1920s: Rise of Dictators
I. Totalitarian States A. New form of dictatorship B. Governments controlled all parts of citizens lives 1. Used propaganda to control what people thought C. single political party (group that has a common belief about government) with a single leader D. No individual freedoms 1. Collective good is more important than individuals 2. promised to serve people better than democracy and defense against communism
The state controlled all parts of people s lives
The state controlled all parts of people s lives To have control over the youth is to have control over the future.
II. Fascism in Italy A. First fascist government 1. Early 1920s 2. Created by Benito Mussolini Il Duce = the leader B. State is more important than individuals C. Strong central government with one dictator D. Fascists supported Mussolini against communists 1. Used Black Shirts to enforce E. Outlawed all opposition
III. Basic Elements of Fascism A. together we are stronger individually we are weak 1. collective group more important than individual B. authoritarian government = people don t control C. Messiah complex present self as a god-like D. against the other = undesirable group 1. nationalist in favor of the nation over others 2. promote as having superior ideas E. use force or violence to intimidate 1. often has uniforms
IV. Soviet Union Under Stalin A. Early 1920s millions died during famine 1. 1924 Vladimir Lenin died Joseph Stalin took complete control B. 1928 First Five Year Plan 1. Set of economic goals 2. Emphasized industrialization 3. Increased output of heavy machinery, oil, and steel
C. Collectivized agriculture 1. Government took over ownership of private farms D. People that resisted were sent to Gulags, Siberia, or executed
V. Adolf Hitler A. In his youth, developed ideas that guided him 1. Belief in greatness of German nation 2. Increased racism, especially anti-semitism (Jews) 3. Need for struggle Social Darwinism / survival of the fittest B. 1921 control of National Socialist German Workers Party Nazi 1. Used the SA / Storm Troopers / Brown Shirts to enforce C. Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in jail 1. statement of his basic ideas
Whose idea is it? Hitler Der Fuehrer Mussolini Il Duce
Whose idea is it? Nazi salute Roman soldiers salute Caesar - Mussolini
Whose idea is it? Military thugs to enforce Mussolini s Black Shirts
Whose idea is it? Hitler Youth Mussolini Youth
Whose idea is it? Aryan race descended from Greeks and Romans From area between Iran and India Indo-Iranian
Whose idea is it? Swastika Sanskrit lucky or of special importance Buddhist symbol of eternity Roman Empire
Political Spectrum Political Idea Board taxes property ownership business regulations individual rights religion family media less government involvement economic political social culture more government involvement
Cult of Personality
Cult of Personality 1. What is a cult? 2. What is personality?
Cult of Personality 1. What is a cult? Group of people that demonstrate excessive loyalty or devotion to a person or idea 2. What is personality? Pattern of thinking that forms who we are as a person
Cult of Personality 3. List the people in the song. 4. What do they have in common?
Cult of Personality 5. Define cult of personality. 6. Cite evidence from the text.
Cult of Personality An individual that uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods to create an idealized, heroic, and (at times) worshipful image; often through unquestioning flattery and praise
Cult of Personality 7. How does a cult of personality leader gain power? 8. Cite evidence from the lyrics.
Rise of Nazism
I. Hitler s Power A. Need to gain power through elections 1. Largest party in Reichstag (German parliament) B. Economic problems helped Nazi s rise to power - 4.35 million (1931) to 6 million (1932) unemployed
C. Enabling Act (1933) gave government power to ignore constitution for 4 years to solve country s problems 1. Brought all parts of life under Nazi control 2. SS (Schutzstaffel = protection squadron) secret police to create terror 3. Germans took loyalty oath to the Fuehrer (leader)
II. The Nazi State A. Hitler s goal: develop state of Aryans to dominate Europe Aryan Nazis used to mean ancient Greeks, Romans, modern Germans and Scandinavians B. Third Reich (Empire) 1. 1 st Holy Roman Empire - 900s early 1800s 2. 2 nd Germany until WWI - 1871-1918
C. Economic Policies 1. Public works working for the government 2. Rearmament making weapons 3. People supported Hitler because economy improved a. Unemployment went down 1934 = 2.6 million, 1937 = 500,000 D. Propaganda 1. Mass demonstrations (Ex: Nuremberg rallies) created excitement for Nazi party 2. Used in churches, schools, Hitler Youth