Ch 6-3 Questions Content Statement/Learning Goal: Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution, French Revolution and Latin American wars for Independence. Napoleon Bonaparte Coup d'état Plebiscite Continental System Nationalism
Ch 6-3 Questions Napoleon Bonaparte: general, Emperor of France; he seized power in a coup d'état in 1799; he led French armies in conquering much of Europe, placing his relatives in positions of power. Defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled on the island of Elba. Coup d'état: stroke of state ; the sudden overthrow of a government by force. Plebiscite: the procedure used to submit the constitution of a new government to the people for a yes-or-no vote. Continental System: the system of commercial blockades of Britain and continental Europe, set in place by Napoleon with the intent of destroying Britain s economy. Nationalism: a sense of pride and devotion to one s nation.
Nothing to do with him
1. Name two famous military feats of Napoleon. -summer of 1793 French are fighting for the vital French port of Toulon. French Captain was injured. Napoleon devises a plan to retake port with 80 canons. Victorious. Shows Napoleon s military genius. Within 20 years he would rule much of Europe. -1795 Napoleon faced off against some Royalists trying to regain power in Paris. -He uses heavy artillery to shoot into the crowd, and is successful. -put in charge of defending the French interior, he was only 26 years old. -Next year Directory puts him in control of invading Italy -Troops were not slowed down by supply train, therefore could strike quickly -Won battles against Austrians and Italians, kept borders secure and won territory for France. -Turned attention to Egypt, wanted to disrupt trade between Britain and India -Napoleon s forces quickly defeat Egypt s Ottoman defenders -However, British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats Napoleon badly at Battle of the Nile. -Napoleon covers up the loss at the Battle of the Nile by leaving his army under the control of another officer. He sails back to France and over exaggerates his success.
2. How did Napoleon gain political control of France? -Napoleon s ambitions continued to grow -Directory had turned weak and ineffective -there was fear royalists would attempt to place a monarchy in power -group of armed supporters of Napoleon surround Directory and force them to hand over power Napoleon -coup d état: forced transfer of power 1799 Established The Consulate, a parliamentary democracy, in 1800 through referendum. Napoleon head of government. -plebiscite: a question put before all voters, Do you want France to be an empire? YES! 1804 -Napoleon becomes a dictator. Emperor Napoleon I
3. Why did France, who hated a king, welcome a new dictator? -People of France were exhausted by the chaos of the Revolution and constant warfare -French people craved order and stability which Napoleon promised. -People were willing to give up some freedoms as long as Napoleon could bring peace, prosperity, and order to France. Napoleon promised to uphold some key revolutionary reforms. -Napoleon moves quickly to expand the French Empire.
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4.What happened to the French territories in North America? -Napoleon wanted to rule Europe and extend his power to the Americas. -France held territories in Americas including Louisiana, Florida, and Haiti. -Uprising in Haiti, France attempts to set it down and is a disaster. -France gives up lands in North America. Sells Louisiana to U.S.; focuses on Europe.
5.What is the Continental System? Why did Napoleon use it? -a naval blockade planned to hurt British economy. Forbid anybody in France or allied with France from trading with the British. -called Continental System because attempting to cut Britain off from Continent of Europe. Nation of shopkeepers, Great Britain continued to defy Napoleon. Mercantilism. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Britain required ships from neutral countries to stop in British ports for permission to trade with France in retaliation to Continental System. War of 1812 one result. Impressment
6.What lands did France control from the success of the Napoleonic and Peninsular Wars? Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars that were an extension of fighting that happened during the French Revolution. Lasted until 1815. At war for more than a decade. -France s boundaries expand greatly during this time, but empire falls apart quickly. -Great Britain biggest enemy; worked against the expansion of the French Empire. -Napoleon had hoped to invade Britain, but was never able to. -He put his relatives in power in the areas he controlled to help him govern.
6.What lands did France control from the success of the Napoleonic and Peninsular Wars? Peninsular Wars: began due to Portuguese refusal to comply with the Continental System -Portugal depended on trade with British; French send forces to Iberian Peninsula to force compliance. France easily takes over Spain. -Spain resented foreign rule, start revolt in 1808 and are aided by British. -Bloody guerilla battles ensue, many innocent Spanish civilians are killed, France eventually withdraws. -LANDS TAKEN OVER BY NAPOLEON: Only nations free from France s control were Great Britain, Sweden, Portugal, and Ottoman Empire. Map p. 214
7.What reforms did Napoleon enforce in the Church, economy, legal and education? Religion: -People despised the anti-religious nature of the French Revolution -Napoleon makes an agreement with pope, Concordat, stating most French were Roman Catholics. -religious toleration was adhered to, Church regains no control in government. Economic: -Established Bank of France and efficient tax collection system
7.What reforms did Napoleon enforce in the Church, economy, legal and education? Legal and Education Reforms: -Created Napoleonic Code: -Napoleonic Code: made laws uniform across the nation and eliminated injustices. Promoted order and authority over individual rights. -Freedom of speech was restricted by censors who banned books and newspapers for certain content. -Denied rights for women -established educational system for society. Large networks of High Schools and Universities
8.What is the legacy of Napoleon? -ensured some basic ideas of the Revolution would remain part of the French government. -Time frame is known as Age of Napoleon -included democratic ideas that included equality before the law and a representative system of government. -Helped fuel spread of nationalism for French people