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Page 3 Key Words 4 A World Divided 7 How Do We Measure Development? 8 Development More Than Mere Economics Adult Literacy 9 How Does The Development Gap Grow? 10 The Cycle Of Hunger 11 Fairtrade 13 Aid What Is It? Does It Work? 15 Can We Measure How Happy We Are? 2 P age
Borrowed Calories Climate Colonies Development Diseases Doctors Economic Expectancy Ghana Infant Life Literacy Poorer Population Richer Sustainable Wars Use the words from the wordsearch to complete the sentences below: 1. MEDCs are then LEDCs 2. is an example of a LEDC, so it is than the UK 3. Some countries are poor because many years ago they were of richer countries like the UK, Germany, Italy and France 4. Some countries are poor because they have a bad. It might be too hot, too cold, too wet or too dry 5. Some countries are poor because they have lots of money and have to pay it back 6. cost a lot of money and so they can make a country poorer 7. How many people eat in a day, how many there are every 1000 people and what people s life is, are all ways of telling how a country is 8. If you drink dirty water you could get 9. means to do with money 10. The mortality in a country tells you how many children dies before they get to five years old 11. Most people in poorer countries have a worse quality of then people in richer countries 12. If a country want to develop it should make sure that it is going the best thing for the people and the environment by developing in a way 3 P age
There have been a number of ways experts have tried to divide up the work in ways of wealth or abilities. One of the earliest ways resulted in this map but was a method was devised by Western Europe: Europeans saw themselves as the first world. The wealthier regions which they colonised, such as North America and Australia, were referred to as second world. Poorer countries were then grouped together as the third world. Describe the distribution of the first, second and third world countries In 1981, a report was published about global development. It was called the Brandt Report and it showed a divided world. A wealthy North controlled 80% of the world s wealth, and a poor South only 20%. The map shows this divide: Describe the pattern made by the North/South divide - Can you see anything odd about the shape of the line? 4 P a g e
The development indicator used to create this map was GNP (Gross National Product) per capita. In its simplest form, GNP measures the value of goods and services a country s populace produced within a year, regardless of their location. Why do you think this indicator has decreased in popularity? Study the two maps on the previous page. Compare and contrast the patters on the two maps and discuss below: 5 P age
The map below shows the real GDP per capita in countries around the world. GDP includes all the goods and services produced in a country over a set period of time, usually quarterly or annually. This number will initially indicate the counties economic wealth. Although widely still accepted, many bodies have rejected the indicator and use alternate formulas to measure economic wellbeing, due to its weighty flaws. GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the GDP of a county by its total populace and so theoretically the amount of money each individual has to live on in that particular country. Thereby giving a better idea of living standards compared to GDP alone. No Data No Data $5-10,000 6,500-3,000 $30,000+ 19,000 $3-5,000 3,000-1,500 $20-30,000 12,500 19,000 $1-3,000 1,500-500 $10-20,000 12,500-6,500 $0-1,000 0-500 Use the data on the map to answer the following questions; you may need an atlas to help you locate some of the countries: The UK has a real GDP per capita of US$ Ghana has a real GDP per capita of US$ Brazil has a real GDP per capita of US$ Japan has a real GDP per capita of US$ Three countries where people live on less than 6,500 are:, and Three countries where people love on 1,500-500 are:, and 6 P age
What Do You Need To Survival? Add to the spider diagram five things you consider essential for your survival. Rank these in their order of importance (1 being the most important) Ask ten people in your class what they consider essential for their survival and add it to the tally chart below (you may need to add a couple more rows different items): Items First Second Third 7 P age Abraham Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in 1943. His hierarchy suggests people needs to fulfil basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. How do the needs of the class compare with those of Maslow s ideas?
