Public Affairs Index (PAI) A Closer look at Andhra Pradesh NOTE: All the data and rankings presented in PAI represent the united Andhra Pradesh (before the bifurcation)
Contents of the Presentation About us What is the need to measure governance? What is PAI? Results Where does Andhra Pradesh stand? Some insights
JM Keynes The political problem of mankind is to combine three things: economic efficiency, social justice and individual liberty. JM Keynes, Essays in Persuasion 1931
INDIA: complex governance Prime Minister s call for maximising governance and minimising government List I, II and III of the Constitution and state s responsibilities Ideological differences of political parties State aspirations may differ from national goals. The dilemma is to find a comprehensive set of matrixes for inter-state comparison.
PAI: The three tier matrix 10 Themes 25 Focus subjects 68 Indicators
10 Broad Themes Infrastructure Human Development Social Protection Fiscal Management Governance Women and Children Environment Transparency and Accountability Law and Order Economic Freedom Delivery of Justice
25 Focus subjects Power Water Roads & Communication Housing Education Health Women Children Violent crimes Policing Atrocities.. Pendency of cases Vacancies in judiciary PDS Pensions Minority welfare Fiscal management Development expenditure Pollution Environmental violations. Forest cover Renewable energy Transparency Accountability Economic freedom
Some examples of the 68 indicators Covering 10 themes Per Capita Consumption of Power Households electrified as a % of total % of Households with safe water Total Irrigated Area vs Agricultural Area T&D losses Water Regulatory Commission Ground Water Regulation Act Surface Roads as a % total Roads Road Density per 1000 sq. KM % of households with Cellphone No. of Pakka Houses as a % of total Slum as a % of total population % of households with toilets inside premsises And 25 focus subjects Allocation and offtake of grain under food security act % of Pension beneficiaries of the total above 60 population % of Households with no land Incidence of crime against SC/ST No. of Minority Children given pre metric scholarship Unemployment Rate % of Manual Casual Labour Crime against Children Percentage of Child Labour % of Beneficiaries under ICDS Child Sex Ratio % of Malnoutrished children Women Working Population ratio Utilization of Janani Suraksha Yojna Funds Male Female Literacy Gap Comprehensive list of variables Adherance to Section 4 RTI RTPS act legislated or not No. of Services provided under E Governance plan Lok Ayukt: Constiuted/Bill Passes, Existence of Individual Sites and Chairperson appointed No. of ACB cases Disposed as a % of total Social Audit under NREGA: % of GP's covered Panchayat Devolution Index Score Fiscal Surplus (% of GSDP) Debt Burden (% of GSDP) Per Capita Development Expenditure States own tax revenue growth No. of Industrial Entrepreneurs Memorandum filed Ease of Doing Business Value of MSME's assets (% of GSDP)
PAI: a comprehensive matrix PAI is based on government data in public domain. Covers outcomes, institutions and processes 68 indicators covering the gamut of Government activities.
Methodology (contd) A three stage aggregation technique has been used in the study. Indicator Level: Formula based Indexing/Scoring Subject Level: Subjective Weighted Aggregation Theme Level: Equal Weightage Average Formula Used at indicator level = Value-Maximum/Maximum- Minimum This formula compresses the data of every variable into a scale of 0 to 1, where 0 indicates the worst and 1 indicates the best performer. Previous Use of this formula in Literature Bibek Debroy s Economic Freedom Index and Raghuram Rajan s report to Finance Ministry 2013 Before indexing/scoring each variable is standardised by either using population/gdp based on the variable.
