation to World Power Pearl Harbor Provokes the United States December 7, 1941 THE ALLIES GREAT BRITAIN Winston Churchill UNITED STATES Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman SOVIET UNION Joseph Stalin China Chiang Kai Shek France Charles De Gaulle 9
THE AXIS Germany Adolf Hitler Italy Benito Mussolini Japan Hideki Tojo Dominance in Asia: Island Hopping & the Atomic Bomb 10
Questions What caused WWII? Who were the Allies? Who were the Axis? Why did the U.S. get into WWII? What were the three turning points in WWII? D-Day June 6 th, 1944 Invasion of Europe The Holocaust Six Million Jews and Five Million others are killed U.S. bombers over Germany Victory in Europe (V-E) Day May 8, 1945 11
The Pacific Theatre Jungle fighting Raising the flag on Iwo Jima The American Fleet including Aircraft Carriers The Dropping of the Atomic Bombs Hiroshima & Nagasaki August 1945 Victory in Japan (V-J) Day September 2, 1945 12
The End of WWII: America Unscathed (Unhurt) EFFECTS OF WWII End to the Great Depression (war boom) Women took jobs (Rosie the Riveter) Conservation and Rationing of goods Racial barriers broken down (temporarily) Japanese Americans put in internment camps Questions What was the Holocaust? Why did the U.S. drop the atomic bomb? What were some effects of WWII? Who had the most casualties in the war? How many did the U.S. have? 13