Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education *7762547120* GEOGRAPHY 0460/11 Paper 1 May/June 2016 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Calculator 1 hour 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Answer three questions, one from each section. The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 5 and Fig. 11 for Question 6. The Insert is not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Definitions MEDCs More Economically Developed Countries LEDCs Less Economically Developed Countries The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate. This document consists of 35 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (KN/CGW) 114940/5 [Turn over
2 Section A Answer one question from this section. QUESTION 1 1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the number of immigrants to Mexico (an LEDC) in 2011. USA 68 351 Canada 13 579 Europe 61 840 Asia 35 280 MEXICO Caribbean 17 043 South America 71 786 Africa 1796 Other parts of Central America 31 110 Fig. 1 (i) Put the following continents in rank order according to their number of migrants into Mexico. Asia Europe South America 1 st... highest 2 nd... 3 rd... lowest [1] (ii) Identify the following: a country in North America with over 60000 migrants to Mexico in 2011;... the number of migrants to Mexico from other parts of Central America in 2011.... [2]
3 (iii) Give three difficulties which international migrants may experience when settling in a new country. 1... 2... 3... [3] (iv) Suggest ways in which Mexico will have benefitted from receiving international migrants....[4] [Turn over
4 (b) Study Fig. 2, which shows information about migration between Mexico (an LEDC) and the USA (an MEDC). 4 4 number of migrants (millions) 3 2 3 2 number of migrants (millions) 1 1 0 Mexico to USA USA to Mexico Mexico to USA USA to Mexico 0 1995 to 2000 2005 to 2010 Fig. 2 (i) Using Fig. 2, compare the pattern of migration between Mexico and the USA during the periods 1995 2000 and 2005 2010. Include statistics in your answer....[3]
5 (ii) Describe the pull factors of an MEDC, such as the USA, for migrants from LEDCs....[5] [Turn over
6 (c) For a named country you have studied, describe and explain the problems caused by underpopulation. Name of country...........................................................................[7] END OF QUESTION 1 [Total: 25 marks]
7 TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2 [Turn over
8 QUESTION 2 2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows a coastal area in an MEDC. Key contours at 100 metre intervals 100 10 water depth (metres) mud at low water secondary roads railways urban areas village main roads rivers cliffs sand 20 10 N sea S 100 R 100 20 10 200 100 100 100 100 P 100 10 20 ferry Q sea 200 300 100 100 0 5 km Fig. 3
9 (i) Give one reason why ports developed at P and Q....[1] (ii) Suggest why the port at P has declined in importance in the last fifty years, whilst the port at Q has increased in importance....[2] (iii) Settlements R and S were both villages one hundred years ago. Using Fig. 3, suggest reasons why R remained a village whilst S grew into a tourist resort....[3] (iv) Settlement P is now an industrial town. Explain two different reasons for the growth of this function at settlement P. 1... 2... [4] [Turn over
10 (b) Study Fig. 4, which shows information about two rural settlements in Malta (an MEDC in Europe). N Ghajn Tuffieha N Fomm ir-rih Key building field boundaries roads 0 200 metres 400 Fig. 4
11 (i) Compare the shape and size of the two rural settlements, Ghajn Tuffieha and Fomm ir-rih....[3] (ii) Explain the factors which influence the sites of rural settlements....[5] [Turn over
12 (c) For a named settlement you have studied, describe and explain the service provision. Name of settlement..............................................................................[7] [Total: 25 marks] END OF QUESTION 2
13 TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 3 [Turn over
14 Section B Answer one question from this section. QUESTION 3 3 (a) Study Fig. 5, which shows the location of earthquakes in central and southern Asia between 1900 and 2012. 60 N 80 E N 90 E Russia 100 E 110 E 120 E 0 1000 2000 km 50 N Kazakhstan Mongolia 50 N 40 N 40 N China 30 N 20 N 10 N India Maldives Nepal Area X Sri Lanka Bhutan Bangladesh Myanmar Laos Thailand Cambodia Vietnam Malaysia Key Earthquake magnitude (Richter scale) 6.0 6.4 6.5 7.4 7.5 8.4 8.5 and over subduction zone (destructive plate boundary) Laos country 80 E 90 E 100 E Fig. 5 110 E 120 E (i) What does the Richter scale measure?...[1] (ii) On Fig. 5, label the following: an earthquake with a magnitude 8.5 or higher (label with A); an earthquake of a magnitude less than 6.5 in India (label with B). [2]
15 (iii) Describe the distribution of earthquakes in Mongolia between 1900 and 2012....[3] (iv) Explain why the area labelled X on Fig. 5 has experienced many earthquakes....[4] [Turn over
