LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT 4th Edition Dedication... v About the Author... xi Preface... xxxi Acknowledgments... xxxii Table of Decisions... 915 Subject-Matter Index... 977 Chapter 1: Initial Considerations The Claims to Be Presented... 1 The Claims to Be Presented... 3 When and Where to File... 5 Chapter 2: Justiciability: Standing, Mootness, and Ripeness... 11 Standing... 12 Article III Standing: The Irreducible Constitutional Minimum... 13 Injury in Fact... 13 Causation... 14 Redressability... 15 Quick Cites... 16 Quick Cites... 19 Prudential Standing... 19 Generalized Grievance... 21 Rights of Third Parties... 21 Zone of Interest... 22 Quick Cites... 23 Organizational Standing... 23 Quick Cites... 25 Associational Standing... 26 Mootness... 28 Quick Cites... 34 Ripeness... 37 Fitness for Judicial Review... 38 Hardship to the Parties... 40 Quick Cites... 41 Chapter 3: Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies... 43 General Considerations... 43 Exhaustion as a Prudential Requirement... 43 xiii
xiv LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. Quick Cites... 44 Quick Cites... 44 Quick Cites... 45 Quick Cites... 45 Exhaustion as a Statutory Requirement... 46 Review of Orders of Removal... 47 INA 242(d) Is a Claim-Processing Rule, Not a Jurisdictional Rule... 48 Does an Appeal Have to Be Filed with the Board of Immigration Appeals?... 50 Quick Cites... 50 Does the Issue Have to Be Presented to the BIA?... 52 Quick Cites... 53 Quick Cites... 55 Constitutional Claims and Challenges to Regulations... 56 Quick Cites... 57 Futility... 58 Quick Cites... 58 Citizenship Claims... 59 Quick Cites... 59 Manifest Injustice... 59 Quick Cites... 60 Does a Motion to Reopen or Reconsider Have to Be Filed?... 60 Waiver of Right to Appeal... 61 Quick Cites... 63 Release from Custody Decisions... 64 Quick Cites... 64 Other Agency Decisions... 66 Lawsuit Brought Under the APA... 67 Statutory Exhaustion Requirement... 67 Regulatory Exhaustion Requirement... 68 Required vs. Permissive Administrative Appeals... 68 No Stay of Administrative Decision Pending Administrative Appeal... 69 Legalization and LIFE Act Cases... 70 Naturalization Decisions... 71 Mandamus in Delay Cases... 72 Chapter 4: Subject Matter Jurisdiction: General Considerations... 75 Constitutional Framework... 75 Statutory Framework... 75 Limitations on Judicial Review... 76 Channeling Provisions... 76 Preclusion Provisions... 77
xv Jurisdictional Rules vs. Claim-Processing Rules... 80 Quick Cites... 83 Chapter 5: Judicial Review of Removal Orders... 85 Review Under INA 242 General Considerations... 85 What Is a Final Order of Removal?... 85 BIA Issues Order Terminating Proceedings... 87 BIA Issues Order of Removal in the First Instance... 87 BIA Grants Motion to Reopen or Motion to Reconsider... 88 BIA Grants Voluntary Departure... 89 BIA Issues Order Remanding to Immigration Judge... 90 Immigration Judge Decision on Remand from BIA... 93 Asylum-Only and Withholding-Only Proceedings... 94 Time for Filing... 95 Stay of Removal... 97 Stay of Voluntary Departure Period... 100 Release from Detention... 101 Scope of Review... 101 Quick Cites... 104 Standard of Review... 106 Constitutional Issues and Issues of Law... 106 Quick Cites... 107 Quick Cites... 108 Application of Law to Undisputed Facts... 109 Quick Cites... 109 Findings of Fact... 110 Quick Cites... 112 Quick Cites... 113 Discretionary Decisions... 113 Quick Cites... 114 Failure to Provide Reasoned Explanation... 115 Quick Cites... 117 Review of Citizenship Claims... 122 Review of Streamlined Decisions... 126 Jurisdiction to Review Streamlined Decision... 128 Due Process Challenges to Streamlining Regulations... 129 Other Challenges to Streamlined Decisions... 130 BIA Violation of Streamlining Regulations... 130 Appeals Involving Discretionary and Non-Discretionary Aspects... 134 Pattern and Practice Cases... 135 Chapter 6: IIRAIRA s Jurisdiction-Stripping Provisions... 139 INA 242(a)(2)(B) Review of Discretionary Decisions... 142 Is the Decision Specified Under This Title to Be Discretionary?... 143