Read through the definitions below. Match them up with the keywords and colour code then to show whether they are economic or social: Primary Employment; Birth Rate; Infant Mortality; Life Expectancy; GDP; Death Rate; Energy Per Person; Food Intake; GDP Per Capita; Literacy Rate; People Per Doctor The total of all money produced per year by a country s workers The wealth shared out equally among all the people of a country The number of births per year per 1000 people The number of deaths per year per 1000 people Economic Social The average number of years a person can expect to live The percentage of people in the country employed in primary occupations The number of children per year out of every 1000 born alive that die before they reach the age of one The amount of energy which each person in the country uses per year Number of patients divided by number of doctors Number of adults who can read and write in every 100 people Number of kilocalories (kcals) each person in the country takes each day This is the percentage of adults in a country who can read and write The table below shows the adult literacy of five countries. In the last column write whether you think the country is more (MEDC) or less (LEDC) developed: Country Percentage Of Adult Literacy MEDC Or LEDC? Egypt 51 Ghana 64 Peru 88 Australia 99 America 99 8 P age
Use the information in the table to complete the graph: 30% 20% 10% 0% Physical and human factures can make the gap between richer and poorer countries wider: Environmental Factors These include natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and hurricanes. Poor countries tend to suffer most as they lack the money to prepare for and recover from them Economic Factors These include things like trade. Countries tend to buy in goods and services they don t have enough of, or they can buy more cheaply from elsewhere Political Factors In Zimbabwe, the government s redistribution of land from white farmers to the majority black population aimed to close the development gap there. It had the opposite effect, as the land was given to supporters with little farming experience. The crop production collapsed, the economy failed and many Zimbabweans had to rely on international food aid 9 P age
Each of the statements below explain why some countries are less developed than others. Draw a line from each statement to the factor which best describes it: It is mostly stony desert It has plenty of copper to export but the price of copper has fallen sharply over the years It was a British colony for more than fifty years It is really mountainous and hard to reach A tribal war has been going on there for years The people who colonised it built no factories Millions of people are suffering from AIDS There are few schools so people can t learn the skills the country needs It suffers serious flooding almost every year Bacteria and viruses that cause diseases love its warm damp climate In the past, several million of its healthy adults were sold as slaves A small group of people owns most of its wealth Other countries refuse to trade with it, because of its politics It has to repay millions of dollars a year on loans ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICAL ECONOMIC Eight million people go to bed hungry every night. Imagine you are a young farmer in a poor country where the climate it hot and dry, and the rain unreliable. You like to work hard. You have many ideas for improving your farm. But you still go to bed hungry every night. How does it happen? To see how, complete this vicious circle on the next page by writing the statements in the correct boxes in the circle. One has been done for you: and there is not even enough to feed your family which means you can t sell any crops, as you d planned. Soon you don t have enough energy to work hard Instead you store them away, eating very sparingly every day. and since you didn t sell crops, you have no money for tools or fertiliser either. So you just poke holes in the hard ground with a stick, and plant seeds for next year. So your crops grow weak and stunted And once again the wet season arrives but there is not enough rain. So every day you and your family feel a little hungrier. 10 P age
The Fairtrade Foundation is committed to tackling poverty and injustice through trade. The Foundation works with businesses, civil society organisations and individuals to help producers achieve sustainable improvements for their members and communities. Principal tools to reach the development goals are certification and product labelling through the FAIRTRADE Mark. Fairtrade is about better prices, improved working conditions, sustainability and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers. By calling for companies to pay justifiable prices (which must always be above market price), Fairtrade addresses the unfairness of conventional trade, which traditionally favours against the poorest, weakest producers. It allows them to have control over their own lives and to be able to improve their positions. There are over 3,000 are Fairtrade certified and for sale in the UK. The UK market is doubling in value every two years; in 2007 it reached a retail value of 493 million. The UK is the world s leading Fairtrade market with an estimated 20% of roast and ground coffee, and 20% of bananas sold being Fairtrade. Other products include: Cocoa Fruit Vegetables Dried Fruit Honey Juices Nuts Nut Oil Seeds Seed Oil Quinoa Rice Spices Sugar Tea Wine Beauty Products 11 P age Cotton Cut Flowers Ornamental Plants Sports Balls
