World War I: 1914-1918 Mr. Mattingly U.S. History
WWI: The War to End all Wars. 30 Nations on Six Continents Disrupts 40 years of peace Causes of WWI: Powder Keg Nationalism = intense pride in one s homeland Self-Determination = a nation should have their own country and government Imperialism Competition for the biggest empire? Alliances = agreement to help Sometimes Secret Militarism Naval Arms Race
The Powder Keg is Lit: WWI Starts The Balkan nations want self-determination Balkans = Southeastern European Countries! June 1914: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Serbia Heir to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire Russia supports the Serbs! Nations Choose Sides: Allies (Triple Entente): Russia, France and Great Britain Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire! What about the United States?
Video: Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Washington s Farewell Address: The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop.! What is the meaning of President Washington s advice?
WWI: Allies vs. Central Powers
Wilson s Early Foreign Policy: Strongly opposed imperialism U.S. should strongly promote democracy Democracy = citizens elect government officials April 1914: Mexican Border Crisis Previous Intervention in Mexican Affairs Pancho Villa burns Columbus, New Mexico 6,000 troops under General John J. Pershing Failed to capture United States WWI Mindset: Neutrality One Reason: Immigrants Homeland Loyalty Second Reason: Trade with both sides
Video: Patton Revolutionizes Warfare
WWI Fighting Begins: Germany s Plan Germany must fight France and Russia. Avoid a two-front war Russia is big but slow Germany s Schlieffen Plan: Blitzkrieg First: Surprise France by moving through Belgium Belgium is neutral Then attack Russia Unsuccessful German Blitzkrieg Trench warfare = long lines of impenetrable trenches Stalemate = winning by both sides seems impossible
Video Clip: The Schlieffen Plan
Project: Military Weapons Keynote
U.S.A: The Road to WWI United States attempts to trade with both sides. British Blockade & Contraband Contraband = prohibited materials German U-Boats (submarines) May 1915: German U-Boat sinks Lusitania 128 Americans Killed on British Passenger Ship November 1916: Wilson wins re-election Slogan: He kept us out of war. January 1917: Zimmerman Telegram German Offer to Mexico: Regain lost territory Germany s Unrestricted Submarine Warfare April 6, 1917: U.S. declares war on Germany
Allies: America s in... Russia s out: Russian Government: Monarch (Czar) War changes social landscapes. Russia s Problem: Scarce Food and Fuel November 1917: Bolshevik Revolution Bolsheviks = communist group in Russia Leader: Vladimir Lenin Bolsheviks overthrow the Czar Nicholas II Communist Russia = total government control Form of Socialism (forced government equality) Treaty with Germany Anastasia Myth: What happened to the czar s family?
Quiz Time: WWI Quiz #1
WW1: American War Effort 1917 USA Military: 370,000 troops Selective Service = men ages 21-30 must register for the draft 2.8 million drafted + 2 million volunteer Military and African Americans: Racially Segregated First time blacks are trained as officers First: Women officially serve in the Armed Forces Shortage of clerical workers Government Intervention on Business: Control industries and occasionally set prices Is this against free enterprise? Paying for War: Raise Income Taxes (Over 70%) Sell Liberty and Victory Bonds
Doughboys Arrive: New Method of War Doughboy = American soldier during WWI U.S. Commander: General John Pershing Average: 107 pieces of equipment New Weapons of WWI: Poison Gas and Gas Masks Tank Airplanes Horrors of Trench Warfare: No man s land = space between opposing trenches Trench Mouth and Trench Foot Wide Spread of Disease
American Homeland: Witch Hunt Super Americanism Hamburgers... liberty steaks? The Espionage and Sedition Acts: Controlled dissenters of WWI Censored the News 25 Years in Prison What did this violate? 1st Amendment Freedom of Speech
The Great War Ends: United States help reinforce the tired Allies Troops and Supplies Breaks stalemate Exhausted Germany signs a truce November 11, 1918 Kaiser Wilhem (King) abdicates his thrown What might be wrong with a truce? Is this The War to End All Wars? Wilson s Goal One Result: 37 Million Casualties 16+ Million Deaths / 20+ Million Wounded
Simulation: War to End All War. In groups, create a plan to prevent future wars from occurring. Step #1: Name your organization. What does it consist of? Step #2: Name the causes of war. Why do wars start? Step #3: Create a list of the rules of your organization. Rules and Consequences Are you encountering problems?
Wilson s Peace Plan: Fourteen Points Wilson s Rules (Points) for Peace: Free Trade (No Tariffs) Military Reduction Freedom of the Seas No Secret Treaties Self-Determination (No Imperialism) Wilson s Most Important Point: League of Nations Organization responsible for preserving peace Will Wilson s Plan be accepted by the Big Four? Big Four: United States, Great Britain, France and Italy Germany was not invited
WWI Ends: Treaty of Versailles, Results of the Treaty: Germany blamed and pays $33 billion in reparations Reparations = war damages Austrian-Hungarian Empire Split into countries EX: Poland Ottoman Empire become present day Middle East Creation of the League of Nations American WWI Deaths: 107,000 Was it worth it? U.S. Senate Rejects the Treaty Opposition Led by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Wilson has stroke and paralyzed U.S. does not join the League of Nations
WWI Military Deaths: 9.7 Million
Quiz Time: WWI Quiz #2