xvi LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. What Constitutes a Discretionary Decision?... 146 Quick Cites... 148 Reviewable Aspects of Discretionary Decisions... 149 Violation of Due Process... 149 Quick Cites... 150 Quick Cites... 151 Statutory Eligibility for Discretionary Relief... 152 Quick Cites... 153 Application of Legal Concepts to Facts... 154 Quick Cites... 156 Findings of Fact... 157 Unlawful Exercise of Discretion... 159 Quick Cites... 162 INA 242(a)(2)(C) Review of Criminal Cases... 167 Do INA 242(a)(2)(C) Restrictions Apply?... 170 Quick Cites... 170 Scope of Review Under INA 242(a)(2)(C)... 173 Quick Cites... 173 Quick Cites... 175 INA 240B(f) Voluntary Departure... 176 INA 208(a)(3) One-Year Time Bar for Asylum Applications... 177 Quick Cites... 178 INA 242(g) Prosecutorial and Enforcement Decisions... 179 Quick Cites... 179 Chapter 7: Due Process in Removal Proceedings... 183 The Content of Due Process... 187 Fair Hearing Before the Immigration Judge... 188 Failure to Grant Continuance... 189 Quick Cites... 189 Quick Cites... 190 Failure to Change Venue... 191 Quick Cites... 192 Failure to Advise of Eligibility for Relief... 192 Quick Cites... 193 Access to Evidence... 194 Quick Cites... 194 Failure to Allow Witness to Testify... 194 Quick Cites... 194 Quick Cite... 196 Reliance on Hearsay Evidence... 196 Quick Cites... 196 Inadequate Translation... 198 Quick Cites... 198 Failure to Provide an Explanation Based on Evidence in the Record... 199 Quick Cites... 200
xvii Quick Cites... 202 The Right to a Neutral Judge... 202 Quick Cites... 204 Quick Cites... 205 Videoconferencing... 206 Fair Opportunity for an Administrative Appeal... 207 Notice of Appeal Rights... 207 Quick Cites... 207 Administrative Notice of New Facts... 208 Quick Cites... 208 Right to Effective Assistance of Counsel... 208 Quick Cites... 210 Quick Cites... 212 Ineffective Assistance of Counsel as a Private Wrong... 215 Ineffective Assistance of Counsel in Connection with Discretionary Relief... 218 Quick Cites... 221 Prejudice... 222 Is a Showing of Prejudice Required?... 222 Quick Cites... 224 What Is the Standard for Showing Prejudice?... 226 Quick Cites... 226 What Law to Apply on Remand... 228 Quick Cites... 228 Chapter 8: Motions to Suppress... 231 Purposes of the Exclusionary Rule... 231 The Constitutional and Statutory Framework... 232 The Fourth Amendment: Searches and Seizures... 232 Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement... 233 Border Searches... 234 Consent... 238 Quick Cites... 238 Exigent Circumstances... 239 Terry Stops... 241 Quick Cites... 245 Searches and Seizures Probable Cause... 246 The Fifth Amendment: Interrogations... 248 The Statutory and Regulatory Framework... 250 Terry Stops... 251 Arrests Without a Warrant... 251 Site Inspections... 252 The Exclusionary Rule... 253 Standing to Object to Constitutional Violations... 253 Exclusionary Rule in Criminal Prosecutions... 253
xviii LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. Violation of the Fourth Amendment... 253 Violation of the Fifth Amendment... 254 Action Outside Statutory or Regulatory Authority... 255 Exclusionary Rule in Civil Proceedings... 255 INS v. Lopez-Mendoza... 256 The Exclusionary Rule in Immigration Proceedings... 258 Egregious Violation of the Fourth Amendment... 258 Entry into Home Without Warrant or Consent... 261 Quick Cites... 262 Racial Profiling... 263 Quick Cites... 263 Widespread Violations... 263 Violation of the Fifth Amendment... 264 Quick Cites... 265 Action Outside Statutory or Regulatory Authority... 265 The Shifting Burden of Proof... 267 Fruit of the Poisonous Tree... 268 Evidence of Identity... 271 The Body of a Defendant Is Never Suppressible... 271 Suppression of Identity Evidence... 272 Statements Made During Removal Proceedings... 275 Chapter 9: Judicial Review of Expedited Removal Orders... 277 Expedited Orders Under INA 235(b)(1) (Arriving Alien)... 280 The Expedited Removal Process... 