The text defines as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government and politics. direct action *political participation unconventional participation conventional participation conventional behavior Although terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as unconventional political participation because *terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it. the acceptability of terrorism varies from culture to culture. terrorism uses fear, not persuasion, as its primary tactic. terrorist acts generally concern international politics, not domestic disputes. terrorism does not use the established institutions of representative government. The 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an example of unsuccessful unconventional political participation. indirect action. successful conventional political participation. *successful unconventional political participation. unsuccessful conventional political participation. The country with the lowest voter turnout among eligible voters in congressional elections is Belgium. Germany. Sweeden. Spain. *the United States. The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to participate. speak. protest. *vote. rally. The framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to Congress. the Supreme Court. *the states. the Federalist papers. voting districts.
The Amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Tenth Fourteenth *Fifteenth Twenty-second Eighteenth The purpose of the literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 was to keep schoolteachers employed. keep illegal aliens from voting. void illegally-cast ballots. ensure that only well-informed people voted. *discourage African Americans from voting. The amendment granting women s suffrage is the Eighteenth Amendment. *Nineteenth Amendment. Twentieth Amendment. Twenty-first Amendment. Twenty-eighth Amendment. A 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to approve more generous voting restoration rights for felons who have served their full sentences. reinstate the all-white primary election. *enforce new voter identification laws. legalize voting by mail. restrict voting only to residents of an elected official s home district. Which of the following qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s? *Property ownership Age Race Gender Literacy requirement The amendment lowering the voting age to eighteen is the Eighteenth Amendment. Nineteenth Amendment. Twentieth Amendment. *Twenty-sixth Amendment.
Twenty-seventh Amendment. A direct primary is a direct vote on a proposed law. *preliminary election to choose party candidates. special election initiated by petition. procedure by which voters can propose a law to be considered by the legislature. recorded position on an issue by an interest group. Most referenda are placed on the ballot by voters. governors. interest groups. judges. *legislatures. The typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of of the number of registered voters in a state. *5 to 10 percent 25 to 30 percent 45 to 50 percent more than 50 percent at least 60 percent championed the direct primary. African Americans Democrats Southern voters New voters under 21 years old *Progressives According to the text, if the criterion is, America has the best and most democratic government in the world. amount of political information available to voters effectiveness of politicians and the political system degree of public participation in all types of political activities *number of elections held history of responsive governance Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are low education, high income, and being middle-aged. *low education, low income, and being relatively young. high education, low income, and being relatively old. low education, low income, and being middle-aged. low income and general apathy.
Of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, is the strongest single factor. race gender age marital status *education Women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are far lower. slightly lower. *about the same. slightly higher. far higher. The effect of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which enfranchised eighteen-to-twentyyear-olds, was to boost voter turnout in the United States above that of most other democratic nations. *reduce the national voter turnout rate. increase the national voter turnout rate. decrease the percentage of the population that distrusts the American political system. counter the increasing social mobility of this group. Psychological explanations of turnout suggest that voting will rise if *more Americans believe that government is responsive. party identification increases among the electorate. educational levels rise. a major war begins. satisfaction with government policies declines. By law, the U.S. presidential election occurs the last Wednesday in October. the first Thursday in November. the last Monday in November. the second Tuesday in November. *the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. In Oregon, everyone votes by telephone. Internet. electronic devices. *mail. None of these choices is true.
The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of union members. the poor. *those with greater resources. no particular group. nonvoters. To maintain order, the government has a stake in converting whenever possible. education into voting behavior wealth into contributions *unconventional participation into conventional participation voting into buy-in foreign policy issues into domestic policy issues Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to eighteen, because they recognized the justice of the student antiwar and civil rights movements. knew that student voter turnout would be low. expected the new voters to change the political balance of power drastically. *hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation. realized the unfairness of the discrepancy between the military draft age and the voting age. Someone who asserts that elections socialize political activity is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain freedom. majoritarianism. equality. *order. independence. The majoritarian model of democracy favors both conventional and unconventional forms of participation. unconventional forms of participation. resourceful individuals seeking particularized benefits. better-educated, wealthier citizens. *voting as the primary means of participation.