Warm-up for 20-1 Video warm-up How do you react when you meet someone with very different views from your own? Do you engage them in dialogue? How might these people be treated?
soldiers faced unemployment, or took jobs away from others wartime orders diminished slowing the economy nativism- prejudice against foreign-born people (swept the nation) isolationism- policy of pulling away from world affairs
Communism economic & political system based on a single-party govt. ruled by a dictatorship (govt. put an end to private property, took ownership of factories & businesses) Vladimir I. Lenin & the Bolsheviks (majority) est. Communist state Reds goal to abolish capitalism everywhere (Karl Marx; The Communist Manifesto- class struggle throughout history) panic in U.S. called the Red Scare (1919-1921)
Palmer Raids raids by attorney general Mitchell Palmer & J Edgar Hoover to hunt down Communist, socialist, & anarchists- opposed any form of govt. (hundreds deported w/o trials)
Sacco and Vanzetti most famous victims of the Red Scare Italian anarchists charged w/ robbery & murder (1920) evidence was circumstantial & had alibis found guilty, both electrocuted to death (1927)
CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE Circumstantial evidence is best explained by saying what it is not - it is not direct evidence from a witness who saw or heard something. Circumstantial evidence is a fact that can be used to infer another fact. Example- If a man accused of embezzling money from his company had made several big-ticket purchases in cash around the time of the alleged embezzlement, that would be circumstantial evidence that he had stolen the money. The law makes no distinction between the weight given to either direct or circumstantial evidence.
Immigration need for unskilled labor in the U.S. decreased after the war some involved in post war labor disputes were anarchists & socialists KKK rose again from Red Scare & antiimmigration feelings (opposed unions, saloons, foreign born, Roman Catholics, & Jews) Emergency Quota Act of 1921 quota system-set limits on how many immigrants from various countries will be admitted each year prohibited Japanese immigration- (against Gentlemen s Agreement 1907) did not apply to immigrants from the W hemisphere
Labor Unrest (3 post war strikes -1919) Coal Miners (more successful than others) John L. Lewis- leader of the United Mine Workers of America 27% wage increase for miners Boston Police representatives fired for asking for a raise striking officers were fired and replaced Steel Mill companies used propaganda & linked strikers to Communism companies eventually agreed to an 8 hr. workday, but no union until 1942 Union membership declines in the 1920 s 1. workforce was immigrants willing to work in poor conditions 2. difficulty organizing immigrants (different languages) 3. farmers who had migrated to city used to relying on themselves 4. most unions excluded African Americans
Warm-up for 20-2 Video warm-up
Warren G. Harding- 29 th President (1921-1923) Republican Struggles for Peace Charles Evans Hughes-Sect. of State - urged no more warships built for 10yrs *1 st time in history powerful nations agreed to disarm conflict arose when U.S. wanted $ lent to GB & FR during the war Fordney-McCumber Tariff- raised taxes on imports to protect U.S. businesses (made impossible for GB & FR to sell enough goods to repay debt) GB & FR turned to Germany for reparations- they default Dawes Plan- U.S. loaned Germany $ to repay GB & FR (U.S. repaid w/ its own $, but benefits by making $ on the interest of the loan)
Domestically favored a limited role of govt. in business affairs & in social reform Bureau of Budget-ran govt. more effective & urged US steel to abandon 12hr day Nan Britton - had an affair w/ President Harding Scandal Ohio Gang- group of close friends & political supporters appointed to cabinet gang used office to become wealthy through graft (political influence for personal gain)
Teapot Dome Scandal Sect. of Interior Albert Fall s secret leasing of oil-rich public land to private companies in return for $ & land *Fall is the 1 st American convicted of a felony while holding a cabinet post August 2, 1923, Harding dies suddenly (heart attack or stroke) VP Coolidge finished term & was elected P in 1924 restoring faith in the R party
Warm-up for 20-3 What products do you use that make your lives easier? Try to imagine life without basic electrical appliances and communication devices.
Calvin Coolidge- 30 th President (1923-1929) Republican Pro-business The man who builds a factory builds a temple-the man who works there worships there. favored govt. policies that kept taxes down & business profits up high tariffs on imports helped US manufacturers flourish
Automobile changed American landscape (4) 1. construction of paved roads (route 66) 2. new houses equipped w/ a garage & driveway 3. construction of gas stations, repair shops, motels, & shopping centers 4. liberated isolated Americans (vacations, freedom, distance from work) urban sprawl- unplanned spreading of cities into surrounding regions automobile becomes a status symbol (by the late 1920 s 80% of all registered cars were in the U.S.) Inside of 1923 Model T
Airplane transatlantic flights by Lindbergh & Earhart promoted commercial airlines Pan American Airways- founded in 1927-1 st transatlantic passenger flights in 1939
Standard of Living average income rose more than 35% (Americans owned 40% of world s wealth) electricity used to run factories & machines (refrigerators, toasters) alternating electric current distributed power over long distances (suburbs) advertising becomes big business She was a beautiful girl and talented too. She had the advantages of education and better clothes than most girls of her set. She possessed that culture and poise that travel brings. Yet in the one pursuit that stands foremost in the mind of every girl and womanmarriage- she was a failure. Listerine Advertisement
Superficial Prosperity income gap between workers & managers grew as businesses grew farmers were producing more food than they needed, which drove down prices installment plan- payment over extended period w/ little down payment banks provided $ at low interest rates (like credit cards) people caught up in the moment, not concerned w/ the future