280 Jurisdiction to Review an Expedited Removal Order... 282 Due Process Challenge to Expedited Removal Procedures... 283 Challenge to Expedited Removal Order as Unlawful... 284 Expedited Orders of Removal Under INA 238 (Aggravated Felony)... 292 Expedited Orders of Removal Under INA 217 (Visa Waiver Program)... 293 Statutory and Regulatory Framework... 293 Challenges to Removal... 294 Where to File... 295 Adjustment of Status... 296 Asylum... 300 Reinstated Order of Removal Under INA 241(a)(5)... 300 Amendments Made by IIRAIRA... 301 Categories of Individuals Not Subject to Reinstatement... 302 Withholding of Removal and Protection Under CAT... 303 VAWA Benefits... 304 U-Visa and T-Visa Applications... 306 Duran-Gonzales Class Members... 306
xix Retroactive Application of INA 241(a)(5)... 307 Quick Cites... 309 Validity of the Regulations Under the Statute... 310 Judicial Review... 310 Review in Court of Appeals... 310 Time for Filing Petition for Review... 311 Proper Venue for Filing Petition for Review... 313 Review of the EOIR Witholding-Only Decision... 313 Review of the Reinstatement Order... 313 Challenge to Validity of Prior Order... 314 INA 245(a)(5)... 316 Traditional View That Collateral Attack Is Permitted... 316 Collateral Attack After IIRAIRA and the REAL ID Act... 320 Collateral Attack in the Courts of Appeals... 321 Collateral Attack by Motion to Reopen... 322 Collateral Attack in Habeas Proceedings... 325 Motion to Reopen Reinstatement Order... 325 Chapter 10: Judicial Review of Motions to Reopen... 327 Stay of Removal Pending Review of Motion to Reopen... 328 Judicial Review of Motion to Reopen In Absentia Order of Removal... 330 In Absentia Orders Before IMMACT90 (OSC Issued Before June 13, 1992)... 331 In Absentia Orders Under IMMACT90 (OSC Issued from June 13, 1992 to May 31, 1997)... 332 No Notice... 337 Quick Cites... 338 Exceptional Circumstances... 339 Quick Cites... 341 In Absentia Orders After IIRAIRA (NTA Issued on or After April 1, 1997)... 342 Quick Cites... 344 Judicial Review of Non-In Absentia Motion to Reopen... 346 Cases Not Involving Discretionary Decisions Under INA 242(a)(2)(B)... 346 Quick Cites... 346 Cases Involving Discretionary Relief Under INA 242(a)(2)(B)... 350 Discretionary Relief Not Previously Applied For... 350 Discretionary Relief Previously Applied For... 351 Motion to Reopen to Apply for Benefits Outside Removal Proceedings... 353 Motion to Reopen After Departure from the United States... 354 Quick Cites... 356 Preserving Voluntary Departure... 358 Equitable Tolling... 361 Deception, Fraud or Error... 361 Ineffective Assistance of Counsel... 361 Lozada Requirements... 362
xx LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. Quick Cites... 363 Ineffective Assistance... 364 Quick Cites... 365 Quick Cites... 366 Other Reasons for Equitable Tolling... 367 Quick Cites... 367 Due Diligence... 368 Quick Cites... 369 Prejudice... 370 Sua Sponte Reopening... 370 Quick Cites... 372 Chapter 11: Collateral Attack on Prior Order of Removal... 375 The Traditional Gross Miscarriage of Justice Standard... 376 Gross Miscarriage of Justice in the Immigration Context... 379 Quick Cites... 384 Acquital in 1326 Prosecution... 385 Chapter 12: Review of Removal Orders in Habeas Proceedings... 389 Historical Use of Habeas to Challenge Order of Deportation... 391 Scope of Review in Habeas Proceedings... 392 Constitutional Claims... 393 Quick Cites... 394 Statutory and Regulatory Claims... 395 Quick Cites... 395 Application of Law to Facts... 396 Quick Cites... 396 Findings of Fact... 397 Quick Cites... 398 Abuse of Discretion... 398 Quick Cites... 399 Whether Habeas Review Can Be Eliminated... 400 Habeas Review of Removal Orders After the REAL ID Act... 403 Petition for Review Not Filed Within 30 Days of the BIA s Decision... 405 Development of Record Adequate for Judicial Review... 408 Quick Cites... 409 Ultra Vires or Non-Existent Order of Removal... 411 Time for Filing... 413 Stay of Removal... 414 Naming the Proper Respondent... 414 Venue... 416 Chapter 13: Judicial Review of Immigration Detention... 417 The Constitutional Framework... 417
