Background 0 Born Oct 27, 1858 into wealthy family 0 Asthma as a child 0 Harvard at 18 excelled in school and athletics (marksmanship and horseback riding) 0 Wife and mother died 1884 from illness 0 abandoned politics 0 PASSIONATE HUNTER 0 Remarried & had six kids
Political Experience 0 New York Assembly 1882 0 Civil Service commissioner 0 President of NYC Police Board 0 Assistant Secretary to Navy 0 Governor of New York 1898
War Hero and VP 0 1898-Volunteered as commander of 1 st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry (ROUGH RIDERS) 0 http://www.history.com/videos/roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war#roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-americanwar 0 Returned to become Governor of NY 0 Party bosses kicked him upstairs to Vice Presidency 0 Became President after McKinley 0 assassination 1901
Progressive Leaders (Liberals) I. Teddy Roosevelt: 1901 1908 Republican Promised a Square Deal
Square Deal 0 Originated during 1902 Coal Strike in which T.R. was able to end by coming to a Square Deal between the miners and company Term used to describe various progressive reforms sponsored by TR s administration 1. Reform American workplace 2. Initiate welfare legislation 3. Government regulation of industry
Progressive Leaders (Liberals) I. Teddy Roosevelt: 1901 1908 Republican Promised a Square Deal Called the Trustbuster Major Legislative Areas: Pure Food and Drug Act Railroad Trusts/Rebates Conservation Natural Resources Creation of National Parks
Major Legislative Areas 0 Coined the term muckrakers 0 The Jungle by Upton Sinclair TR appointed commission 0 1906 Meat Inspection Act: Dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers & created meat inspection 0 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: Halted sale of contaminated food and medicines and call for truth in labeling 0 Conservation: complete preservation of wilderness 0 Created 5 national parks, 18 National monuments, 51 wildlife refuges
Trustbuster TR Central Belief: Government had the right to regulate big business to protect the welfare of society 0 Legislation: Sherman Antitrust Act 1890 0 Action taken: Waged suit under the Sherman Antitrust Act against Northern Securities Company 0 Action taken: Railroad regulation, strengthen Interstate Commerce Act 0 Legislation: Hepburn Act 1906 (limited distribution of railroad passes aka bribes)
Progressive Leaders (Liberals) I. Teddy Roosevelt: 1901 1908 Republican Promised a Square Deal Called the Trustbuster Major Legislative Areas: Pure Food and Drug Act Railroad Trusts/Rebates Conservation Natural Resources Creation of National Parks Returns to Politics as a Progressive in the election of 1912
President Taft
Progressivism Under Taft I. William H. Taft: 1908 1912 Republican Teddy protégé/anti-progressive Tariff not lowered enough Controversy over Conservation Republican Party Splits Conservatives Taft Progressive T.R./Bull Moose Party
Taft Missteps Conservation Misstep #1 0 Payne-Aldrich Tariff: Compromise that only moderated higher tariffs 0 Progressives upset because Taft ran on platform for lowering tariffs Misstep #2 0 Appointed Richard Ballinger as secretary of Interior 0 Opposed conservation 0 Removed 1million acres of reserved land for public domain 0 Fired T.R. friend Gifford Pinchot (Chief of the United States Forest Service) for publicly attacking Ballinger s actions
Republicans Split at Convention 0 Progressives 0 Conservatives 0 Opposed Taft: 0 Because he signed and defended Payne-Aldrich Tariff: compromise that only moderated higher tariff rates 0 Seemed to oppose conservation 0 Supported conservative boss Joseph Cannon 0 Party: Progressive or Bull Moose Party 0 Supported Taft: 0 Because they oppose Progressivism, Roosevelt & low tariffs 0 Favored business 0 Party: Republican Party
1912 Election 0 Bull Moose Party: Theodore Roosevelt 0 Republican: William Howard Taft 0 Democratic: Woodrow Wilson 0 Socialist: Eugene V. Debs 0 Support gov t regulation to supervise big business 0 Favored big business, break up trusts 0 Supported small business & free market 0 Big business = EVIL, do away with capitalismdistribute wealth
"No one but the President," he said, "seems to be expected... to look out for the general interests of the country."
Wilson s New Freedom 0 New Freedom: Domestic Program aimed at attacking trusts, tariffs, and high finance 0 Wilson s Attack on Trusts/Monopolies 0 Clayton Antitrust Act: Strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act/ prevent corporations from purchasing stock of other companies (if it leads to monopoly) 0 Federal Trade Commission: Watch dog agency was given the power to investigate possible violations by businesses 0 Reform Banking 0 16 th Amendment: Legalized a federal income tax(tax individual earnings and corporate profits) 0 Federal Reserve Act: Decentralized private banking
Women s Suffrage Suffrage: Right to vote Strategies 1. Convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote 2. Pursue court cases testing the 14 th Amendment(African American Suffrage) Key Leaders Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the amendment and first introduced it in 1878 Carrie Chapman Catt 3. Push for national amendment granting women right to vote.
19 th Amendment was finally ratified in1920 and women were given the right to vote
Review 0 4 Goals 0 Protecting Social Welfare 0 Promoting Moral Improvement 0 Creating Economic Reform 0 Fostering Efficiency 0 Amendments that came out of the Progressive Era 0 16 th, 17 th, 18 th, 19th 0 Theodore Roosevelt 0 Square Deal 0 William Howard Taft 0 Split the two parties 0 Woodrow Wilson 0 New Freedom 0 Woman s suffrage 0 Key figures