Progressivism Takes Hold American History Chapter 9
Theodore Roosevelt & the Modern Presidency Early Political Career 1880 Graduate of Harvard 1881 Elected to the N.Y. State Assembly 1884 Moved to Dakota Territory to be a Cowboy Death of his Wife and Mother Just Hours apart 1889 Appointed to the U.S. Civil Service Commission 1895 N.Y. City Police Commissioner 1897 Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1898 Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War 1898 Elected Governor of New York 1900 Vice President of the United States
Theodore Roosevelt & the Modern Presidency Roosevelt and McKinley September 14, 1901 McKinley Dies From an Assassin s Bullet Theodore Roosevelt Becomes the Youngest President in our Nation s History (42) Roosevelt Became the Nation s First Modern President Used His Personal Appeal to Bypass Congressional Authority
Roosevelt Presidential Portrait Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt & the Modern Presidency Managing Natural Resources Newlands Reclamation Act Government Paid for Irrigation and Canal Projects Brought Water to Dry Areas of the West Appointed Gifford Pinchot to Head the National Forest Service Stop Lumber Companies From Cutting National Forests Resource Management Scientific Management of Natural Resources
Theodore Roosevelt & the Modern Presidency Managing Natural Resources Roosevelt Added 150 Million Acres to the National Forests Added 5 New National Parks 51 Federal Bird Reservations 4 National Game Preserves Designated 18 Areas of National Interest Including the Grand Canyon
Roosevelt s Conservation Program
Roosevelt & the Modern Presidency Supervising Big Businesses Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) Led to the Formation of Holding Companies 1899 6 Railroad Companies Controlled 95% of the Nations Railroads Battling Monopolies Northern Securities Company (J.P. Morgan) Attempt to Dominate Rail Service Between Chicago and the Pacific 1902 Company was Ruled in Violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act
Theodore Roosevelt & the Modern Presidency Settling Strikes UMW 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike Arbitration 3 rd Party Brought in to Settle the Strike Square Deal Roosevelt Campaign of 1904 Protecting Consumers Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (The Jungle) Pure Food and Drug Act 1906
Theodore Roosevelt & the Modern Presidency
Going Beyond Roosevelt 1908 Roosevelt Chose William Howard Taft as his Successor Taft Lacked the Personal Flair of Roosevelt Twice the Number of Antitrust Suits (Standard Oil, and the American Tobacco Company) Taft Expanded the National Forest Established the Children s Bureau to Protect Children Roosevelt Grew Upset with Taft s Lack of Initiative Roosevelt Sought the Presidency in 1912
Roosevelt and Taft
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson & the New Freedom Wilson s Rise to Power Quiet and Scholarly Son of a Presbyterian Minister Ph.D. From Johns Hopkins University (Poli.Sci.) 16 Years as a College Professor 1902 President of Princeton University Governor of New Jersey Wilson Was Progressive Through and Through Came to Power Through Association With a Political Machine Then Destroyed the Machine
Wilson Scholar & President Woodrow Wilson
The Progressive Party
Woodrow Wilson & the New Freedom Election of 1912 The Republicans The Bull Moose Party The Front-Runners The Trust Issue The Campaign Trail
Election of 1912
Election of 1912 Candidate & Party Vote % Elect. Woodrow Wilson (D) 6,296,547 41.8 435 Theodore Roosevelt (P) 4,118,571 27.4 88 William H. Taft (GoP) 3,486,720 23.2 8 Eugene Debs (S) 900,672 6 0 Eugene Chaflin (Pro) 206,275 1.4 0 Aurthur Reimer (Labor) 28,750.8 0
Woodrow Wilson & the New The New Freedom in Operation Reducing Tariffs Freedom Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 Reforming Banks Federal Reserve System 1913 Regulating Trusts Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 1914 Protecting Workers Tried to end Child Labor Workers compensation
Woodrow Wilson & the New Freedom History of American Tariff Rates
Progressive Issues Trusts and Big Business Meat Packing Industry Women s Rights Child Labor & Education Minority Conditions Tenement Houses Poverty Taxation Conservation Religion Consumerism Union Movement Political Bosses Railroad Reform Tariff Revisions Giant Corporations State & Local Government
Progressive Legislation Date Legislation Purpose 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act Outlawed Monopolies 1902 Reclamation Act Irrigation Projects in the West 1905 U.S. Forest Service Manage Water and Timber Resources 1906 Hepburn Act I.C.C. Had to Approve RR Rate Increases 1906 Pure Food & Drug Act Labeling of Food and Drugs 1906 Meat Inspection Act Federal Inspection of Meat 1913 Dept. of Labor Cabinet Department to protect Workers 1913 16 th Amendment National Income Tax 1913 17 th Amendment Election of U.S. Senators 1916 National Park Service Administration of National Parks 1919 18 th Amendment Prohibition 1920 Woman s Bureau Within the Dept. of Labor to Help Women
The Wilson Administration
Limits To Progressivism African-Americans and Equality Accommodating Racism Booker T. Washington Saw the key to equality as education Emphasized economic equality over racial equality Total equality will come in time through hard work and economic equality Booker T. Washington
Limits To Progressivism Agitating for Equality Leading opponent of Accommodation was William Edward Burghardt Du Bois Du Bois was the first African American to receive his Ph.D. from Harvard In 1909 he founded the NAACP He felt that African Americans should demand total equality at once He directly challenged White domination of society W.E.B. Du Bois
African Americans
Limits To Progressivism Immigrants and the Melting Pot Americanizing the Newcomers Assimilation / Americanization Nativism Eugenics
Limits To Progressivism Imposing Restrictions More than 1 Million immigrants were entering each year after 1880 1911 the Dillingham Commission concluded Congress should limit immigration from eastern and southern Europe 1917 a literacy test was required for immigrants
Immigration
Limits To Progressivism Responding to Nativism Immigrants formed their own social organizations, mutual assistance societies, athletic organizations, churches, and aid societies
Limits To Progressivism Immigrants and Progressive Values Conflicting values caused problems for immigrants Child Labor Consumption of Alcohol by immigrants was opposed by Progressives who supported Prohibition
Limits To Progressivism Workers and Radicals Supporting Unions Progressives supported capitalism Jane Addams supported unions desire for higher wages and a better life for members She also supported shorter hours and a safe workplace
Limits To Progressivism The American Federation of Labor (AFL) By 1904 the AFL represented about 1.5 million workers Leadership within the AFL realized that they needed government support They also mistrusted government for the way strikes were crushed
Limits To Progressivism Radical Labor Organizations Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Formed in Chicago in 1905, they favored Socialism The IWW urged direct confrontation between workers and owners The IWW attracted unskilled workers often ignored by the AFL The IWW was led by William D. (Big Bill) Haywood William D. (Big Bill) Haywood