xxi The Statutory Framework... 420 INA 236(a) and 236(c) Pre-Final Order... 420 Mandatory Detention... 421 Prolonged Detention Under 236... 423 Quick Cites... 428 Quick Cites... 428 The When Released Issue... 431 Quick Cites... 436 Conditional Parole... 437 INA 241(a) Post-Final Order... 438 Detention During Withholding Only Proceedings... 440 Quick Cites... 440 Indefinite Detention... 443 Prolonged Detention Under 241(a)(6)... 445 235(b) Individuals Who Are Applying for Admission... 446 Statutory and Regulatory Framework... 446 Lawful Permanent Residents as Arriving Aliens... 447 Grounds of Removal... 448 Burden of Proof... 453 Detention Status... 455 Travel on Advance Parole... 457 Prolonged Detention Under 235(b)... 458 Prolonged Detention Generally... 458 Individuals with a Colorable Claim to Citizenship... 460 Jurisdictional Considerations... 460 The In Custody Requirement... 461 Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies... 463 INA 236(e) Limitation on Judicial Review... 463 Quick Cites... 464 Naming the Proper Respondent... 466 Venue... 470 Relief Available... 471 Chapter 14: Judicial Review Under the APA... 473 28 USC 1331 Review Versus INA 242 Review... 475 Decisions Made Outside Removal Proceedings: Examples... 477 Reinstatement of Nonimmigrant Status.... 477 Extension of Stay... 478 Marriage Fraud Penalty... 478 Termination of Asylum Status... 479 Decisions Made Outside Removal Proceedings but Renewed Before an Immigration Judge... 480 Pattern and Practice Cases... 485 BIA Sua Sponte Decision to Reopen Removal Proceedings... 491 Application of the APA... 491
xxii LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. Time for Filing... 491 Proper Plaintiffs... 492 Labor Certification and Visa Petitions... 493 Marriage Fraud Penalty... 494 Porting Under AC21... 495 Constular Decisions Denying Visas... 495 Proper Defendants... 496 Venue... 498 Discovery... 499 Scope of Review... 501 Standard of Review... 501 De Novo Review... 501 Substantial Evidence... 501 Arbitrary and Capricious... 502 Right to Counsel... 503 Primary and Secondary Inspection at the Border... 505 Deferred Inspection... 506 Expedited Removal... 506 Review of Discretionary Decisions... 507 APA 701(a)(2) Committed to Agency Discretion by Law... 507 Quick Cites... 507 INA 242(a)(2)(B) Review of Discretionary Decisions... 508 INA 242(g) Review of Decisions Related to Removal Proceedings... 510 Quick Cites... 510 INA 242(b)(9) Review of Issues Arising From Removal Proceedings... 512 Due Process in APA Cases... 513 Liberty... 514 Property... 515 Due Process and Disretionary Benefits... 516 What Process Is Due... 517 Quick Cites... 519 Mandamus for Delay Cases... 521 Delay Is Not Discretionary... 522 Quick Cites... 523 Elements Necessary for Mandamus... 525 Clear Duty on the Agency to Perform the Act... 525 Clear Right to the Relief Requested... 526 Quick Cites... 526 Quick Cites... 527 No Adequate Alternaative Remedy Available... 528 Mootness... 528 Chapter 15: Consular Non-Reviewability... 531
xxiii Quick Cites... 531 The Early Cases... 534 The APA and INA 279... 539 Kleindienst v. Mandel... 542 Post-Mandel Case Law... 544 Response to Arguments for Consular Non-Reviewability... 546 Statutes Precluding Judicial Review... 547 INA 104(a)... 548 INA 106(b)... 549 Committed to Agency Discretion by Law... 551 Standing... 552 General Standing Principles... 552 Standing of Noncitizens... 553 Standing of U.S. Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents... 555 The Proper Defendant... 557 Plenary Power... 558 Kerry v. Din... 559 Consular Reviewability... 562 Review of Decisions to Revoke a Visa... 562 Review of Failure to Act... 562 Review of Failure ro Follow Statute or Regulations... 563 Review of Factual Basis for Consular Officer s Decision... 565 Conclusion... 567 Chapter 16: Judicial Review of Legalization and LIFE Act Decisions... 569 Review Under INA 106 as in Effect Before October 1, 1996... 570 Review of Discretionary Denials... 571 Review of Legalization Decisions Issued After a Final Order of Removal Already Exists... 572 Chapter 17: Judicial Review of Citizenship Claims and Naturalization Decisions... 575 Judicial Review of Citizenship Claims... 575 Review in Declaratory Judgment Action... 577 Review in Removal Proceedings... 579 Judicial Review of Naturalization Decisions... 580 Time for Filing... 580 Completion of FBI Name Check... 581 Scope of Review... 583