16 (b) Study Fig. 6, which shows information about an earthquake. epicentre seismic waves focus fault Fig. 6 (i) Define the following terms: focus;... epicentre;... seismic waves.... [3]
17 (ii) Describe the effects on people of a powerful earthquake....[5] [Turn over
18 (c) Many people live in areas where there are likely to be earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. For a named area you have studied, describe the opportunities provided by volcanoes. Name of area...........................................................................[7] [Total: 25 marks] END OF QUESTION 3
19 TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 4 [Turn over
20 QUESTION 4 4 (a) Study Fig. 7, which shows the location of areas of Equatorial climate. Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Key Equatorial climate Fig. 7 (i) Name an area of Equatorial climate....[1] (ii) Using Fig. 7, describe the global distribution of the Equatorial climate....[2]
21 (iii) Describe and explain the main characteristics of the Equatorial climate. A Description...[3] B Explanation...[4] [Turn over
(b) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about deforestation of tropical rainforests. 22 DEFORESTATION sun-baked soil loss of shade burning less evapotranspiration flooding leaching and erosion leaf litter destroyed less precipitation topsoil lost micro-organisms lost increased drought reduced plant growth degraded vegetation Fig. 8 (i) Using Fig. 8 only, explain how deforestation damages local ecosystems....[3]
23 (ii) Explain how deforestation of tropical rainforests can have global effects on the natural environment....[5] [Turn over
24 (c) Another climatic zone is the hot desert. For a named area of hot desert you have studied, explain why the climate is hot and dry. Name of hot desert...........................................................................[7] END OF QUESTION 4 [Total: 25 marks]
25 TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 5 [Turn over
26 Section C Answer one question from this section. QUESTION 5 5 (a) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about GNP per capita and access to clean water in ten LEDCs. 100 90 Guatemala Sri Lanka Jamaica El Salvador Algeria Indonesia population with access to clean water (percentage) 80 70 Senegal Laos Afghanistan 60 Ethiopia 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 GNP per capita (US$ 000) 6 7 8 9 10 Fig. 9 (i) Identify the country with a GNP per capita of US$7500 and 90% of the population with access to clean water.... [1] (ii) Describe the general relationship between GNP per capita and the percentage of the population with access to clean water. Use statistics in your answer....[2]
27 (iii) State three ways in which people obtain water in LEDCs. 1... 2... 3... [3] (iv) Explain why providing a reliable supply of clean water may increase life expectancy....[4] [Turn over
28 (b) Study Photographs A and B (Insert), which show the Maguga Dam in Swaziland (an LEDC in Africa). (i) Describe three features of the Maguga Dam. 1... 2... 3... [3] (ii) Explain why dam building schemes are important to the economies of LEDCs....[5]
29 (c) For a named area you have studied, state an economic activity which takes place which threatens the natural environment and explain how these threats are being managed. Name of area... Economic activity........................................................................[7] [Total: 25 marks] END OF QUESTION 5 [Turn over
30 QUESTION 6 6 (a) Study Fig. 10, which shows information about an agricultural system. INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS Natural Crops soil ploughing wheat rain planting warmth spraying potatoes land harvesting Economic Animal products labour feeding meat MARKET machinery milking milk seeds breeding wool fertiliser buildings Human PROFIT Fig. 10 (i) What is meant by processes in an agricultural system?...[1] (ii) Identify from Fig. 10: an output of an arable farm;... an output of a pastoral farm.... [2]
31 (iii) Suggest the likely advantages to a farmer of mixed farming....[3] (iv) Using examples of different land uses, explain how relief influences farmers decisions....[4] [Turn over
32 (b) Study Fig. 11 (Insert), which shows information about land use in Pakistan (an LEDC in Asia). (i) Compare the land use to the east and west of the Indus river....[3] (ii) Suggest reasons why some rice farmers in countries such as Pakistan are commercial farmers while others are subsistence farmers....[5]
33 (c) For a named country or region you have studied, describe the effects of food shortages on the people who live there. Name of country or region...........................................................................[7] END OF QUESTION 6 [Total: 25 marks]
34 Additional Pages If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown...............................................................................
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