% of Households with access to drinking water An example: water. values of 2 indicators Index/Score - Drinking Water % of Net Irrigated Land to Cultivable Land Name of the State Weightage 0.6 0.4 Minimum 69.9 5.57 Maximum 95 64.70 Index/Score - Irrigated Land Overall Water Index Rank Arunachal Pradesh 78.6 0.347 22.44 0.285 0.322 5 Assam 69.9 0.000 5.57 0.000 0.000 6 Bihar 94 0.960 49.41 0.741 0.873 2 Chhattisga rh 86.3 0.653 28.60 0.390 0.548 3 Delhi 95 1.000 64.71 1.000 1.000 1 Goa 85.7 0.629 28.47 0.387 0.533 4
Why is PAI different? Mix of development outcomes and governance processes 68 comprehensive indicators covering all representative aspects of the role of government Measures processes; evaluates institutions Sentiment analysis New variables discovered Reflects current status and movement over three years Product release in report form and online platform. www.pai.pacindia.org
How does Andhra Pradesh perform in the 10 themes? PAI Score: Andhra Pradesh Name of the theme Index value Rank Essential Infrastructure 0.656 4 Support to Human Development 0.549 5 Social Protection 0.389 14 Women and Children 0.589 4 Crime, Law & Order 0.603 7 Delivery of Justice 0.421 9 Transparency & Accountability 0.445 15 Environment 0.475 8 Fiscal Management 0.331 17 Economic Freedom 0.532 3 Overall PAI Score 0.499 8
Theme 1: Essential Infrastructure Andhra Pradesh positioned at Rank 4, with Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat on the top Essential Infrastructure Roads Power Water & Housing Communication AP- Rank 7 Top States Delhi, Goa AP- Rank 1 AP- Rank 10 Top States Haryana, Punjab AP- Rank 5 Top States Kerala, Punjab
Theme 2: Support to Human Development Andhra Pradesh positioned at rank 5 with Karnataka and Tamil Nadu placed above Support to Human Development Health Education Andhra Pradesh- Rank 7 States above AP West Bengal and Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh- Rank 4 States above AP Punjab, Haryana
Theme 3: Social Protection Andhra Pradesh is ranked 14 Social Protection Public Distribution System Minority Welfare Social Justice Employment Andhra Pradesh- Rank 11 Top States Kerala, Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh- Rank 9 Andhra Pradesh- Ranks at the bottom (Rank 17) Andhra Pradesh- Rank 12 Above Odisha, West Bengal
Theme 4: Women & Children Andhra Pradesh finishes at rank 4, with Assam and Tamil Nadu above Children & Women Children Women Andhra Pradesh- Rank 6 Top States Assam, West Bengal Andhra Pradesh- Rank 4 Above Karnataka, Gujarat
Theme 5: Crime, Law & Order Andhra Pradesh finishes at Rank 7 Crime, Law & Order Crimes Atrocities Policing Andhra Pradesh- Rank 8 Top States Tamil Nadu, Kerala Andhra Pradesh- Rank 15 Andhra Pradesh- Rank 3 Top States Punjab, Chattisgarh
Theme 6: Delivery of Justice Andhra Pradesh placed at rank 9 with Kerala and Tamil Nadu on top of the table Delivery of Justice Pendency of Cases Vacancy of Judges AP- Rank 14 AP Rank 5
Theme 7: Transparency & Accountability Andhra Pradesh stands at rank 15, with Kerala and Karnataka on top Transparency & Accountability Transparency Public Accountability AP- Rank 12 AP- Rank 16
Theme 8: Environment Andhra Pradesh is placed at 8 th position, with Tamil Nadu and Karnataka topping the list Environment Pollution & Environmental Violation Renewable Energy Forest Cover AP- Rank 4 AP- Rank 7 AP- Rank 17
Theme 9: Fiscal Management Andhra Pradesh placed at rank 17, where Uttar Pradesh and Assam top the table Fiscal Management FRBM Indicators Resource Generation & Development Expenditure AP- Rank 17 AP- Rank 16 Top States Chhattisgarh, Bihar
Theme 10: Economic Freedom AP had achieved rank 3 with Gujarat and Maharashtra at 1 and 2 respectively Economic Freedom No. of IEM filed Ease of doing business MSME assets AP- Rank 3 AP- Rank 2 AP- Rank 12 Top States- Gujarat, Punjab
Sentiment Analysis Over the globe, sentiment analysis is picking up as an important tool for policymaking and politics. One chapter is dedicated to this in PAI. Over 10 Lakh Newspaper articles and 7 Lakh tweets were analysed to gauge the sentiment of the common man towards each state. Andhra Pradesh stood at 3 rd position among large states, with Kerala topping the table A positive correlation between PAI and Sentiment scores
Conclusion Overall AP scores a rank of 8 among large states with an index of 0.4991 Next year, we can segregate AP from Telengana Sub-state studies can be carried out (district level comparative studies)
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