xxiv LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. Pendency of Removal Proceedings... 585 Chapter 18: Chevron Deference and Brand X... 593 The Administrative Framework... 593 Chevron Deference... 595 Statutory Ambiguity... 598 Quick Cites... 599 Congressional Delegation of Rule-Making Power... 603 Naturalization and Citizenship Issues... 605 State and Federal Criminal Law... 606 Quick Cites... 607 State Law... 609 Circuit Court Law... 609 Quick Cites... 609 Retroactivity Issues... 610 Quick Cites... 610 Agency Exercise of Rule-Making Power... 611 Quick Cites... 612 Reasonableness of Agency Decision... 615 Quick Cites... 617 Brand X Deference... 619 Auer Deference... 627 Quick Cites... 628 Chapter 19: Retroactivity... 631 Retroactivity of Statutes... 632 The Framework for Retroactivity Analysis... 632 Discerning Congressional Intent... 634 Retroactive Effect... 637 Reliance... 641 Conduct Showing Reliance... 644 Quick Cites... 644 Retroactivity of Specific Statutory Provisions... 647 Deportability for Aggravated Felony Conviction... 647 Elimination of 212(c) Waiver... 649 Conviction by Guilty Plea... 649 Conviction After Trial... 650 Elimination of Suspension of Deportation... 652 Amendments to 212(h)... 653 Amendments to INA 212(i)... 654 Reinstatement of Order of Removal INA 241(a)(5)... 655 Elimination of Fleuti Brief, Casual and Innocent Rule INA 101(a)(13)... 658 Stop-Time Rule INA 240A(d)... 659
xxv Retroactive Application of Agency Regulations and Precedent Decisions... 661 Retroactive Application of New Regulations... 664 Quick Cites... 666 Does the agency intend that the new regulation be applied retroactively?... 668 Is it fair and reasonable to apply the regulation retroactively?... 669 Quick Cites... 670 Retroactive Application of New Precedent Decisions... 670 Quick Cites... 672 Chapter 20: Freedom of Information Act... 679 FOIA Exemptions... 679 Exemption 3 (Statutory Exemption)... 681 Exemption 5 (Litigation Privileges)... 683 Deliberative-Proccess Privilege... 683 Attorney Work-Product Privilege... 686 Attorney-Client Privilege... 687 Exemption 6 (Privacy Concerns)... 688 Exemption 7 (Law Enforcement Documents)... 689 Segregable Portions of Record... 691 Vaughan Index... 692 FOIA Procedures... 694 Making the FOIA Request... 694 20-Day Response Time... 696 The Determination... 696 Production of Documents... 697 The Administrative Appeal... 697 Expedite Requests... 697 FOIA Litigation... 699 Jurisdiction... 699 Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies... 700 Standing and Mootness... 701 Relief... 702 Inadequate Search... 702 Inadequate Justification for Withholding of Documents... 703 Prodution of Documents... 703 Attorneys Fees... 704 When to File... 705 Who is Eligible for Attorneys Fees... 705 Substantially Prevailed... 707 Discretionary Considerations... 707 Public Benefit... 708 Commercial Benefit to Plaintiff... 708 Nature of Plaintiff s Interest... 709
xxvi LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. Reasonableness of Withholding Documents... 709 Amount of the Award... 710 Attorneys Fees... 710 Other Litigation Costs... 710 Chapter 21: International Law Considerations... 713 International Law as a Source of Federal Power over Immigration... 714 The Foundation Cases... 714 Development in Interantional Human Rights Law... 719 Limits on Federal Power over Immigration... 723 International Law as Supreme Law of the Land... 724 Treaties... 724 Customary International Law (The Law of Nations)... 732 Litigating in International Tribunals... 735 Use of International Law in Domestic Courts... 