Draw a line linking the person to the correct speech bubble. Do you think they are a winner or loser in this system? Shopper Now I can get on with growing coffee, without worrying about my family staving By buying coffee beans directly we make sure the growers get a fair price Supermarket Manager Fairtrade Worker We make a fair profit on the coffee, so we re happy to sell it I feel better about drinking coffee that gives the growers a fair deal Coffee Grower Oxfam says poor countries should be given help so they can build factories. They could make instant coffee in their own factories. They d make more money this way, because you can sell the instant coffee for a lot more than the beans themselves. Complete the sentences in these boxes: If poor countries have their own instant coffee factories They can make their own They can sell this for more And they can use the extra money to 12 P age
Give A Man A Fish And He Will Feed His Family For A Day Give A Man A Net And He Will Feed His Family For Life How can we help those less fortunate that ourselves? There are many different types of aid which can help others: Aid Official Aid Voluntary Aid Official And Voluntary Directly Indirectly Non- Governmental Emergency Development Conditional Multilateral The basic aim of giving aid is to help poor countries develop their economies and to improve services in order to raise their standards of living and quality of life. In reality, however, it is far more complex and controversial. 13 P age
Overseas Aid: Official Aid: Paid for by the taxpayers in donor countries and administrated by governments Voluntary Aid: Money raised by independent organisations and private donors. Conditional Aid: This is when one country donates money or resources to another country but with conditions attached This will often work in the MEDCs favour. E.g. The recipient has to give building contracts to, or buy goods from the donor country. Through this many recipients fall into further debt when attempting to make repayments. Aid has been withheld from countries which donors regard as being undemocratic or has a poor human rights record. Multilateral Aid: That which is given to several countries by international Organisations. E.g. The World Bank, The International Monetary Fund, The United Nations and The E.U. Theoretically here should be no ties with this aid, but these organisations have withheld aid from non- democratically elected governments. Emergency Aid: This is an immediate or short- term disaster relief for natural disasters or human induced disasters. This relief can be in forms of money, food, medicines, etc. Development Aid: These are longer- term development programmes usually involving local communities in education and skills for sustainable development. Gifts such as these sold through charities such as Oxfam are great help and well received. Non- Governmental Aid: These try to direct money generated by charities at the poor, local counties and the environment. Money is given, with no ties, to specific projects in poor countries. Projects are usually small and sustainable and use appropriate technology. Does aid work? This is a question which is often asked particularly in the face of natural disasters. While some argue against emergency aid, claiming its too little, too late, other forms of aid are more controversial. Some consider no non- emergency aid should be given, especially as it is usually given in political, industrial and commercial interests of the donor country, without concern for the environment, and does little to improve the long- term quality of life in the recipient country. On the next are some of the pro and anti- aid arguments. Highlight which ones you think support aid and which are against it: 14 P age
Emergency aid in times of disasters saves lives Projects that develop clear water and sanitation provisions can lead to improved health and living standards Aid can increase dependency of LEDCs n donor countries. Sometimes aid is not a gift, but a loan, and poor countries my struggle to repay Encouraging aid investments in jobs and industrial development can create jobs and improve transport infrastructure Sometime projects don t benefit smaller farmers. Projects are often large scale and are often run by foreign companies Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment can improve health and standard of living FOR AID AGAINST AID Aid can put political or economic pressure on the receiving country Aid for agriculture can help increase food production and so improve quality and quantity of food Aid helps to rebuild housing and livelihoods after a disaster Inappropriate projects my lead to food and water costing more. Projects may put resources under the control of foreign countries Aid may not reach the people who need it most. Corruption may lead to politicians using aid for their own means and gains Aid can support countries in developing their natural resources and power to improve economic income Infrastructure project may end up not favouring people in greatest need. It may benefit the employers and not employees 15 P age