1 2 3 4 CH. 8: GROWTH OF A NATIONAL ECONOMY 1790-1850 Mr. Anderson, M.Ed., J.D. Review Who was John Marshall? Which president appointed him? What is he best remembered for? The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Quick review: started in Britain in the early 1700 s w/ changes in textile industry. Spread around the world allowing production of products by machinery rather than people and animals Steam shovel, steamboat, muskets, interchangeable parts, cotton mills, canning factories, internal combustion engine, and THE COTTON GIN (Eli Whitney of New Haven, CT patented it in 1794) Samuel Slater (later emigrated - 1789 - to the US from Britain): developed textile mills using steam power ú cotton would become KING in the south after this invention The Industrial Revolution (con t.) Led to a revolution in travel and communication Roads, canals, rivers, railroads, postal service, led to Americans with the ability to read information previously unattainable since mail incl.: newspapers, magazines, & books 5 The Industrial Revolution (con t.) It also led to a stronger economy: Manufacturing - USE OF WATER POWER (New England colonies) Shopping Specialization Role of banks changed: THEY PROVIDED CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENTS 1
Role of banks changed: THEY PROVIDED CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENTS ú Bank notes (free enterprise system) 6 Differences in the North and South Sections 2 & 3 North New England, NY, NJ & PA OH, MI, WI, MN Farming & Industries Cities growing (pop. outgrowing avail. land) Products from industries incl.: Coal-mining, furniture, clocks, glass, tinware, carpet, bricks, shoes, ships, lumber, iron, leather, textiles, muskets South DE, MD, VA, WV, NC, SC, GA KY, TN, AL, MS, MO, LA, TX, AR King Cotton, tobacco, cattle, lumber, textiles, mining, rice & sugar cane, lumber, grain, iron & steel Slavery System 7 Slave Revolts Vesey and Turner Denmark Vesey Charleston, SC self educated won freedom with $600.00 street lottery 35 hanged Nat Turner - Virginia; divine inspiration killed > 50 whites 20 hanged Results of these two uprisings: Harsher slave laws cannot teach slaves to read, meet or move freely 8 Notable Supreme Court Decisions Section 4 Chief Justice John Marshall strengthened the federal government s role in the nation s economy: 2
Chief Justice John Marshall strengthened the federal government s role in the nation s economy: Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)- states cannot interfere with private contracts ( stability to the economy by encouraging growth) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)- 2 nd bank of the US (held up implied powers of the Constitution) Congress did have the authority to charter the bank Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)- gave the federal government the power to regulate all interstate commerce Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1832) domestic, dependent nation, rather than a sovereign nation - Art. III 9 10 Monroe Doctrine 1823 Short term-effects: U.S. would not get involved in internal affairs of European countries, nor would it take sides in wars among them U.S. recognized all countries in the western hemisphere and would not interfere with them in any way U.S. would not permit any more colonization of the western hemisphere Any attempt by a European power to do so would result in hostile action by U.S. Monroe Doctrine (con t) Long term effects: The Roosevelt Corollary (1904); Dollar Diplomacy (Taft); The Good Neighbor Policy; The Truman Doctrine; The Domino Theory; The Nixon Doctrine; The Reagan Doctrine; The Bush Doctrine 3
The Bush Doctrine 11 Presidential Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson (Man of the People Old Hickory ), John Quincy Adams (Experienced Diplomat), John Calhoun (Champion of the South) and Henry Clay (Passionate Orator) The Corrupt Bargain Jackson won most electoral college votes, but not a majority Const. says House must decide Clay used his influence as speaker of the House to swing enough votes to give Adams the victory Jackson denied win 12 13 14 15 Jacksonian Democracy (1829-1837) Section 5 The Spoils System: patronage is official policy of his administration jobs to friends & supporters Believed in limited government: vetoed a lot of laws that he agreed with but disagreed with how it should be done Believed in State s rights - they could nullify those federal laws they didn t like [Tariff Act of 1828 (tax on imports to boost northern American manufacturing) Southerners called it Tariff of Abominations ] The Indian Crisis 1820-1840 The Bank War Defining moment of Andrew Jackson s (A.J.) Presidency Vetoed the bill to renew the charter of the Bank of the U.S. ( monster ) A.J. believed that the Bank was responsible for the Panic of 1819 The Bank was controlled by a small group of wealthy Easterners A.J. won reelection in 1828 The First 9 Presidents 4
1. George Washington (John Adams) 1789-1796 2. John Adams (Thomas Jefferson) 1796-1800 3. Thomas Jefferson (Aaron Burr) 1800-1808 4. James Madison 1808-1816 5. James Monroe 1816-1824 6. John Quincy Adams 1824-1828 7. Andrew Jackson 1828-1836 8. Martin Van Buren 1836 1840 9. William Henry Harrison - 1841 5