739 Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation... 739 Quick Cites... 740 Facilitating Consideration of International Law... 742 Chapter 22: Preparing and Filing the Complaint or Petition for Review, and Requests for Stay... 745 Civil Complaint... 746 Preparation of a Civil Complaint... 747 Pleading Standards... 751 When and Where to File... 753 What to File... 754 Whom to Serve... 754 Petition for Habeas Corpus... 755 Preparation of a Habeas Petition... 755 When and Where to File... 757 What to File... 757 Whom to Serve... 758 Petition for Writ of Mandamus... 758 Preparation of a Mandamus Complaint... 758 Filing and Serving the Petition... 758 Petition to Review Naturalization Application... 759 Preparing the Petition... 759 Filing and Serving the Petition... 759 Petition for Review of Order of Removal... 759 Preparing the Petition for Review... 759
xxvii Request for Stay of Removal... 762 Stay of Voluntary Departure... 765 Time for Filing the Petition for Review... 765 Where to File... 766 What to File... 767 Whom to Serve... 767 After Service... 767 Chapter 23: Attorney s Fees and Costs... 771 Purpose of the Equal Access to Justice Act... 772 Elements Required for a Fee Award... 773 Civil Action... 773 Habeas Cases... 773 Quick Cites... 774 Mandamus Cases... 774 Quick Cites... 774 Naturalization Cases... 775 Quick Cites... 776 Filing Within 30 Days of Final Judgment... 776 District Court Cases... 777 Courts of Appeals Cases... 777 Net Worth of Petitioning Party... 779 Prevailing Party... 779 The Catalyst Theory... 780 The Buckhannon Standard... 782 Quick Cites... 784 Remanded Cases... 784 Lack of Substantial Justification... 786 Quick Cites... 787 No Special Circumstances... 790 Quick Cites... 791 Amount of Award... 792 EAJA Statutory Rate Adjusted for Cost of Living... 793 Enhanced Fees... 793 Limited Availability of Qualified Attorneys... 794 Counsel s Possession of Distinctive Knowledge and Skills... 794 Needful for the Litigation... 795 Qualified Counsel Not Available at the Statutory Rate... 795 Quick Cites... 795 Bad Faith... 796 Prevailing Market Rate... 798 Compensable Work... 800 Pre-Litigation Work... 801 Litigation Activity... 802
xxviii LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 4TH ED. Quick Cites... 803 Quick Cites... 805 Post-Litigation Activity... 805 Work Before the Agency on Remand... 806 Work on EAJA Fee Application... 806 Fees for Amici... 806 Non-Attorney Work... 807 Other Expenses... 808 Interest on Attorney s Fees... 809 Adequacy of Documentation... 810 Filing the Motion for EAJA Fees... 811 APPENDICES SAMPLE PLEADINGS A. Civil Complaint 1. Complaint Regarding Denial of Form I-129... 815 2. Complaint Regarding Denial of Form I-485 and I-765... 819 3. Complaint Regarding Consular Office Denial of Visa... 823 4. Proof of Service... 831 B. Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus 1. Petition for Arriving Alien Held in Detention... 833 2. Petition Regarding Denial of Bond... 839 3. Petition and Emergency Motion for Stay of Transfer... 845 C. Petition for Writ of Mandamus 1. Mandamus Petition for Failure to Adjudicate Form I-130... 849 D. Petition for Review of Naturalization Application 1. Petition for Review of Citizenship Claim... 855 2. Petition for Review of Denied Naturalization Application (INA 310(c))... 861 3. Motion to Schedule De Novo Hearing... 865 E. Petition for Review of Removal Order 1. Petition for Review Regarding Denial of Cancellation of Removal... 869 2. Petition for Review Regarding Denial of Motion to Reopen... 871 3. Petition for Review Regarding Denial of Reasonable Fear... 873 4. Motion for Stay of Removal... 875
xxix 5. Certificate of Service for Petition of Review... 881 F. FOIA 1. FOIA Request Contact Information... 883 2. FOIA Request... 887 3. FOIA Complaint... 893 G. EAJA Fees 1. Motion for Attorney s Fees... 901 2. EAJA Fee Declaration of Counsel... 907 3. EAJA Fee Declaration Regarding Enhanced Fees... 909 4. Assignment of Interest in Court-Awarded Attorneys Fees... 913